scholarly journals Euthanasia in advanced dementia; the view of the general practitioners in the Netherlands on a vignette case along the juridical and ethical dispute

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap Schuurmans ◽  
Chantalle Crol ◽  
Boudewijn Chabot ◽  
Marcel Olde Rikkert ◽  
Yvonne Engels
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Advanced Dementia ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Professional Guidelines

Abstract Background In the Netherlands, euthanasia has been regulated by law since 2002. In the past decade, a growing number of persons with dementia requested for euthanasia, and more requests were granted. A euthanasia request from a patient with advanced dementia (PWAD) can have a major impact on a general practitioner (GP). We aimed to get insights in the views of Dutch GPs on euthanasia concerning this patient group. Methods A postal survey was sent to 894 Dutch GPs. Questions were asked about a case vignette about a PWAD who was not able to confirm previous wishes anymore. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results Of the 894 GPs approached, 422 (47.3%) completed the survey. One hundred seventy-eight GPs (42.2%) did not agree with the statement that an Advance Euthanasia Directive (AED) can replace an oral request if communication with the patient concerned has become impossible. About half of the respondents (209; 49.5%) did not agree that the family can initiate a euthanasia trajectory, 95 GPs (22.5%) would accept such a family initiative and 110 GPs (26.1%) would under certain conditions. Discussion In case of a PWAD, when confirming previous wishes is not possible anymore, about half of the Dutch GPs would not accept an AED to replace verbal or non-verbal conformation nor consider performing euthanasia; a minority would. Our study shows that, probably due to the public debate and changed professional guidelines, conflicting views have arisen among Dutch GPs about interpretation of moral, ethical values considering AED and PWADs.

scholarly journals Title Euthanasia in advanced Dementia; the view of the GPs in the Netherlands on a vignette case along the juridical and ethical dispute . A survey among Dutch general practitioners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap Schuurmans ◽  
Chantalle Crol ◽  
Boudewijn Chabot ◽  
Marcel Olde Rikkert ◽  
Yvonne Engels
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Advanced Dementia ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Professional Guidelines ◽  
Care Support

Abstract Background In the Netherlands, euthanasia has been regulated by law since 2002 under strict conditions. In the past decade, a growing number of persons with dementia (PWDs) requested for euthanasia, and each year more requests were granted. A euthanasia request from a PWD can have a major impact on a general practitioner (GP), as it requires expertise on medical, communication, legal and ethical aspects, causing uncertainties, dilemmas and doubts. We aimed to get insights in problems and needs GPs experience when confronted with a person with advanced dementia (PWAD) and an advance euthanasia directive (AED.Methods A postal survey was sent to a random sample of 894 Dutch GPs. As part of this survey, questions were asked about a case vignette about a PWAD who was not able to confirm previous wishes anymore. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics.Results Of the 894 GPs approached, 422 (47.3%) completed the survey. 176 (41.6%) of them at least once had had a euthanasia request from a PWD. 178 GPs (42.2%) did not agree with the statement that an AED can replace an oral request if communication with the concerned patient has become impossible. About half of the respondents (209; 49.5%) did not agree that the family can initiate a euthanasia trajectory, 95 GPs (22.5%) would accept such a family initiative and 110 GPs (26.1%) would under certain conditions.Discussion In case of PWADs, when confirming previous wishes is not possible anymore, about half of the Dutch GPs would not accept an AED to replace verbal or non-verbal conformation, nor consider performing euthanasia; a minority would. The reported burden and the rise in numbers and complexity of euthanasia requests from PWADs warrants better national professional guidelines and primary care support. Our study shows that due to jurisdiction and changed professional guidelines conflicting views have arisen among Dutch GPs about interpretation of moral, ethical values considering AED and PWADs.

scholarly journals The Revival of Dutch Nationalist Narratives as a Threat to European Identity

Politeja ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6(63)) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Kevin Menagie
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Defensive Reaction ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Invented Traditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Action Groups

