scholarly journals Spirometric phenotypes from early childhood to young adulthood: A CADSET (Chronic Airway Disease Early Stratification) study

2021 ◽  
pp. 00457-2021
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Jenny Hallberg ◽  
Dimitrios Charalampopoulos ◽  
Maribel Casas Sanahuja ◽  
Robab Breyer-Kohansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Chronic Airway Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Trends

BackgroundThe prevalences of obstructive and restrictive spirometric phenotypes, and their relation to early-life risk factors from childhood to young adulthood remain poorly understood. The aim was to explore these phenotypes and associations with well-known respiratory risk factors across ages and populations in European cohorts.MethodsWe studied 49 334 participants from 14 population-based cohorts in different age-groups (≤10, >10–15, >15–20, >20–25 years, and overall, 5–25 years). The obstructive phenotype was defined as FEV1/FVC z-score <the lower limit of normal (LLN), whereas the restrictive as FEV1/FVC z-score ≥LLN, and FVC z-score <LLN.ResultsThe prevalence of obstructive and restrictive phenotypes varied from 3.2–10.9% and 1.8–7.7%, respectively, without clear age trends. A diagnosis of asthma (adjusted odds ratio, aOR=2.55 [95% CI=2.14–3.04]), preterm birth (aOR=1.84 [1.27–2.66]), maternal smoking during pregnancy (aOR=1.16 [1.01–1.35]), and family history of asthma (aOR=1.44 [1.25–1.66]) were associated with a higher prevalence of obstructive, but not restrictive phenotype across ages (5–25 years). A higher current body mass index (BMI) was more often observed in those with the obstructive phenotype but less in those with the restrictive (aOR=1.05 [1.03–1.06] and aOR=0.81 [0.78–0.85], per kg/m2 increase in BMI, respectively). Current smoking was associated with the obstructive phenotype in participants older than 10 years (aOR=1.24 [1.05–1.46]).ConclusionObstructive and restrictive phenotypes were found to be relatively prevalent during childhood, which supports the early origins concept. Several well-known respiratory risk factors were associated with obstructive phenotype, whereas only low BMI was associated with the restrictive phenotype, suggesting different underlying pathobiology of these two phenotypes.

scholarly journals Predicting COVID-19 mortality with electronic medical records

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Estiri ◽  
Zachary H. Strasser ◽  
Jeffy G. Klann ◽  
Pourandokht Naseri ◽  
Kavishwar B. Wagholikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prognostic Models ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis study aims to predict death after COVID-19 using only the past medical information routinely collected in electronic health records (EHRs) and to understand the differences in risk factors across age groups. Combining computational methods and clinical expertise, we curated clusters that represent 46 clinical conditions as potential risk factors for death after a COVID-19 infection. We trained age-stratified generalized linear models (GLMs) with component-wise gradient boosting to predict the probability of death based on what we know from the patients before they contracted the virus. Despite only relying on previously documented demographics and comorbidities, our models demonstrated similar performance to other prognostic models that require an assortment of symptoms, laboratory values, and images at the time of diagnosis or during the course of the illness. In general, we found age as the most important predictor of mortality in COVID-19 patients. A history of pneumonia, which is rarely asked in typical epidemiology studies, was one of the most important risk factors for predicting COVID-19 mortality. A history of diabetes with complications and cancer (breast and prostate) were notable risk factors for patients between the ages of 45 and 65 years. In patients aged 65–85 years, diseases that affect the pulmonary system, including interstitial lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and a smoking history, were important for predicting mortality. The ability to compute precise individual-level risk scores exclusively based on the EHR is crucial for effectively allocating and distributing resources, such as prioritizing vaccination among the general population.

scholarly journals Predictors of disordered eating in adolescence and young adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit Shawel Abebe ◽  
Leila Torgersen ◽  
Lars Lien ◽  
Gertrud S. Hafstad ◽  
Tilmann von Soest
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Gender Specific

