scholarly journals Effects of Grain Shape Genes Editing on Appearance Quality of Erect-Panicle Geng/Japonica Rice

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Mao ◽  
Mingdong Zhu ◽  
Zhonghua Sheng ◽  
Gaoneng Shao ◽  
Guiai Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Shape ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
Panicle Number

AbstractLong grain geng/japonica rice has a higher market preference due its excellent appearance quality. The dense and erect-panicle 1 (dep1) gene has been widely used in the breeding of high-yielding geng/japonica rice cultivars in China. However, this gene causes short and round grain shape thus making it less attractive in global rice markets. Therefore, breeding of high-yielding long-grain geng/japonica rice cultivars by incorporating dep1 with major-effect grain shape gene is of high priority in rice industry. Up to now, multiple grain shape genes’ effect mechanism has been clearly elaborated, however, under the background of erect-panicle geng/japonica rice, the effect of major grain shape genes on the appearance quality need to be further clarified, as detailed reports are limited. Utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 technology, a series of near-isogenic lines (NILs) (YF47dep1-gw8, YF47dep1-gs3, YF47dep1-gl7, YF47dep1-qgl3 and YF47dep1-tgw6) in Yanfeng 47(YF47dep1) background were created. Grain appearance and yield components analysis showed that: (1) All NILs’ grain length to width ratio was significantly increased compared to that of YF47dep1, excepted YF47dep1-gs3, (2) The chalkiness degree was significantly reduced in all of the NILs, (3) In all of the NILs, YF47dep1-gw8 grains exhibited the greatest length to width ratio and the lowest chalkiness degree, (4) The composition of glume cells and filling characteristics of the endosperm were two key factors contributing grain shape and grain chalk variations, respectively, and v) Owning to a substantial increase in the thousand grain weight, the yields of YF47dep1-gs3 and YF47dep1-tgw6 were significantly higher than that of YF47dep1, whereas YF47dep1-qgl3 exhibited the lowest yield because of a dramatic decrease in the effective panicle number and thousand grain weight. All the results revealed that pyramiding dep1 with major-effect grain shape alleles was an effective approach to improving the appearance quality of erect-panicle geng/japonica rice, owning to both of the appearance quality and yield improvement, GS3 and TGW6 alleles can be applied directly for breeding long-grain shape geng/japonica rice, and editing GW8 resulted in excellent appearance quality but low yield, therefore, this gene would be difficult to use directly but can be considered as the core germplasm resource.

scholarly journals Effects of Grain Shape Genes Editing on Appearance Quality of Erect-Panicle Geng/Japonica Rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Mao ◽  
Mingdong Zhu ◽  
Zhonghua Sheng ◽  
Gaoneng Shao ◽  
Guiai Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Shape ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
Panicle Number

Abstract Background Long grain geng/japonica rice has a higher market preference due its excellent appearance quality. The dense and erect-panicle 1 (dep1) gene has been widely used in the breeding of high-yielding geng/japonica rice cultivars in China. However, this gene causes short and round grain shape thus making it less attractive in global rice markets. Therefore, breeding of high-yielding long-grain geng/japonica rice cultivars by incorporating dep1 with major-effect grain shape gene is of high priority in rice industry. Up to now, multiple grain shape genes’ effect mechanism has been clearly elaborated, however, under the background of erect-panicle geng/japonica rice, the effect of major grain shape genes on the appearance quality need to be further clarified, as detailed reports are limited. Findings: Utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 technology, a series of near-isogenic lines (NILs) (YF47dep1-gw8, YF47dep1-gs3, YF47dep1-gl7, YF47dep1-qgl3 and YF47dep1-tgw6) in Yanfeng 47(YF47dep1) background were created. Grain appearance and yield components analysis showed that: i) All NILs’ grain length to width ratio was significantly increased compared to that of YF47dep1, excepted YF47dep1-gs3, ii) The chalkiness degree was significantly reduced in all of the NILs, iii) In all of the NILs, YF47dep1-gw8 grains exhibited the greatest length to width ratio and the lowest chalkiness degree, iv) The composition of glume cells and filling characteristics of the endosperm were two key factors contributing grain shape and grain chalk variations, respectively, and v) Owning to a substantial increase in the thousand grain weight, the yields of YF47dep1-gs3 and YF47dep1-tgw6 were significantly higher than that of YF47dep1, whereas YF47dep1-qgl3 exhibited the lowest yield because of a dramatic decrease in the effective panicle number and thousand grain weight. Conclusions All the results revealed that pyramiding dep1 with major-effect grain shape alleles was an effective approach to improving the appearance quality of erect-panicle geng/japonica rice, owning to both of the appearance quality and yield improvement, GS3 and TGW6 alleles can be applied directly for breeding long-grain shape geng/japonica rice, and editing GW8 resulted in excellent appearance quality but low yield, therefore, this gene would be difficult to use directly but can be considered as the core germplasm resource.

