Mental well-being and job satisfaction among general practitioners: a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Denmark

Well-being is a major issue among health care professionals, especially physicians. Less job satisfaction and impaired health can have an impact on health care quality. Our aim was to examine the association of stressors (illegitimate tasks) and health related resources (work-related sense of coherence; recovery experience) with life satisfaction, happiness, job satisfaction and burnout among German general practitioners (GPs). We conducted a cross-sectional survey among general medical practices in Germany. Main outcome measures were life satisfaction, happiness (Subjective Happiness Scale), job satisfaction (Work Satisfaction Scale) and burnout (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory). 548 GPs from across Germany participated (53.6% males, 45.6% females; mostly representative of German GPs). One third (35.2%) of the participants reported a high prevalence of personal, and one quarter (26.5%) indicated a high prevalence of work-related burnout symptoms. Illegitimate tasks are negatively associated with life and job satisfaction and are positively associated with personal, work-related and patient-related burnout among GPs. Work-SoC and recovery experience are positively associated with life satisfaction, happiness, and job satisfaction and are negatively associated with personal, work-related and patient-related burnout. Female physicians have a higher job satisfaction than male physicians. Being female and working as an employed physician is associated with a higher prevalence of personal burnout symptoms. GPs working in a group practice are happier and more satisfied with their job than GPs in single practices. Personal, work-related and patient-related burnout symptoms are stronger in GPs working in a single practice than in GPs in group practices. Our results highlight that Work-SoC, recovery experience and illegitimate tasks are important for creating work-related well-being among GPs. Introducing health promotion activities which aim to strengthen recovery experience and Work-SoC, as well as interventions to restructure tasks, may increase life satisfaction, happiness, and job satisfaction and reduce burnout symptoms in this health care profession.

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Job satisfaction of general practitioners: a cross-sectional survey in 34 countries

Human Resources for Health ◽

10.1186/s12960-021-00604-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emiel J. Stobbe ◽

Peter P. Groenewegen ◽

Willemijn Schäfer

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Health System ◽

General Practitioners ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Multilevel Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

System Characteristics

Abstract Background Job satisfaction of general practitioners (GPs) is important because of the consequences of low satisfaction for GPs, their patients and the health system, such as higher turnover, health problems for the physicians themselves, less satisfied patients, poor clinical outcomes and suboptimal health care delivery. In this study, we aim to explain differences in the job satisfaction of GPs within and between countries. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data, collected between 2010 and 2012 on 7379 GPs in 34 (mostly European) countries, as well as data on country and health system characteristics from public databases. Job satisfaction is measured through a composite score of six items about self-reported job experience. Operationalisation of the theoretical constructs includes variables, such as the range of services GPs provide, working hours, employment status, and feedback from colleagues. Data were analysed using linear multilevel regression analysis, with countries and GPs as levels. We developed hypotheses on the basis of the Social Production Function Theory, assuming that GPs ‘produce’ job satisfaction through stimulating work that provides a certain level of comfort, adds to their social status and provides behavioural confirmation. Results Job satisfaction varies between GPs and countries, with high satisfaction in Denmark and Canada (on average 2.97 and 2.77 on a scale from 1–4, respectively) and low job satisfaction in Spain (mean 2.15) and Hungary (mean 2.17). One-third of the total variance is situated on the country level, indicating large differences between countries, and countries with a higher GDP per capita have more satisfied GPs. Health system characteristics are not related to GP job satisfaction. At the GP and practice level, performing technical procedures and providing preventive care, feedback from colleagues, and patient satisfaction are positively related to GP job satisfaction and working more hours is negatively related GP job satisfaction. Conclusion Overall and in terms of our theoretical approach, we found that GPs are able to ‘produce’ work-related well-being through activities and resources related to stimulation, comfort and behavioural confirmation, but not to status.

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Examining police officers’ perceptions of stress: the role of Person−environment fit

Policing An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management ◽

10.1108/pijpsm-02-2021-0034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Rachael Rief ◽

Samantha Clinkinbeard

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Police Officers ◽

Well Being ◽

Work Outcomes ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Organizational Fit ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

The Relationship ◽

Overall Job Satisfaction

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between officer perceptions of fit in their organization and stress (organizational and operational), overall job satisfaction and turnover contemplation (within the last 6 months).Design/methodology/approachThe authors used cross-sectional survey data from a sample of 832 officers from two Midwest police departments to examine the relationships between fit, stress and work-related attitudes.FindingsPerceived stress and organizational fit were strong predictors of overall job satisfaction and turnover contemplation; organizational fit accounted for the most variation in stress, satisfaction and turnover contemplation. Organizational stress partially mediated the relationship between organizational fit and job satisfaction and organizational fit and turnover contemplation.Research ImplicationsMore research is needed to identify predictors of organizational fit perceptions among police officers.Practical implicationsFindings indicate that agencies should pay close attention to the organizational culture and structure when trying to address issues of officer well-being and retention. Further, the person−environment framework can be a useful tool in examining police occupational outcomes.Originality/valueThe authors findings contribute to research on officer stress by exploring perceptions of organizational fit as a predictor of stress and unpacking how officer stress matters to important work outcomes, including job satisfaction and thoughts of turnover, by considering stress as a mediator between organizational fit and these work outcomes.

