Cold stress in the harvest period: effects on tobacco leaf quality and curing characteristics

Abstract Background Weather change in high-altitude areas subjects mature tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to cold stress, which damages tobacco leaf yield and quality. A brupt diurnal temperature differences (the daily temperature dropping more than 20 °C) along with rainfall in tobacco-growing areas at an altitude above 2450 m, caused cold stress to field-grown tobacco. Results After the flue-cured tobacco suffered cold stress in the field, the surface color of tobacco leaves changed and obvious large browning areas were appeared, and the curing availability was extremely poor. Further research found the quality of fresh tobacco leaves, the content of key chemical components, and the production quality were greatly reduced by cold stress. We hypothesize that cold stress in high altitude environments destroyed the antioxidant enzyme system of mature flue-cured tobacco. Therefore, the quality of fresh tobacco leaves, the content of key chemical components, and the production quality were greatly reduced by cold stress. Conclusion This study confirmed that cold stress in high-altitude tobacco areas was the main reason for the browning of tobacco leaves during the tobacco curing process. This adverse environment seriously damaged the quality of tobacco leaves, but can be mitigated by pay attention to the weather forecast and pick tobacco leaves in advance.

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The Effects of the Field Cold Stress in the Harvest Period on the Quality and Curing Characteristics of Tobacco Leaves

10.21203/rs.3.rs-117875/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Li ◽

Ke Ren ◽

Mengyang Hu ◽

Xian He ◽

Kaiyuan Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cold Stress ◽

High Altitude ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Enzyme System ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Tobacco Leaves ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽

Mature Period ◽

Dark Green

Abstract Background: Climate change in high-altitude areas causes tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in its mature period to be subjected to cold stress, which damages the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. We found that abrupt diurnal temperature difference (the daily temperature drops more than 20℃), along with rainfall occurred in the tobacco-growing areas at an altitude above 2450 m, which caused cold stress to tobacco in field. Results: The change process of the surface color of tobacco leaves was normal to dark green (within 1 to 2 d), to purple red (within 2 to 3 d), then dark red (within 3 to 4 d), and finally off-white (within 4 to 6 d), the final leaves appear obvious large areas browning, and the curing availability was extremely poor. Further research found the quality of fresh tobacco leaves, the content of key chemical components, and the quality of production are greatly reduced by cold stress. The reason was cold stress in high altitude environment destroyed the antioxidant enzyme system of mature flue-cured tobacco. Cold stress in high altitude environment destroyed the antioxidant enzyme system of mature flue-cured tobacco. The quality of fresh tobacco leaves, the content of key chemical components, and the quality of production are greatly reduced by cold stress.Conclusion: In conclusion, this study confirmed that the field cold stress in high-altitude tobacco areas was the main reason for the obvious browning tobacco leaves during the tobacco curing process. This adversity environment seriously damaged the quality of tobacco leaves.

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Stability Analysis of Chemical Quality of Tobacco Leaves in Honghe Prefecture of Yunnan Province

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201913101093 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 131 ◽

pp. 01093

Author(s):

Tiyuan Xia ◽

Zuoxin Tang ◽

Zebin Chen ◽

Zhen Ren ◽

Qinghua Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sugar Content ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Chlorine Content ◽

Chemical Quality ◽

Leaf Quality ◽

Tobacco Leaves ◽

Tobacco Leaf ◽

The Difference ◽

The Stability

To comprehensively analyze the stability of the chemical quality of tobacco leaf in Honghe State, and to provide a basis for finding ways to narrow the difference between tobacco leaf quality in Honghe State and maintaining the stability of the quality of tobacco leaves in the tobacco producing area. Statistics were used to analyze the annual stability of Honghe tobacco leaves and the stability of the tobacco planting range from 2014 to 2017. The chemical quality of Honghe tobacco leaves was not stable in different years, the total sugar and reduced sugar content showed the trend of decreasing year by year, in addition, the potassium and chlorine content of the tobacco leaves in this tobacco planting area had been at a low level for four consecutive years. In 2014 - 2017, the total sugar, reduced sugar and chlorine content of the tobacco leaves in Honghe State were all relatively small, while the variation coefficient values of nicotine and potassium content in tobacco leaves were large, while the chlorine content in tobacco leaves was extremely unstable between years. For four consecutive years, the chemical quality of tobacco leaves in seven tobacco - planting counties and cities in Honghe State was significant. The chemical quality of tobacco leaves in Honghe State was unstable between different counties and cities.

