Field site selection: getting it right first time around

Nest-habitat selection and nest design in a Eurasian bullfinch population in the Iberian Peninsula are thoroughly addressed in this study for the first time. Hedgerows and meadows were found around all of the nests and most of them were supported by hedgerows, so bullfinches consistently used the general woody vegetation available as reproduction habitat and site. Also, poplar plantations appeared preferentially in the immediate surroundings of the nests. Partly reflecting these results, bullfinches chose zones with greater shrub and tree cover than that available. Bullfinches placed their nests on a wide variety of plant species, but showed predilection for thorny species. Overall mean height of nests above the ground was 1.43 m and large-sized shrubs/trees were preferred. The most predominant bullfinch nest orientations were S, E and centered, which arguably provided thermal benefits and protected from severe weather. In general, there were no significant temporal variations in nest-site selection. With the exception of thorny support and favourable orientation, acting jointly, there was no significant association between nest-site characteristics and nesting success, presumably because many nests were already located in the most advantageous places at each time, and because despite this, predation pressure was high. Nest external dimensions were relatively variable, whereas internal width was the least variable nest dimension. No significant monthly or interannual variations in nest weight were observed. Larger nests did not hold larger clutches. Successful nests were larger than unsuccessful ones. The bullfinch nests were of simple construction, with two clearly different regions, the outer nest and the internal cup, with no significant temporal variations in the weight of either. The outer, structural nest consisted mainly of twigs, whereas roots and herbaceous shoots were the highest fractions lining the cup. Hair was the only animal-derived material used by bullfinches.

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Hospital site selection using fuzzy EDAS method: case study application for districts of İstanbul

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-201757 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Melike Yılmaz ◽

Tankut Atan

Keyword(s):

Site Selection ◽

Access To Health Care ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Fuzzy Evaluation ◽

Public Infrastructure ◽

Public Officials ◽

Hospital Site ◽

Access To Health ◽

First Time

As the Covid-19 pandemic also proved, access to health care plays a crucial role in our lives. Public officials, managers and investors should consider many criteria such as public infrastructure, environment, accessibility and demand for selecting the most appropriate site for a new hospital. Thus, the hospital site selection problem is a critical multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. This paper is a case study for İstanbul where a recent MCDM methodology, the fuzzy Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) method, is applied to this problem for the first time. We used a comprehensive set of five main criteria and 17 sub-criteria found in the relevant literature regarding hospital site selection. These criteria were evaluated by three decision-makers to choose the hospital site from three districts. The recommendation of the fuzzy EDAS method was then compared to the outcome of a frequently used fuzzy MCDM method. The methods resulted in different site recommendations.

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Several features of growing Colchicum autumnale l. in the urban environment of Tashkent-Uzbekistan

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/939/1/012038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 939 (1) ◽

pp. 012038

Author(s):

V T Kaysarov ◽

E T Akhmedov

Keyword(s):

Urban Environment ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Field Site ◽

Colchicum Autumnale ◽

Experimental Field ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

First Time

Abstract For the first time, the collection of autumn colchicum was created at the experimental field site of the Tashkent State Agrarian University. In this paper, the issues of growing conditions for the growth and development of Colchicum autumnale l plant were deeply studied and investigated. It was revealed that the Colchicum autumnale l growth and development largely depend on the size of the corm and the type of soil conditions.

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Specialty cuts.

Cut flowers and foliages ◽

10.1079/9781789247602.0004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 191-223

Author(s):

John M. Dole

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Site Selection ◽

Support Systems ◽

Production Environment ◽

Plant Establishment ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Field Site ◽

The Impact

Abstract This chapter provides information on the impact of the production environment (greenhouse, tunnel and field), site selection, production and support systems, plant establishment, spacing, irrigation and weed control on the cultivation of specialty cut flowers.

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GS-9822, a Preclinical LEDGIN Candidate, Displays a Block-and-Lock Phenotype in Cell Culture

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.02328-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Anne Bruggemans ◽

Gerlinde Vansant ◽

Mini Balakrishnan ◽

Michael L. Mitchell ◽

Ruby Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Site Selection ◽

Integration Site ◽

Binding Pocket ◽

Epigenetic Landscape ◽

Functional Cure ◽

Cellular Cofactor ◽

Integration Sites ◽

First Time ◽

Hiv Integration ◽

Integration Site Selection

ABSTRACT The ability of HIV to integrate into the host genome and establish latent reservoirs is the main hurdle preventing an HIV cure. LEDGINs are small-molecule integrase inhibitors that target the binding pocket of LEDGF/p75, a cellular cofactor that substantially contributes to HIV integration site selection. They are potent antivirals that inhibit HIV integration and maturation. In addition, they retarget residual integrants away from transcription units and toward a more repressive chromatin environment. As a result, treatment with the LEDGIN CX14442 yielded residual provirus that proved more latent and more refractory to reactivation, supporting the use of LEDGINs as research tools to study HIV latency and a functional cure strategy. In this study, we compared GS-9822, a potent, preclinical lead compound, with CX14442 with respect to antiviral potency, integration site selection, latency, and reactivation. GS-9822 was more potent than CX14442 in most assays. For the first time, the combined effects on viral replication, integrase-LEDGF/p75 interaction, integration sites, epigenetic landscape, immediate latency, and latency reversal were demonstrated at nanomolar concentrations achievable in the clinic. GS-9822 profiles as a preclinical candidate for future functional cure research.