We investigated longitudinal predictors for disordered eating from early adolescence to young adulthood (12–34 years) across gender and different developmental phases among Norwegian young people. Survey data from a population-based sample were collected at four time points (T) over a 13-year time span. A population-based sample of 5,679 females and males at T1 and T2, 2,745 at T3 and 2,718 at T4 were included in analyses, and linear regression and random intercept models were applied. In adolescence, initial disordered eating and parental overprotectiveness were more strongly related to disordered eating among females, whereas loneliness was a stronger predictor for adolescent males. Initial disordered eating during early adolescence predicted later disordered eating more strongly in late- than mid-adolescence. In young adulthood, no significant gender-specific risk factors were found. The findings provide support for both shared and specific risk factors for the developmental psychopathology of disordered eating.

scholarly journals A population-based exposure assessment of risk factors associated with gastrointestinal pathogens: a Campylobacter study

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 976-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. MacRITCHIE ◽  
C. J. HUNTER ◽  
N. J. C. STRACHAN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Elevated Exposure

SUMMARYA questionnaire survey was undertaken to determine the exposure of a study population to campylobacteriosis source risk factors (environmental, water, food) and results were stratified by age, population density and deprivation. Data were gathered using an exposure assessment carried out by telephone in the Grampian region of Scotland. Univariate analysis showed that children aged 5–14 years, living in low population density (0–44·4 persons/km2) and affluent areas had elevated exposure to environmental and water risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that younger age groups and lower population density were significant indicators for most environmental risk factors. The results compared to reported disease incidence in Grampian showed that greater exposure to risk factors does not necessarily coincide with greater disease incidence for age groups, particularly for the 0–4 years age group. Further research is required to explain the relationship between exposure and disease incidence.

Prenatal and postnatal risk factors for infantile pneumonia in a representative birth cohort

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
pp. 1277-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. CHEN ◽  
H. J. WEN ◽  
P. C. CHEN ◽  
S. J. LIN ◽  
T. L. CHIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Overweight

SUMMARYPneumonia is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in infants. However, information of risk factors for pneumonia in children aged <6 months is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors and their contribution to infantile pneumonia in a large population-based survey. Of 24 200 randomly sampled main caregivers invited, 21 248 (87·8%) participated in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to interview the main caregivers. Information regarding whether hospitalization was required, family environment, and medical history were obtained. The prevalence of pneumonia was 0·62% in our study cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preterm birth, congenital cardiopulmonary disease, antibiotic use during pregnancy, maternal overweight, daily prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and visible mould on walls at home are risk factors associated with infantile pneumonia. Further study is warranted to investigate the causality and mechanisms of these novel factors.

OBJECTIVE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND PROGRESSION TO DEMENTIA IN WOMEN: THE PROSPECTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RISK FACTOR STUDY

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
J. Skov Neergaard ◽  
K. Dragsbæk ◽  
C. Christiansen ◽  
M. Asser Karsdal ◽  
S. Brix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Risk Factor Study ◽  
Factor Study ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Risk Factor ◽  
History Of

Background: Identification of subjects with a progressive disease phenotype is an urgent need in the pharmaceutical industry where most of the recent clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease have failed. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify subgroups of individuals with objective cognitive impairment (OCI), who were most likely to progress to dementia and to identify the risk factors associated with progression. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Population-based. Participants: 5,380 elderly women from Denmark. Measurements: The Short Blessed Test and a category fluency test with animal naming, was used to assess cognitive function, and to classify them into different groups of OCI. Results: OCI was identified in 852 subjects at baseline. The risk of dementia was elevated for OCI subjects as compared to subjects with normal cognition (HR 1.46[1.19-1.79]). The courses of OCI were studied in a sub-cohort who completed the cognitive assessment at both the baseline and the follow-up visit (n = 1,933). Of these subjects 203 had OCI at baseline. The multi-domain subtypes of OCI were associated with progressive OCI. Subjects most likely to progress were older, physically inactive, had a higher level of total cholesterol (>6.5 mmol/L) and had a history of depression as compared to subjects with a non-progressive course of OCI. Conclusions: In this cohort we identified a risk profile associated with progression from OCI in older women. The degree of impairment at baseline was an important predictor of conversion to dementia, additionally several modifiable risk factors were associated with progression.