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Implementasi Metode Feature Extraction pada Klasifikasi Kualitas Daun Tembakau Madura

Rekayasa ◽

10.21107/rekayasa.v10i2.3607 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Kunto Aji Wibisono ◽

Achmad Fiqhi Ibadillah

Keyword(s):

Economic Value ◽

Raw Material ◽

Grading System ◽

Leaf Quality ◽

Tobacco Leaf ◽

Quality Detection ◽

Quality Classification ◽

Accuracy Level

Madura merupakan salah satu daerah penghasil tembakau di Indonseia. Tembakau Madura merupakan jenis komoditi perkebunan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi. Sebagian besar tembakau madura diserap oleh pabrik rokok sebagai bahan baku utama rokok maupun sebagai racikan atau campuran kretek. Secara umum tembakau Madura sendiri dibagi menjadi tiga bagian: tembakau gunung, tembakau tegal, dan tembakau sawah. Jenis tembakau gunung adalah yang paling diburu oleh pabrik rokok, meski produktivitasnya terbilang sangat rendah dibanding tembakau sawah. Terdapat banyak jenis varietas tembakau gunung yang ditanam petani di Madura, namun yang memiliki karakteristik khas adalah tembaku Prancak – 95. Hal ini disebabkan <a href="http://global-news.co.id/2016/04/tembakau-varietas-prancak-95-madura-diam-diam-dikembangkan-tiongkok/">Aroma tembakau Prancak-95 Madura tidak bisa ditiru oleh</a> jenis varietas tembaku lain di Indonesia. Hal lain yang membedakan yaitu terjadi karena kontur atau struktur tanah Madura yang memang khas, yang merupakan kelebihan dari tembakau Madura.Pada penelitian ini didesain sebuah sistem gradding untuk mendeteksi kualitas tembakau Prancak – 95 madura. Deteksi kualitas daun tembakau ini didasarkan pada dua ekstraksi fitur yaitu tekstur dan aromatik. Berdasarkan kedua fitur tersebut nantinya akan diklasifikasikan dengan menggunakan standard kualifikasi SNI. Sehingga level akurasi deteksi kualitas daun tembakau Madura menjadi lebih optimalKata Kunci: Image extraction, Sensor Gas, Tembakau Madura.Implementation of Feature Image Extraction on Quality Classification of Maduraness TobaccoABSTRACTMadura is one of the tobacco producing areas in Indonesian. Madura tobacco is a type of plantation commodity that has high economic value. Most tobacco Madura is absorbed by cigarette manufacturers as the main raw material of cigarettes as well as as a concoction or clove mixture. In general Madura tobacco itself is divided into three parts: mountain tobacco, tobacco tegal, and tobacco sawah. Types of mountain tobacco are the most hunted by cigarette manufacturers, although the productivity is very low compared to tobacco. There are many types of varieties of mountain tobacco grown by farmers in Madura, but which has a distinctive characteristic is the Prancak-95 tobacco. This is because the Prancak-95 Madura tobacco aroma cannot be imitated by other types of copious varieties in Indonesia. Another thing that distinguishes that occurs due to the contour or structure of Madura land that is typical, which is the advantage of Madura tobacco. In this study designed a grading system to detect the quality of Prancak tobacco - 95 madura. The tobacco leaf quality detection is based on two feature extractions, namely texture and aromatics. Based on these two features will be classified using SNI qualification standards. So that the accuracy level of Madura tobacco leaf quality detection becomes more optimalKeywords: Image extraction, Gas Sensor, Maduraness Tobacco

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The effect of manganese on tobacco leaf quality and on the inorganic cation levels of tobacco

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9700118 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 10 (42) ◽

pp. 118 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

AD Johnson ◽

RW Knowlton

Keyword(s):

Nicotiana Tabacum ◽

Calcium Concentration ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Manganese Content ◽

Tobacco Plants ◽

Leaf Quality ◽

Tobacco Leaf ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Inorganic Cation

In a series of field and pot experiments, quality of cured leaf of tobacco plants Nicotiana tabacum, was adversely affected by increasing leaf levels of manganese. The quality decline manifested itself as a leaf 'greying' effect. Leaf manganese concentrations were readily increased by either foliar or substrate application of manganese. The increase in leaf manganese content was associated with a significant increase in potassium concentration and a significant decrease in calcium concentration in leaves. Sodium and magnesium leaf concentrations were not greatly affected by manganese. It is suggested that the decline in cured leaf quality was associated primarily with a change in the K : Ca : Mg ratio, which occurred at relatively low concentrations of manganese in the leaves. The results of this investigation indicate that the use of manganese-based fungicide sprays could cause a further quality decline of tobacco produced on soils containing high levels of exchangeable manganese.

