scholarly journals Precision medicine in airway diseases: moving to clinical practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1701655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvar Agustí ◽  
Mona Bafadhel ◽  
Richard Beasley ◽  
Elisabeth H. Bel ◽  
Rosa Faner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
Society Research

On February 21, 2017, a European Respiratory Society research seminar held in Barcelona discussed how to best apply precision medicine to chronic airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is now clear that both are complex and heterogeneous diseases, that often overlap and that both require individualised assessment and treatment. This paper summarises the presentations and discussions that took place during the seminar. Specifically, we discussed the need for a new taxonomy of human diseases, the role of different players in this scenario (exposome, genes, endotypes, phenotypes, biomarkers and treatable traits) and a number of unanswered key questions in the field. We also addressed how to deploy airway precision medicine in clinical practice today, both in primary and specialised care. Finally, we debated the type of research needed to move the field forward.

scholarly journals Research highlights from the 2018 European Respiratory Society International Congress: airway disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 00225-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Schleich ◽  
Andras Bikov ◽  
Alexander G. Mathioudakis ◽  
Melissa McDonnell ◽  
Cecilia Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
International Congress ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
Airway Diseases

The annual European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Congress (held in Paris in 2018) was once again a platform for discussion of the highest-quality scientific research, cutting-edge techniques and innovative new therapies within the respiratory field. This article discusses only some of the high-quality research studies presented at this year's Congress, with a particular focus on airway diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis and cough, as presented through Assembly 5 of the ERS (Airway Diseases: Asthma and COPD). The authors establish the key take-home messages of these studies, compare their findings and place them in the context of current understanding.

The role of the pharmacist in the treatment of asthma – it’s not just the drug that matters

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-444
Author(s):  
Marek Postuła
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Inhaler Technique ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Inhalation Devices

Appropriate selection and correct use of inhalation devices is an integral component in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is well known that there are many challenges with the use of inhalers, and no one device suits all patients. Importantly, education and support is crucial, not only to enable patients to recognize the need for optimal disease management, but also to help them develop good inhaler technique. In addition, health care professionals should also aim to increase their knowledge of the devices they prescribe and develop systems to ensure that they offer comprehensive support to patients in clinical practice.

The role of electrocardiography in evaluation of severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in daily clinical practice

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faruk AKTÜRK ◽  
İsmail BIYIK ◽  
Cüneyt KOCAŞ ◽  
Mehmet ERTÜRK ◽  
Ahmet Arif YALÇIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Daily Clinical Practice ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

scholarly journals Molecular Background of miRNA Role in Asthma and COPD: An Updated Insight

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Szymczak ◽  
Joanna Wieczfinska ◽  
Rafal Pawliczak
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Significant Health

Inflammatory airway diseases are a significant health problems requiring new approaches to the existing therapies and addressing fundamental issues. Difficulties in developing effective therapeutic strategies might be caused by lack of understanding of their exact molecular mechanism. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of regulators that already revolutionized the view of gene expression regulation. A cumulating number of investigations show a pivotal role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or airway remodeling through the regulation of many pathways involved in their pathogenesis. Expression changes of several miRNAs have also been found to play a role in the development and/or improvement in asthma or COPD. Still, relatively little is known about the role of miRNAs in inflammatory disorders. The microRNA profiles may differ depending on the cell type or antigen-presenting cell. Based on the newest literature, this review discusses the current knowledge concerning miRNA contribution and influence on lung inflammation and chosen inflammatory airway diseases: asthma and COPD.

scholarly journals Treatable traits: toward precision medicine of chronic airway diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvar Agusti ◽  
Elisabeth Bel ◽  
Mike Thomas ◽  
Claus Vogelmeier ◽  
Guy Brusselle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Genetic Biomarker ◽  
Chronic Airway

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two prevalent chronic airway diseases that have a high personal and social impact. They likely represent a continuum of different diseases that may share biological mechanisms (i.e. endotypes), and present similar clinical, functional, imaging and/or biological features that can be observed (i.e. phenotypes) which require individualised treatment. Precision medicine is defined as “treatments targeted to the needs of individual patients on the basis of genetic, biomarker, phenotypic, or psychosocial characteristics that distinguish a given patient from other patients with similar clinical presentations”. In this Perspective, we propose a precision medicine strategy for chronic airway diseases in general, and asthma and COPD in particular.