scholarly journals Age-Related Risk Factors and Complications of Patients With COVID-19: A Population-Based Retrospective Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhang ◽  
Yingying Wu ◽  
Yuqing He ◽  
Xingyuan Liu ◽  
Mingqian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Objective: To study the differences in clinical characteristics, risk factors, and complications across age-groups among the inpatients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: In this population-based retrospective study, we included all the positive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at Wuhan City from December 29, 2019 to April 15, 2020, during the first pandemic wave. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors for death from COVID-19. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was performed to study the associations between comorbidities and complications.Results: There are 36,358 patients in the final cohort, of whom 2,492 (6.85%) died. Greater age (odds ration [OR] = 1.061 [95% CI 1.057–1.065], p &lt; 0.001), male gender (OR = 1.726 [95% CI 1.582–1.885], p &lt; 0.001), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.558 [95% CI 1.355–1.786], p &lt; 0.001), smoking (OR = 1.326 [95% CI 1.055–1.652], p = 0.014), hypertension (OR = 1.175 [95% CI 1.067–1.293], p = 0.001), diabetes (OR = 1.258 [95% CI 1.118–1.413], p &lt; 0.001), cancer (OR = 1.86 [95% CI 1.507–2.279], p &lt; 0.001), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 1.745 [95% CI 1.427–2.12], p &lt; 0.001), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (OR = 1.96 [95% CI 1.323–2.846], p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for death from COVID-19. Patients aged 40–80 years make up the majority of the whole patients, and them had similar risk factors with the whole patients. For patients aged &lt;40 years, only cancer (OR = 17.112 [95% CI 6.264–39.73], p &lt; 0.001) and ICH (OR = 31.538 [95% CI 5.213–158.787], p &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with higher odds of death. For patients aged &gt;80 years, only age (OR = 1.033 [95% CI 1.008–1.059], p = 0.01) and male gender (OR = 1.585 [95% CI 1.301–1.933], p &lt; 0.001) were associated with higher odds of death. The incidence of most complications increases with age, but arrhythmias, gastrointestinal bleeding, and sepsis were more common in younger deceased patients with COVID-19, with only arrhythmia reaching statistical difference (p = 0.039). We found a relatively poor correlation between preexisting risk factors and complications.Conclusions: Coronavirus disease 2019 are disproportionally affected by age for its clinical manifestations, risk factors, complications, and outcomes. Prior complications have little effect on the incidence of extrapulmonary complications.

scholarly journals Association Between Subconjunctival Hemorrhage and Acute Coronary Syndrome: A 14-Year Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Hao Chiang ◽  
Jung-Nien Lai ◽  
Yun-Chi Chiang ◽  
Kai-Chieh Hu ◽  
Min-Yen Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Purpose: Subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH) is usually a benign ocular disorder that causes painless, redness under the conjunctiva. However, since SCH and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) share many vascular risk factors, studies have suggested that these two disorders may be significantly associated with each other, and evaluate the concomitance of ACS in patients with SCH.Methods: This population-based cohort study, enrolled 35,260 Taiwanese patients, and used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to identify patients with ACS and SCH. Outcomes were compared between the with and without SCH groups. The study population was followed until the date of ACS onset, the date of withdrawal, death, or December 31st 2013, whichever came first.Results: Of the 85,925 patients identified with SCH between 1996 and 2013, 68,295 were excluded based on the study's exclusion criteria, and a total of 17,630 patients with SCH who were diagnosed by ophthalmologists between 2000 and 2012 were eligible for analysis. After 1:1 propensity score matching for 5-year age groups, gender, and the index year, the results showed that SCH was more common in the 40–59 age group (53.82%) and females (58.66%). As for the ACS-related risk factors, patients with diabetes mellitus (aHR = 1.58, 95% CI = [1.38, 1.81]), hypertension (aHR = 1.71, 95% CI = [1.49, 1.96]) and patients taking aspirin (aHR = 1.67, 95% CI = [1.47, 1.90]) had a notably higher risk of ACS. However, it was found that there were no significant differences in the occurrence of ACS between the non-SCH and SCH patients.Conclusion: This results of this study regarding the risk factors and epidemiology of SCH and ACS were in keeping with previously reported findings. However, the results revealed no significant association between SCH and ACS.