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Method for Grade Identification of Tobacco Based on Machine Vision

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.12627 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 1487-1495

Author(s):

Yan He ◽

Haijun Wang ◽

Shiping Zhu ◽

Tao Zeng ◽

Zhenzhen Zhuang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pattern Recognition ◽

Machine Vision ◽

Recognition Algorithm ◽

Identification System ◽

Tobacco Leaves ◽

Tobacco Leaf ◽

Fuzzy Pattern Recognition ◽

Fuzzy Pattern ◽

Model Set

Abstract. Tobacco grading is the first step in the transfer of tobacco leaves from agricultural products to commodities and is key to determining the quality of tobacco. Manual grading is conventionally used for tobacco grading. However, it is time-consuming, expensive, and may require specialized labor. To overcome these limitations, a method for grade identification of tobacco leaves based on machine vision is proposed in this article. Based on a fuzzy pattern recognition algorithm, the tobacco leaf samples of the model set and prediction set could be classified by extracting appearance characteristics of the tobacco leaves. The identification system for tobacco leaves based on fuzzy pattern recognition was developed in MATLAB. The rate of correct grading was 85.81% and 80.23% for the modeling set and prediction set, respectively. This result shows that machine vision based automatic tobacco grading has a great advantage over manual grading, and this method can be explored for viable commercial use. Keywords: Fuzzy pattern recognition, Grade identification, Machine vision, Tobacco leaf.

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Climatic factors determine the yield and quality of Honghe flue-cured tobacco

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-76919-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zuoxin Tang ◽

Lulu Chen ◽

Zebin Chen ◽

Yali Fu ◽

Xiaolu Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climatic Factors ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Chemical Component ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Tobacco Leaves ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Soil Clay ◽

Supply Capacity

AbstractFlue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a major cash crop in Yunnan, China, and the yield, chemical components, and their proportions decide the quality of tobacco leaves. To understand the effects of environmental factors (soil and climatic factors) on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and determine the main regulating factors, we selected three flue-cured tobacco cultivars [K326, Yunyan87 (Yun87), and Honghuadajinyuan (Hongda)] grown in the Honghe Tobacco Zone. Indices related to yield and economic traits, chemical component properties, soil physical and chemical properties, and climatic factors at different planting sites, were evaluated. We used variance analysis, correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis (RDA) in this study. The results showed that the yield and chemical component properties of flue-cured tobacco, except for the number of left leaves and plant total sugar (PTS) content, were significantly correlated with climatic factors. Particularly, the yield increased in drier and sunnier weather. In terms of the carbon supply capacity, PTS, petroleum ether (PPE), and starch contents (PS) were higher under high-altitude and high-latitude climatic conditions, whereas for the nitrogen supply capacity, plant nitrogen (PTN) and nicotine (PN) contents improved under low-altitude and low-latitude climatic conditions. PTS, reducing sugar (PRS), potassium (PTK), chlorine (PCL), and PPE contents were negatively related to soil clay content, soil pH, and soil organic matter, whereas PRS and PTK contents were positively correlated with alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN). According to RDA, the soil clay, AN, available phosphorus (AP), and soil chlorine content (SCL) strongly affected the quality of flue-cured tobacco. The quality of the K326 and Yun87 cultivars was mostly influenced by moisture, whereas the quality of the Hongda cultivar was mostly affected by temperature. In conclusion, compared with soil properties, climatic factors more significantly affect the yield and quality of Honghe flue-cured tobacco leaves.

