Physical health behaviours and health locus of control in people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and bipolar disorder: a cross-sectional comparative study with people with non-psychotic mental illness

BackgroundThe elderly population and numbers of nursing homes residents are growing at a rapid pace globally. Uncertainty exists regarding the actual rates of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder and schizophrenia as previous evidence documenting high rates relies on suboptimal methodology.AimsTo carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and correlates of MDD, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorder among nursing homes residents without dementia.MethodMajor electronic databases were systematically searched from 1980 to July 2017 for original studies reporting on the prevalence and correlates of MDD among nursing homes residents without dementia. The prevalence of MDD in this population was meta-analysed through random-effects modelling and potential sources of heterogeneity were examined through subgroup/meta-regression analyses.ResultsAcross 32 observational studies encompassing 13 394 nursing homes residents, 2110 people were diagnosed with MDD, resulting in a pooled prevalence rate of 18.9% (95% CI 14.8–23.8). Heterogeneity was high (I2 = 97%, P≤0.001); no evidence of publication bias was observed. Sensitivity analysis indicated the highest rates of MDD among North American residents (25.4%, 95% CI 18–34.5, P≤0.001). Prevalence of either bipolar disorder or schizophrenia spectrum disorder could not be reliably pooled because of the paucity of data.ConclusionsMDD is highly prevalent among nursing homes residents without dementia. Efforts towards prevention, early recognition and management of MDD in this population are warranted.

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Extrapyramidal side effects and functional remission in schizophrenia

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2134 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S195-S196

Author(s):

B. Ghajati ◽

C. Leila ◽

L. Raja ◽

C. Majda

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

The Social ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Social Autonomy

Treating patients with schizophrenia has evolved towards including, as an effective goal, their functional remission. Beyond the discrepancies in this concept definition, a plethora of studies has been conducted trying to identify predictors of functioning in schizophrenia. Among which antipsychotic prescription and related side effects.AimExplore extrapyramidal side effects link with functional prognosis of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study in the psychiatry department “C”, in Razi hospital (Tunis), between October 2014 and March 2015. Sixty patients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorder (DSM IV-R) were included. Functional status was explored with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) and the Social Autonomy Scale (EAS). Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) were evaluated using the Simpson and Angus Rating Scale (SAS).ResultsFunctional remission was achieved according to GAF, SOFAS and EAS in respectively: 63,30%, 48,30% and 51,70% of the patients. SAS mean score was 0.898 ± 0.29 (0.4–2). Although SAS showed no significant association with GAF, SOFAS and EAS global scores, patient with less EPS had better autonomy in EAS’ dimension “Relationship with the outside” (P = 0.048).ConclusionEPS may influence functional remission at several levels starting from the neurobiological to the social stigmatization and the treatment adherence levels. Further research in this matter is required.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Spatial frequency discrimination in patients with schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders: Evidence of early visual processing deficits and associations with intellectual abilities

10.1101/2021.06.28.21259309 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aili Roetterud Loechen ◽

Knut Kolskaar ◽

Ann-Marie Glasoe de Lange ◽

Markus Sneve ◽

Beathe Haatveit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Visual Discrimination ◽

Linear Models ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Discrimination Threshold ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Post Hoc

Objective: Low-level sensory disruption is hypothesized as a precursor to clinical and cognitive symptoms in severe mental disorders. We compared visual discrimination performance in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder or bipolar disorder with healthy controls, and investigated associations with clinical symptoms and IQ. Methods: Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (n=32), bipolar disorder (n=55) and healthy controls (n=152) completed a computerized visual discrimination task. Participants responded whether the latter of two consecutive grids had higher or lower spatial frequency, and discrimination thresholds were estimated using an adaptive maximum likelihood procedure. Case-control differences in threshold were assessed using linear regression, F-test and post-hoc pair-wise comparisons. Linear models were used to test for associations between visual discrimination threshold and psychotic symptoms derived from the PANSS and IQ assessed using the Matrix Reasoning and Vocabulary subtests from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). Results: Robust regression revealed a significant main effect of diagnosis on discrimination threshold (robust F=6.76, p=.001). Post-hoc comparisons revealed that patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (mean=14%, SD=0.08) had higher thresholds compared to healthy controls (mean=10.8%, SD = 0.07, β = 0.35, t=3.4, p=0.002), as did patients with bipolar disorder (12.23%, SD=0.07, β= 0.21, t=2.42, p=0.04). There was no significant difference between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (β=-0.14, t=-1.2, p=0.45). Linear models revealed negative associations between IQ and threshold across all participants when controlling for diagnostic group (β = -0.3, t=-3.43, p=0.0007). This association was found within healthy controls (t=-3.72, p=.0003) and patients with bipolar disorder (t=-2.53, p=.015), and no significant group by IQ interaction on threshold (F=0.044, p=.97). There were no significant associations between PANSS domain scores and discrimination threshold. Conclusion: Patients with schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar disorders exhibited higher visual discrimination thresholds than healthy controls, supporting early visual deficits among patients with severe mental illness. Discrimination threshold was negatively associated with IQ among healthy controls and bipolar disorder patients. These findings elucidate perception-related disease mechanisms in severe mental illness, which warrants replication in independent samples.

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Insecure attachment as a transdiagnostic risk factor for major psychiatric conditions: A meta-analysis in bipolar disorder, depression and schizophrenia spectrum disorder

Journal of Psychiatric Research ◽

10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Simon Herstell ◽

Linda T. Betz ◽

Nora Penzel ◽

Ruth Chechelnizki ◽

Laura Filihagh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Insecure Attachment ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Psychiatric Conditions

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C-reactive protein as a marker of cardiovascular disease in patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder treated in routine medical practice

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.07.003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 161-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

A. Sicras-Mainar ◽

J. Rejas-Gutiérrez ◽

R. Navarro-Artieda ◽

M. Blanca-Tamayo

Keyword(s):

Clinical Chemistry ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Administrative Claims ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Very High

AbstractObjectiveInterest in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in schizophrenia has grown recently due to documented incremental mortality. C-reactive protein (CRP) has been assessed as a marker in individuals with CVD and/or at high risk of developing it. However, its role in schizophrenia patients is unknown. The goal of this research was thus to explore the use of CRP as a marker of CVD risk in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of the Badalona Serveis Assistencials (BSA) administrative claims database was conducted including all subjects aged > 18 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder. CRP measurement, sociodemographics, medical history, 10-year CVD risk (Framingham function) and clinical chemistry data were extracted for analysis.ResultsSeven hundred and five patients (53.0% men, 48.2 [15.8] years, 78.7% on atypicals) met criteria for analysis. Mean 10-year CVD risk was high; 11.9 ± 5.7% and mean CRP levels were 2.6 ± 2.5 mg/L with 30.4% showing above-normative levels (> 3 mg/L). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking and presence of neoplasm or inflammatory diseases, CRP was linearly associated with 10-year CVD risk stratified by risk (low, moderate, high/very high): respectively, 2.3 (95% CI: 2.1–2.5), 3.1 (2.6–3.5) and 3.7 (3.2–4.1) mg/L; F = 13.5, P < 0.001. Patients with known CVD also showed higher CRP levels: 3.7 (2.9–4.5) vs. 2.5 (2.4–2.7) mg/L, P = 0.008; and higher probability of above-normal values; odds ratio = 4.71 (2.01–11.04), P < 0.001.ConclusionsHigh CRP levels above normative were associated with both known CVD and high/very high 10-year risk of a CVD event in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting CRP could be a marker of CVD in this psychiatric disorder.

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