scholarly journals Comparison of grain yield and quality of different types of japonica rice cultivars in the northern Jiangsu plain, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2065-2076
Author(s):  
Jin-long BIAN ◽  
Gao-lei REN ◽  
Fang-fu XU ◽  
Hong-cheng ZHANG ◽  
Hai-yan WEI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

scholarly journals Genomic Regions Involved in Differences in Eating and Cooking Quality Other than Wx and Alk Genes between indica and japonica Rice Cultivars

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyosumi Hori ◽  
Keitaro Suzuki ◽  
Haruka Ishikawa ◽  
Yasunori Nonoue ◽  
Kazufumi Nagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Segments

Abstract Background In temperate rice cultivation regions, japonica rice cultivars are grown preferentially because consumers deem them to have good eating quality, whereas indica rice cultivars have high grain yields and strong heat tolerance but are considered to have poor eating quality. To mitigate the effects of global warming on rice production, it is important to develop novel rice cultivars with both desirable eating quality and resilience to high temperatures. Eating quality and agronomic traits were evaluated in a reciprocal set of chromosome segment substitution lines derived from crosses between a japonica rice cultivar ‘Koshihikari’ and an indica rice cultivar ‘Takanari’. Results We detected 112 QTLs for amylose and protein contents, whiteness, stickiness, hardness and eating quality of cooked rice grains. Almost of ‘Koshihikari’ chromosome segments consistently improved eating quality. Among detected QTLs, six QTLs on chromosomes 1–5 and 11 were detected that increased whiteness and stickiness of cooked grains or decreased their hardness for 3 years. The QTLs on chromosomes 2–4 were not associated with differences in amylose or protein contents. QTLs on chromosomes 1–5 did not coincide with QTLs for agronomic traits such as heading date, culm length, panicle length, spikelet fertility and grain yield. Genetic effects of the detected QTLs were confirmed in substitution lines carrying chromosome segments from five other indica cultivars in the ‘Koshihikari’ genetic background. Conclusion The detected QTLs were associated with differences in eating quality between indica and japonica rice cultivars. These QTLs appear to be widely distributed among indica cultivars and to be novel genetic factors for eating quality traits because their chromosome regions differed from those of the GBSSI (Wx) and SSIIa (Alk) genes. The detected QTLs would be very useful for improvement of eating quality of indica rice cultivars in breeding programs.

scholarly journals The Influence of Nitrogen Application Level on Eating Quality of the Two Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1663
Author(s):  
Xincheng Zhang ◽  
Liangbo Fu ◽  
Yishan Tu ◽  
Huifang Zhao ◽  
Liuhui Kuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
N Level ◽  
Great Yield ◽  
Negative Effect

Indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars show great yield potential but poor eating quality and require more nitrogen (N) input relative to japonica rice. However, the effect of N levels on the eating quality of indica-japonica hybrid rice is little known. A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of four N levels on two indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars (Yongyou12 and Yongyou17) differing in eating quality. The results showed that the contents of amylose chains and water-insoluble storage proteins, especially prolamin, increased largely under a high N level, leading to deterioration of the rice-eating quality, although a low N level (100 N kg/ha) had a less negative effect on the eating quality. Moreover, both of the indica-japonica hybrids had high ratios of inferior grains (IG), and the ratio of IG increased with the N level. Grain weight and the immature ratio of IG were reduced and increased with the N level, respectively, which are also factors for deterioration of the eating quality. The two cultivars differed greatly in the responses of eating quality to the N level, with Yongyou17 being more sensitive than Yongyou12. The current results indicated that a high N level deteriorates the eating quality of indica-japonica hybrid rice mainly due to a large increase of IG.

scholarly journals Yield, Grain Quality and Starch Physicochemical Properties of 2 Elite Thai Rice Cultivars Grown under Varying Production Systems and Soil Characteristics

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2601
Author(s):  
Wichian Sangwongchai ◽  
Kanitha Tananuwong ◽  
Kuakarun Krusong ◽  
Maysaya Thitisaksakul
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Average Chain Length ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Relative Crystallinity ◽  
Panicle Number