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Optical Monitoring of the Production Quality of Si-Nanoribbon Chips Intended for the Detection of ASD-Associated Oligonucleotides

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12020147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

Kristina A. Malsagova ◽

Tatyana O. Pleshakova ◽

Vladimir P. Popov ◽

Igor N. Kupriyanov ◽

Rafael A. Galiullin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Quality ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Covalent Immobilization ◽

Biological Macromolecules ◽

Label Free ◽

Raman Scattering Spectroscopy ◽

Dna Oligonucleotides ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Highly Sensitive Detection

Gas-phase etching and optical lithography were employed for the fabrication of a silicon nanoribbon chip (Si-NR chip). The quality of the so-fabricated silicon nanoribbons (Si-NRs) was monitored by optical Raman scattering spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that the structures of the Si-NRs were virtually defect-free, meaning they could be used for highly sensitive detection of biological macromolecules. The Si-NR chips were then used for the highly sensitive nanoelectronics detection of DNA oligonucleotides (oDNAs), which represent synthetic analogs of 106a-5p microRNA (miR-106a-5p), associated with the development of autism spectrum disorders in children. The specificity of the analysis was attained by the sensitization of the Si-NR chip sur-face by covalent immobilization of oDNA probes, whose nucleotide sequence was complementary to the known sequence of miR-106a-5p. The use of the Si-NR chip was demonstrated to al-low for the rapid label-free real-time detection of oDNA at ultra-low (~10−17 M) concentrations.

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Effect of Methyl Jasmonate, Cytokinin, and Lavender Oil on Antioxidant Enzyme System of Apricot Fruit (Prunus armeniaca L.)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158565 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8565

Author(s):

Seyda Cavusoglu ◽

Nurettin Yilmaz ◽

Firat Islek ◽

Onur Tekin ◽

Halil Ibrahim Sagbas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Prunus Armeniaca ◽

Lavender Oil ◽

Defense Systems ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽

Prunus Armeniaca L ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽

And Storage

Various treatments are carried out in order to extend both the shelf life and storage life of fresh fruit and vegetables after harvest and among them non-toxic for humans, environmentally and economically friendly alternative treatments are gained more importance. In the current study, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), cytokinin, and lavender oil which are eco-friendly and safe for human health were applied on apricot fruit. The treated fruit were stored at 0 °C and 90–95% relative humidity for 25 days and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation of apricots after treatments were studied. According to the findings obtained from the study, it was observed that 5 ppm cytokinin and 1000 ppm lavender oil treatments of apricot fruit gave better APX and CAT enzyme activity, respectively. In addition, better SOD enzyme activity in fruit was obtained with MeJA+lavender oil treatments. As a result, it can be emphasized that the product quality of apricot fruit is preserved as both the eco-friendly application of MeJA, cytokinin, and lavender oil separately from each other and the treatment of combinations between these compounds activate the enzymatic antioxidant defense systems of apricot fruit after harvest.

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FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS OF ADAPTATION TO HYPOXIC COLD-STRESS IN HIGH-ALTITUDE DEER MICE: TRANSCRIPTOMIC PLASTICITY AND THERMOGENIC PERFORMANCE

Evolution ◽

10.1111/evo.12257 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 48-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Zachary A. Cheviron ◽

Alex D. Connaty ◽

Grant B. McClelland ◽

Jay F. Storz

Keyword(s):

Cold Stress ◽

Functional Genomics ◽

High Altitude ◽

Deer Mice

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Ultraviolet Transparency of Plastic Films Determines the Quality of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Grown in a Greenhouse

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 358

Author(s):

Deissy Giovanna Quintero-Arias ◽

John Fabio Acuña-Caita ◽

Carlos Asensio ◽

Juan Luis Valenzuela

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

High Altitude ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Yield Component ◽

Plastic Film ◽

Area Index ◽

Plastic Films ◽

High Solar Radiation ◽

Cycle Growth

The quality of red lettuce is based on the content of anthocyanin pigments, and the content of these pigments increases when the plant receives ultraviolet radiation. Lettuce crops are increasingly being grown in greenhouses to provide better quality fresh lettuce; however, both quality and productivity are affected by the type of cover used. The effects of UV-transparent and UV-blocking plastic films on the growth and quality of three lettuce cultivars (‘Casabella’ and ‘Vera’, which are both green leaf, and ‘Lollo Rosso’, which is red leaf) were investigated. The crop was cultivated at an altitude of 2576 m a.s.l. to naturally expose it to high ultraviolet radiation. The height and diameter of plants, fresh and dry weight, leaf area index, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf colour were determined throughout the crop cycle. Growth characteristics were not significantly influenced by the plastic film in all cultivars, probably due to the high altitude and the high solar radiation received. The UV-transparent film could increase the red colour in ‘Lollo Rosso’, and a higher commercial quality was achieved. No effect of the plastic film on the yield component was observed in the ‘Casabella’ and ‘Vera’ cultivars. The findings of this study provide guidance on what cultivar and plastic film must be used in high-altitude areas where the solar and UV radiation is high.

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