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Annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of guinea pig testis after unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100111094 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 196-197

Author(s):

J. Chakraborty ◽

A. P. Sinha Hikim ◽

J. S. Jhunjhunwala

Keyword(s):

Sertoli Cells ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Spermatic Cord ◽

Present Report ◽

Cell Types ◽

Annulate Lamellae ◽

Spermatogenic Cells ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Structural Details ◽

First Time

Although the presence of annulate lamellae was noted in many cell types, including the rat spermatogenic cells, this structure was never reported in the Sertoli cells of any rodent species. The present report is based on a part of our project on the effect of torsion of the spermatic cord to the contralateral testis. This paper describes for the first time, the fine structural details of the annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of damaged testis from guinea pigs.One side of the spermatic cord of each of six Hartly strain adult guinea pigs was surgically twisted (540°) under pentobarbital anesthesia (1). Four months after induction of torsion, animals were sacrificed, testes were excised and processed for the light and electron microscopic investigations. In the damaged testis, the majority of seminiferous tubule contained a layer of Sertoli cells with occasional spermatogonia (Fig. 1). Nuclei of these Sertoli cells were highly pleomorphic and contained small chromatinic clumps adjacent to the inner aspect of the nuclear envelope (Fig. 2).

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Electron spectroscopic imaging and diffraction

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100087847 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 706-707

Author(s):

M. Rühle ◽

J. Mayer ◽

J.C.H. Spence ◽

J. Bihr ◽

W. Probst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Materials Science ◽

Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽

Magnetic Filter ◽

Magnetic Imaging ◽

Illumination System ◽

Probe Size ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Fritz Haber ◽

Koehler Illumination ◽

First Time

A new Zeiss TEM with an imaging Omega filter is a fully digitized, side-entry, 120 kV TEM/STEM instrument for materials science. The machine possesses an Omega magnetic imaging energy filter (see Fig. 1) placed between the third and fourth projector lens. Lanio designed the filter and a prototype was built at the Fritz-Haber-Institut in Berlin, Germany. The imaging magnetic filter allows energy-filtered images or diffraction patterns to be recorded without scanning using efficient area detection. The energy dispersion at the exit slit (Fig. 1) results in ∼ 1.5 μm/eV which allows imaging with energy windows of ≤ 10 eV. The smallest probe size of the microscope is 1.6 nm and the Koehler illumination system is used for the first time in a TEM. Serial recording of EELS spectra with a resolution < 1 eV is possible. The digital control allows X,Y,Z coordinates and tilt settings to be stored and later recalled.

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A Novel TEM Technique for Characterizing As-Grown CVD Diamond Films

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100089093 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 956-957 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z.L. Wang ◽

J. Bentley ◽

R.E. Clausing ◽

L. Heatherly ◽

L.L. Horton

Keyword(s):

Diamond Films ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Growth Direction ◽

Dark Field ◽

Growth Surface ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

First Time ◽

Microstructural Studies

Microstructural studies by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) usually involve tedious specimen preparation. This process has been avoided with a technique that is described in this paper. For the first time, thick as-grown diamond films have been examined directly in a conventional TEM without thinning. With this technique, the important microstructures near the growth surface have been characterized. An as-grown diamond film was fractured on a plane containing the growth direction. It took about 5 min to prepare a sample. For TEM examination, the film was tilted about 30-45° (see Fig. 1). Microstructures of the diamond grains on the top edge of the growth face can be characterized directly by transmitted electron bright-field (BF) and dark-field (DF) images and diffraction patterns.

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A microscopic marker experiment study on high temperature oxidation of Ni-Al alloy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100144085 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 514-515

Author(s):

Shou-kong Fan

Keyword(s):

Transport Mechanism ◽

High Temperature Oxidation ◽

Transverse Section ◽

Al Alloy ◽

Metal Interface ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Temperature Oxidation ◽

Analytical Electron ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

First Time

Transmission and analytical electron microscopic studies of scale microstructures and microscopic marker experiments have been carried out in order to determine the transport mechanism in the oxidation of Ni-Al alloy. According to the classical theory, the oxidation of nickel takes place by transport of Ni cations across the scale forming new oxide at the scale/gas interface. Any markers deposited on the Ni surface are expected to remain at the scale/metal interface after oxidation. This investigation using TEM transverse section techniques and deposited microscopic markers shows a different result,which indicates that a considerable amount of oxygen was transported inward. This is the first time that such fine-scale markers have been coupled with high resolution characterization instruments such as TEM/STEM to provide detailed information about evolution of oxide scale microstructure.

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Direct imaging of charge transfer

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100165860 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 680-681

Author(s):

Yimei Zhu ◽

J. Tafto

Keyword(s):

Charge Transfer ◽

Electron Diffraction ◽

Scattering Amplitude ◽

High Temperature Superconductors ◽

Charge Carriers ◽

Image Charge ◽

Net Charge ◽

Long Time ◽

Electron Holes ◽

First Time

The electron holes confined to the CuO2-plane are the charge carriers in high-temperature superconductors, and thus, the distribution of charge plays a key role in determining their superconducting properties. While it has been known for a long time that in principle, electron diffraction at low angles is very sensitive to charge transfer, we, for the first time, show that under a proper TEM imaging condition, it is possible to directly image charge in crystals with a large unit cell. We apply this new way of studying charge distribution to the technologically important Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+δ superconductors.Charged particles interact with the electrostatic potential, and thus, for small scattering angles, the incident particle sees a nuclei that is screened by the electron cloud. Hence, the scattering amplitude mainly is determined by the net charge of the ion. Comparing with the high Z neutral Bi atom, we note that the scattering amplitude of the hole or an electron is larger at small scattering angles. This is in stark contrast to the displacements which contribute negligibly to the electron diffraction pattern at small angles because of the short g-vectors.

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