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Internet addiction and mental well-being among secondary school students in a Malaysian district: A cross-sectional survey

Journal of Clinical Psychiatry ◽

10.5505/kpd.2020.72623 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Secondary School ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Secondary School Students ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mental Well Being

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Mental well-being, job satisfaction and self-rated workability in general practitioners and hospitalisations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions among listed patients: a cohort study combining survey data on GPs and register data on patients

BMJ Quality & Safety ◽

10.1136/bmjqs-2018-009039 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. bmjqs-2018-009039

Author(s):

Karen Busk Nørøxe ◽

Anette Fischer Pedersen ◽

Anders Helles Carlsen ◽

Flemming Bro ◽

Peter Vedsted

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Ambulatory Care ◽

General Practitioners ◽

Well Being ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions ◽

Combining Data ◽

Mental Well Being ◽

Ambulatory Care Sensitive ◽

Sensitive Conditions

BackgroundPhysicians’ work conditions and mental well-being may affect healthcare quality and efficacy. Yet the effects on objective measures of healthcare performance remain understudied. This study examined mental well-being, job satisfaction and self-rated workability in general practitioners (GPs) in relation to hospitalisations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC-Hs), a register-based quality indicator affected by referral threshold and prevention efforts in primary care.MethodsThis is an observational study combining data from national registers and a nationwide questionnaire survey among Danish GPs. To ensure precise linkage of each patient with a specific GP, partnership practices were not included. Study cases were 461 376 adult patients listed with 392 GPs. Associations between hospitalisations in the 6-month study period and selected well-being indicators were estimated at the individual patient level and adjusted for GP gender and seniority, list size, and patient factors (comorbidity, sociodemographic characteristics).ResultsThe median number of ACSC-Hs per 1000 listed patients was 10.2 (interquartile interval: 7.0–13.7). All well-being indicators were inversely associated with ACSC-Hs, except for perceived stress (not associated). The adjusted incidence rate ratio was 1.26 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.42) for patients listed with GPs in the least favourable category of self-rated workability, and 1.19 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.35), 1.15 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.27) and 1.14 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.27) for patients listed with GPs in the least favourable categories of burn-out, job satisfaction and general well-being (the most favourable categories used as reference). Hospitalisations for conditions not classified as ambulatory care sensitive were not equally associated.ConclusionsACSC-H frequency increased with decreasing levels of GP mental well-being, job satisfaction and self-rated workability. These findings imply that GPs’ work conditions and mental well-being may have important implications for individual patients and for healthcare expenditures.

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Job Satisfaction and Subjective Well‐Being Among Midwives: Analysis of a Multinational Cross‐Sectional Survey

Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health ◽

10.1111/jmwh.12516 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 180-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Darja Jarosova ◽

Elena Gurkova ◽

Katarina Ziakova ◽

Daniela Nedvedova ◽

Alvisa Palese ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

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The effect of COVID-19 on mental well-being in Switzerland: a cross-sectional survey of the adult Swiss general population

BMC Family Practice ◽

10.1186/s12875-021-01532-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Laura Diaz Hernandez ◽

Stéphanie Giezendanner ◽

Roland Fischer ◽

Andreas Zeller

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

At Risk ◽

Online Survey ◽

Well Being ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Concerns ◽

Mental Health Concerns ◽

Mental Well Being

Abstract Background In addition to the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic to physical health, mental health is challenged by the emotional response to the situation and the official measures taken to stop the pandemic. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of impaired mental well-being due to COVID-19 and explore associated factors. Methods The study was an observational, population-based, nationwide, cross-sectional online survey of a representative sample of the general Swiss population performed between March and April 2020. Participants reported on mental well-being, self-isolation/quarantine, their risk for developing severe COVID-19, and their work situation. Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed risk factors for impaired mental well-being due to the pandemic. Results Data from 1022 individuals were analysed. The median age was 44 years (range 18 to 78) and 49% were women. A third of respondents reported that the COVID-19 pandemic impaired their mental well-being and almost half reported specific mental health concerns. Impaired mental well-being was associated with having health problems (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.29–2.74, vs no problems), being or living with someone at risk for severe COVID-19 (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1–1.9,), smoking (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.24–2.61), living in urban residential environments (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.13–2.32, vs rural), not being able to work due to closed workplace (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.04–2.67), aged between 18 and 29 years old (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.32–3.01, vs 45 to 59 years old), and living in a single household (living with someone, OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.44–0.97,vs single household). Overall, the most significant covariates of impaired mental well-being were specific mental health concerns: feeling depressed (OR = 7.21, 95% CI: 4.5–11.55), feeling less pleasure in doing things than before (OR = 6.28, 95% CI: 4.1–9.62), feeling anxious (OR = 6.13, 95% CI: 3.91–9.59) and feeling lonely (OR = 4.08, 95% CI: 2.53–6.58). Conclusion Impaired mental well-being can carry long-term consequences. We encourage policymakers to implement strategies to promote mental health during this pandemic situation. Special attention should be addressed to the youngest, those at risk for severe COVID-19 and those with government-imposed work restrictions.

