Differential effect of corn oil-based low trans structured fat on the plasma and hepatic lipid profile in an atherogenic mouse model: comparison to hydrogenated trans fat

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, has significant healthbenefits. Previous studies reported decreased levels of DHA and DHA-containing phosphatidylcholines inthe brain of animals suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, the most common type of dementia; furthermore,DHA supplementation has been found to improve brain DHA levels and memory efficiency in dementia. Oilextracted from the seeds of Plukenetia volubilis (green nut oil; GNO) is also expected to have DHA like effectsas it contains approximately 50% α-linolenic acid, a precursor of DHA. Despite this, changes in the spatialdistribution of DHA in the brain of animals with dementia following GNO or DHA supplementation remainunexplored. In this study, desorption electrospray ionization imaging mass spectrometry (DESI-IMS) wasapplied to observe the effects of GNO or DHA supplementation upon the distribution of DHA in the brain ofmale senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, a mouse model of dementia. DESI-IMS revealedthat brain DHA distribution increased 1.85-fold and 3.67-fold in GNO-fed and DHA-fed SAMP8 mice,respectively, compared to corn oil-fed SAMP8 mice. Memory efficiency in SAMP8 mice was also improvedby GNO or DHA supplementation. In summary, this study suggests the possibility of GNO or DHAsupplementation for the prevention of dementia.

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141 Diet supplementation alters oocyte lipid content and developmental competence in mares

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv33n2ab141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 178

Author(s):

G. Catandi ◽

J. Stokes ◽

L. Maclellan ◽

C. Broeckling ◽

E. Carnevale

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Developmental Competence ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Developmental Potential ◽

Diet Supplementation

The equine oocyte is dense in lipids, which may serve as an energy source for oocyte maturation and later embryonic development. However, the association between lipid content and fertility remains to be determined, as does the extent that diet can modify oocyte lipids. We hypothesised that diet supplementation can alter the oocyte lipid profile and subsequent developmental potential. In Study 1, we examined if oocyte triglyceride (TG) relative abundance was affected by dietary supplementation. Mares (16–22 years, n=9) were fed grass/alfalfa hay and supplemented daily with a combination of commercially available feed additives designed to promote equine wellness and fertility [Equine GI™ (147g daily), Potency® (28g daily), Motility Plus® (23g daily), Healthy Weight Oil (60mL daily), Platinum Performance Inc.]. Oocytes were collected from the mares before (PRE) and after ≥8 weeks (POST) of supplementation during the natural breeding season. In Study 2, we compared oocyte developmental potential after injection of sperm into oocytes obtained from mares supplemented for ≥8 weeks with the same additives (ADD, 18–24 yr, n=5) or from a similar group of mares supplemented with a grain control diet (450g of grain mix and 60ml of corn oil daily, GRN, 19–23 years, n=5). Oocytes were collected from dominant follicles (≥35mm) during oestrus and at 20±2 h after induction of follicular maturation. In Study 1, oocytes were denuded of cumulus cells after collection, snap frozen, and assessed for TG composition by nontargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using an Acquity UPLC system (Waters). In Study 2, recovered oocytes were placed in maturation medium for 22±2h before being injected with sperm from one stallion, and blastocyst formation was assessed in 7 or 8 days. A total of 100 annotated TG species were identified. Normalized peak areas for PRE and POST oocyte TG were compared using two-tailed, paired t-tests. Blastocyst development rates were compared by Fisher’s exact test. Relative abundance of 71 TG species differed (P ≤ 0.05) between PRE and POST; all TG species as well as total relative abundance of TG were higher in oocytes from PRE compared with POST. Blastocyst rates per sperm-injected oocyte were greater (P=0.03) for ADD (40%, 6/15) than for GRN (5%, 1/19). Dietary supplementation of the complex mix of nutrients to middle-aged and older mares resulted in reduced relative abundance of TG in oocytes and improved developmental potential. We determined that oocyte lipid content can be modified through diet. The extent that diet supplementation improved oocyte competence by altering the lipid profile is still to be determined.

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The prominent impairment of liver/intestinal cytochrome P450 and intestinal drug transporters in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury over acute and chronic renal ischemia, a mouse model comparison

Renal Failure ◽

10.1080/0886022x.2019.1602054 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 314-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Warumphon Sukkummee ◽

Patcharin Jittisak ◽

Piyanuch Wonganan ◽

Supeecha Wittayalertpanya ◽

Pajaree Chariyavilaskul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Model Comparison ◽

Drug Transporters ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Renal Ischemia

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Pigs Fed a Diet That Emulates the American Dietary Pattern Have Altered Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Plasma and Follicular Fluid Lipidomes (P08-036-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz044.p08-036-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Korry Hintze ◽

Lindsay Cox ◽

Robert Ward ◽

S Clay Isom

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Follicular Fluid ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Control Diet ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Hepatic Lipid ◽

Nutrient Density ◽

Lipid Metabolites

Abstract Objectives Previously we developed the Total Western Diet (TWD), a diet formulated by translating data from NHANES to a rodent diet using the concept of nutrient density. The TWD provides micro and macronutrients at the 50th percentile of daily American intake levels for both macro and micronutrients. To extend the model, the TWD for pigs was formulated and fed to pigs to determine the effects of the TWD on the plasma and follicular fluid (FF) lipidomes and the hepatic lipid profile. Methods Ten female, mature pigs were assigned to either the TWD (n = 5) or a control, low-fat commercial sow diet (n = 5). Pigs were fed for 12 weeks and allowed ad lib access to diets. Weights and food intake were measured weekly. Plasma and FF samples were collected at the end of the study to determine effects of treatment on the plasma and FF lipidomes as analyzed by LC-MS. Liver samples were also taken at the terminus of the study and the hepatic lipid profile was measured by GC-MS. Results Pigs fed the TWD gained significantly more weight, 92.8 ± 9.5 vs. 54.2 ± 11.2 kg (P < 0.001)and had an increased fasted blood glucose, 123.2 ± 13.7 vs 91.4 ± 7.9 mg/dl (P < 0.01) compared to control pigs. There were 23 plasma lipid metabolites that were significantly affected by dietary treatment (P < 0.05). Interestingly, out of that total, 14 of those were sphingomyelin species, which were all increased in the TWD fed pigs. Similarly, in the FF, eight lipid metabolites were significantly different between treatments, including four sphingomyelin species, which were all higher in the TWD fed pigs. Pigs fed the TWD had significantly more hepatic non-esterified fatty acids (P < 0.05) compared to controls. Moreover, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid was significantly higher in the triglyceride and free fatty acid lipid classes in pigs fed the TWD relative to pigs fed the control diet (P < 0.05). Conclusions These data demonstrate that some features of human metabolic syndrome are recapitulated in pigs fed a diet that emulates the American dietary pattern. Furthermore, these features are accompanied by changes to the plasma and FF lipidome, as well as the hepatic lipid profile in female pigs. These data suggest that sphingomyelin species in plasma and FF may be associated with overfeeding and metabolic syndrome. Funding Sources Utah State University SPARC Award and Utah Agricultural Experiment Station.

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