Rice production systems and soil characteristics play a crucial role in determining its yield and grain quality. Two elite Thai rice cultivars, namely, KDML105 and RD6, were cultivated in two production systems with distinct soil characteristics, including net-house pot production and open-field production. Under open-field system, KDML105 and RD6 had greater panicle number, total grain weight, 100-grain weight, grain size, and dimension than those grown in the net-house. The amounts of reducing sugar and long amylopectin branch chains (DP 25–36) of the RD6 grains along with the amounts of long branch chains (DP 25–36 and DP ≥ 37), A-type starch granules, and average chain length of the KDML105 were substantially enhanced by the open-field cultivation. Contrastingly, the relative crystallinity of RD6 starch and the amounts of short branch chains (DP 6–12 and DP 13–24), B- and C-type granules, and median granule size of KDML105 starch were significantly suppressed. Consequently, the open-field-grown RD6 starch displayed significant changes in its gelatinization and retrogradation properties, whereas, certain retrogradation parameters and peak viscosity (PV) of KDML105 starches were differentially affected by the distinct cultivating conditions. This study demonstrated the influences of production systems and soil characteristics on the physicochemical properties of rice starches.

Changes in mineral elements and starch quality of grains during the improvement of japonica rice cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Chao Yu ◽  
Danping Hou ◽  
Hailang Liu ◽  
Huiting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Starch Quality

Research on Rice Detection Technology Based on Machine Vision

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 1788-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Fu Xu ◽  
Liang Qi Zhu ◽  
Xiao Yan Shi ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Can Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Manual Measurement ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
Accurate Detection ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Detection Effect

Detection of rice kernel domestic mainly rely on manual measurement using a ruler or vernier caliper tool, which use the ruler measurement of human error, and the measurement of the twisted grain rice vernier caliper is limited. Manual measurement are difficult problems, but also low efficiency. This study analyzes the current research on appearance quality of rice by using machine vision technology mainly focuses on the aspects of rice kernel, chalkiness, yellow rice and other characteristics, realized the accurate detection and obtain rice information quickly by using the machine vision technology, improves the speed and precision of detection, especially detection effect the grain shape distortions.

scholarly journals Improvement of Genetic Purity of Breeder Seed by Introducing Line Cultivation Method for Myanmar’s Major Rice Cultivars

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Fujii ◽  
Yoshiyuki Yamagata ◽  
Tin Tin Myint ◽  
Yasufumi Kunihiro ◽  
Yuji Matsue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Variance Component ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Component Ratio ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Genetic Purity ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Breeder Seed

Aims: Since the genetic purity of rice seed significantly affects paddy yield and quality, many rice production countries have been attempting to improve seed quality. This study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of breeder seed production using line cultivation to ensure traceability of ancestral information by line and individual selection, to improve the genetic purity of breeder seed in Myanmar that has been degraded due to pedigree mixtures. Study Design: Observational and analytic study design was used to evaluate the effect of the introduction of line cultivation method in practical activities of breeder seed production in Myanmar under the project for improvement of seed purity of breeder seed. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agricultural Research at Yezin, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Myanmar, from June 2012 to December 2016. Methodology: Using nine major rice cultivars in Myanmar, the line cultivation method was evaluated through measurement of the standard deviation and the variance component ratio in heading date, culm length, panicle length, and panicle number from 2012 to 2016. DNA polymorphism analysis by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was also conducted using breeder seed of the Sinthukha variety multiplied in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 for the evaluation. Results: Standard deviations of heading date, culm length, panicle length and panicle number in 2016 were significantly decreased compared to the first year of the introduction of the line cultivation method. Average heading duration among sister lines of all varieties was reduced from 8.25 days in 2013 to 5.25 days in 2016, and the uniformity of heading time among sister lines was improved. The variance component ratio of each trait in 2016 was the highest since 2013. The analysis of breeder seed by SSR markers revealed that the DNA polymorphism ratio of Sinthukha seed in 2016 was lower than that of 2013. This demonstrated that Sinthukha seed in 2016 had improved genetic purity. Consequently, it is considered that other cultivars multiplied by the line cultivation method have improved their genetic purity as well. Conclusion: Line cultivation is an effective method to improve genetic purity and maintain genetic stability of the breeder seed in Myanmar’s rice cultivars. Genetically pure breeder seed would improve quality of downstream seed such as certified seed. Consequently, it is expected that productivity and quality of rice will be improved thus income of farmers will increase.

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