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“I Don’t Feel Like the Odd One”: Utilizing Content Analysis to Compare the Effects of Social Media Use on Well-Being Among Sexual Minority and Nonminority US Young Adults

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117119885517 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 285-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

César Escobar-Viera ◽

Ariel Shensa ◽

Megan Hamm ◽

Eleanna M. Melcher ◽

Daniel I. Rzewnicki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Social Media ◽

Real Life ◽

Well Being ◽

National Sample ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Bisexual ◽

Mental Well Being

Purpose: Although there is evidence of associations between social media (SM) use and mental well-being among the general population, these associations among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons are poorly understood. This study compared the influence of SM experiences on mental well-being between LGB and non-LGB persons. Design and Setting: Online cross-sectional survey. Participants: National sample of 2408 US adults aged 18 to 30 years. Method: We asked participants to provide examples of when SM affected their well-being separately in good and bad ways. We coded, summed, and used rate ratios (RRs) to compare responses of LGB and non-LGB individuals. Thematically similar codes were described and grouped into categories. Results: Most responses described positive SM effects. However, of 6 codes that were significantly more frequent among LGB respondents, only social capital (RR = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-2.12) described a positive effect. Five codes described negative effects of SM for LGB users: negative emotional contagion (RR = 1.28, 95% CI, 1.04-1.58), comparison with others (RR = 1.28, 95% CI, 1.01-1.62), real-life repercussions (RR = 1.86, 95% CI, 1.18-2.94), envy (RR = 2.49, 95% CI, 1.48-4.19), and need for profile management (RR = 2.32, 95% CI, 1.07-5.03). Conclusion: These findings suggest that, for LGB persons, gaining social capital from SM is valuable for establishing and maintaining connections. Increased negative SM experiences may pose a risk for the mental well-being of LGB individuals.

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Breast-feeding and maternal mental well-being among Bangladeshi and Pakistani women in north-east England

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980007000912 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 486-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sayeda Z Noor ◽

Emily K Rousham

Keyword(s):

Infant Feeding ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North East ◽

Pakistani Women ◽

Mental Well Being ◽

Breast Fed

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the relationship between infant feeding and maternal mental well-being among women of Bangladeshi and Pakistani ethnicity; and to explore the sources of advice, information and support available to women before and after childbirth.DesignA cross-sectional survey of infant feeding and maternal well-being via structured interviews conducted in the home.SettingHome visits within two inner-city wards of Newcastle upon Tyne.SubjectsEighty-six women of South Asian ethnicity.ResultsEnjoyment of everyday activities was higher among women who breast-fed only (P = 0.028); whereas feeling sad or crying during pregnancy was lower among breast-feeding women (P = 0.005), as was not sleeping well (P = 0.003) and feeling that everything was too much (P = 0.039), compared with women who used formula or mixed feeding. Women who breast-fed only had better mean mood scores than those who formula-fed or those who both breast-fed and formula-fed (P < 0.001). Mean mood responses were also significantly associated with the mother’s level of understanding of English and number of years in education (P = 0.005 and P = 0.003, respectively). The association between method of feeding and maternal mood remained strong after controlling for the effects of English language and maternal education.ConclusionsThe study suggests that breast-feeding may be an important mediator of maternal mental well-being after childbirth. Community-based programmes tailored to the needs of Bangladeshi and Pakistani women which support breast-feeding and encourage exclusive breast-feeding may be of benefit.

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Job Stress among General Practitioners and Nurses in Primary Care in England

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1999.85.3.981 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 981-986 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Usha Rout

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Job Satisfaction ◽

Job Stress ◽

General Practitioners ◽

Well Being ◽

Small Sample ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Practice Nurses ◽

Northwest Region ◽

Mental Well Being

This is a description comparing job stress, job satisfaction, and mental well-being of general practitioners ( n = 205) and practice nurses ( n = 119) in England, based on responses to a questionnaire. General practitioners reported lower job satisfaction and significantly greater pressure at work than did the practice nurses. Also, male general practitioners had significantly higher scores on anxiety and depression than a British normative population. Practice nurses, on the other hand, reported lower scores on anxiety and depression. The results should be interpreted with caution as the study is based on a small sample limited to the northwest region only; however, it does provide information which has important implications for the well-being of doctors and nurses in primary care.

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