Abstract 1158: Sudden Death in Children with Cardiomyopathy: Long Term Follow-Up from a National Population-Based Study of Childhood Cardiomyopathy

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Bharucha ◽  
Andrew M Davis ◽  
Christian Turner ◽  
Robert Justo ◽  
Terry Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Icd Implantation ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction Better data regarding the incidence and risk factors for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in children with cardiomyopathy (CM) is critical in defining appropriate primary prevention strategies. Methods The National Australian Childhood Cardiomyopathy Study is a prospective cohort study, including all children in Australia with primary CM diagnosed at 0 – 10 years of age, between 1987–1997. SCD was defined as sudden and unexpected death in children who were not hospitalized and not in congestive heart failure at the time of death. Nine subjects with sudden death as presenting symptom were excluded. Indexed echocardiographic measurements at latest follow-up were compared between subjects with SCD and survivors. Results Study criteria were met by 291 children. Mean duration of follow-up was 9.2 years. The incidence of sudden death relative to each CM type, for all cases and as a proportion of deaths, is shown in the Table : Incidence of SCD by CM type. SCD incidence was significantly associated with CM type, for all cases ( p = 0.006) and when only those subjects who died were considered ( p = 0.005), with LVNC and RCM having up to 4 times the risk of other CM types. Children with familial DCM had a significantly higher rate of SCD than subjects with non-familial CM (12% vs 3%; p = 0.028), however, familial CM was not a risk factor in other CM types. DCM SCD subjects had larger LVEDd Z score than survivors (median 5.53 vs 1.16; p <0.0001) and lower FS Z score (median −9.23 vs −0.51; p = 0.0025). HCM SCD subjects had thicker LVPW dimension Z scores than survivors (median 4.63 vs 1.18; p = 0.007). Twelve subjects (2 DCM, 8 HCM and 2 LVNC) underwent ICD implantation (8/12 for primary prevention). Conclusions: This population based study defines new risk factors for sudden death in children with CM. RCM is well known to have a high incidence of SCD. In addition, children with LVNC and those with DCM who have severe dilatation, systolic dysfunction or familial DCM are at increased risk of sudden death.

Incidence and risk factors for dysglycaemia in Asian-Indians: a 10-year population-based prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2021-141243
Author(s):  
Rahul Gupta ◽  
Satyam Singh Jayant ◽  
Ashu Rastogi ◽  
Sanjay K Bhadada ◽  
Anil Bhansali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Asian Indians ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
East Asia Region

BackgroundDiabetes prevalence estimates suggest an increasing trend in South-East Asia region, but studies on its incidence are limited. The current study aims to estimate the incidence of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in a population-based cohort from India.MethodsA subset of Chandigarh Urban Diabetes Study cohort (n=1878) with normoglycaemia or pre-diabetes at baseline was prospectively followed after a median of 11 (0.5–11) years. Diabetes and pre-diabetes were diagnosed as per WHO guidelines. The incidence with 95% CI was calculated in 1000 person-years and Cox proportional hazard model was used to find the association between the risk factors and progression to pre-diabetes and diabetes.ResultsThe incidence of diabetes, pre-diabetes and dysglycaemia (either pre-diabetes or diabetes) was 21.6 (17.8–26.1), 18.8 (14.8–23.4) and 31.7 (26.5–37.6) per 1000 person-years, respectively. Age (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04), family history of diabetes (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.25) and sedentary lifestyle (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.17) predicted conversion from normoglycaemia to dysglycaemia, while obesity (HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.21 to 4.89) predicted conversion from pre-diabetes to diabetes.ConclusionA high incidence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Asian-Indians suggests a faster conversion rate to dysglycaemia, which is partly explained by sedentary lifestyle and consequent obesity in these individuals. The high incidence rates call for a pressing need for public health interventions targeting modifiable risk factors.

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