scholarly journals Updated view on the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
Deog Kyeom Kim ◽  
Chin Kook Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Long Acting

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prevalent (13.4% in the population above the age of 40) but less recognized by patients and physicians in Korea. The definition and treatment strategies of COPD have changed with the accumulation of evidence, and the Korean COPD guidelines recommended by the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease have also been updated. This review will cover some important points, that should be considered in the management of stable COPD in clinical practice. COPD is a treatable disease and earlier detection should be emphasized to achieve better clinical benefits in the mild stages. In addition, etiologies other than smoking are critical in the development of COPD. Medical treatment strategies have been updated focusing on the role of long-acting bronchodilators and the updated Korean COPD guidelines include specific Korean situations in the management of COPD.

scholarly journals Use of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) in Chronic Airway Diseases

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2210
Author(s):  
Luis Máiz Carro ◽  
Miguel A. Martínez-García
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
Water Binding ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Surface Liquid ◽  
Chronic Airway

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a key component of the extracellular matrix of the lungs. A unique attribute of HA is its water-retaining properties, so HA has a major role in the regulation of fluid balance in the lung interstitium. Hyaluronic acid has been widely used in the treatment of eyes, ears, joints and skin disorders, but in the last years, it has been also proposed in the treatment of certain lung diseases, including airway diseases, due to its anti-inflammatory and water-binding capacities. Hyaluronic acid aerosol decreases the severity of elastase-induced emphysema in murine models, prevents bronchoconstriction in asthmatics and improves some functional parameters in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Due to the protection of HA against bronchoconstriction and its hydration properties, inhaled HA would increase the volume of airway surface liquid, resulting in mucus hydration, increased mucous transport and less mucous plugging of the airways. In addition, it has been seen in human studies that the treatment with nebulised HA improves the tolerability of nebulised hypertonic saline (even at 6% or 7% of concentration), which has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment in bronchial secretion management in patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. Our objective is to review the role of HA treatment in the management of chronic airway diseases.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and macrophages: driving forces behind exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (2) ◽  
pp. L369-L384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linsey E. S. de Groot ◽  
T. Anienke van der Veen ◽  
Fernando O. Martinez ◽  
Jörg Hamann ◽  
René Lutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Current State ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Obstructive Airway Diseases

Oxidative stress is a common feature of obstructive airway diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lung macrophages are key innate immune cells that can generate oxidants and are known to display aberrant polarization patterns and defective phagocytic responses in these diseases. Whether these characteristics are linked in one way or another and whether they contribute to the onset and severity of exacerbations in asthma and COPD remain poorly understood. Insight into oxidative stress, macrophages, and their interactions may be important in fully understanding acute worsening of lung disease. This review therefore highlights the current state of the art regarding the role of oxidative stress and macrophages in exacerbations of asthma and COPD. It shows that oxidative stress can attenuate macrophage function, which may result in impaired responses toward exacerbating triggers and may contribute to exaggerated inflammation in the airways.

scholarly journals The role of hyaluronan in the pathobiology and treatment of respiratory disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (9) ◽  
pp. L785-L795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros Garantziotis ◽  
Martin Brezina ◽  
Paolo Castelnuovo ◽  
Lorenzo Drago
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
And Migration

Hyaluronan, a ubiquitous naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan, is a major component of the extracellular matrix, where it participates in biological processes that include water homeostasis, cell-matrix signaling, tissue healing, inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation and migration. There are emerging data that hyaluronan and its degradation products have an important role in the pathobiology of the respiratory tract. We review the role of hyaluronan in respiratory diseases and present evidence from published literature and from clinical practice supporting hyaluronan as a novel treatment for respiratory diseases. Preliminary data show that aerosolized exogenous hyaluronan has beneficial activity against airway inflammation, protects against bronchial hyperreactivity and remodeling, and disrupts the biofilm associated with chronic infection. This suggests a role in airway diseases with a predominant inflammatory component such as rhinosinusitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. The potential for hyaluronan to complement conventional therapy will become clearer when data are available from controlled trials in larger patient populations.

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