This article analyses the impact of a recent revival of nationalist narratives in The Netherlands on the issue of European identity. In the past decade, a sensitive and very salient debate has risen around the controversial figure of Zwarte Piet, part of a popular national festival called Sinterklaas. The article explains the nature of this tradition and elaborates on the development of the public debate on the topic. By analysing the defensive reaction towards criticism from Dutch action groups, the European Parliament and the United Nations, the article intends to expose an emphasis on nationalist arguments and invented traditions. It is often argued that the debate has already led to an increase in polarization in the country itself, but the article shows that it could also potentially function as a threat to European identity.

scholarly journals Bringing the family back in? Attitudes towards the role of the family in caring for the elderly and children

1995 ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Heikki Ervasti
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Family Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Family Responsibility ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Care Family ◽  
Using Data

In the last few years, demands for replacing the welfare state with family responsibility for the care of children and the elderly have become more and more insistent. Using data from a recent postal survey (N = 1,737), the article’s aim is to estimate the caring possibilities and caring potential of the family. The results show that compared to outside-home care and especially publicly provided outside-home care, family care is not supported by public opinion. However, the results provide no evidence of a decline in the caregiving potential of the family. Thus, the introduction of new family care-oriented policies and cuts in the public welfare services aimed at increasing family responsibility for the care of dependants could even be counterproductive, as families would soon be overloaded with caring tasks.

Gender and Political Citizenship

2020 ◽  
pp. 353-370
Author(s):  
Eileen McDonagh ◽  
Danielle M. Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
American Political Development ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Citizenship ◽  
The Family ◽  
American Heritage

The trajectory of women’s citizenship over the past two centuries reflects the changing political and cultural landscape at various moments in American history as well as a more constant liberal tradition. Women have made clear gains since the nation’s founding, though the rights granted to women came later than those granted to other groups and women continue to face barriers to political inclusion. Two key factors are women’s social construction as maternalists who are associated with the family, which liberal precepts define as separate and different from the state; and the incompatibility of women’s social construction as maternalists with the liberal American heritage that presumes individuals are equal. To promote their political citizenship, women had to transform the identity of the American state to be an institution similar to, not opposite to, the family, and they had to transform the identity of women so that the public and political elites viewed women not only as maternalists but also legally and constitutionally as individuals who were equal to men. To understand the trajectory of women’s political citizenship requires understanding how it is integrated with their social and civil citizenship as well as how that trajectory intersects with partisan disparities in women’s representation through the policies and platforms parties adopt over the course of American political development.

scholarly journals Urinary catheterization from 1997 to 2018: a Dutch population-based cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628722110076
Author(s):  
Sophie A. Berendsen ◽  
Tess van Doorn ◽  
Bertil F. M. Blok
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dutch Population ◽  
Urinary Catheters ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
The Past ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Professional Guidelines ◽  
Neurogenic Disorder

Background: Our aim was to evaluate the use of indwelling, intermittent and external urinary catheters in neurogenic and non-neurogenic bladder patients in the Netherlands from 1997 to 2018. Methods: Data were retrieved from a population-based cohort containing information about the extramural use of medical devices in the insured population in the Netherlands. The insured population increased from 9.9 million people in 1997 to 17.1 million people in 2018 (64–100% of the Dutch population). Users are expressed by users per 100,000 insured people and total users, corrected for the overall Dutch population. The expenditures are corrected for inflation and expressed by total costs and costs per user. Results: During this 21-year period, indwelling catheter (IC) users doubled from 159 per 100,000 people (24,734 users) to 315 per 100,000 people (54,106 users). Clean intermittent catheter (CIC) users increased from 92 per 100,000 people (14,258 users) in 1997 to 267 per 100,000 people (45,909 users) in 2018. Of all users, 20.7% had an associated neurogenic disorder and 44.9% a non-neurogenic disorder in 2018. The total expenditure on extramural use of urinary catheters increased from 27.7 million euros in 1997 to 84.4 million euros in 2018. IC costs increased from 6.0 million euros in 1997 to 6.7 million euros in 2018, while CIC costs rose from 16.4 million euros to 74.6 million euros. Urine drainage bag costs decreased from 17.2 million in 2001 to 5.3 million in 2018. Conclusions: IC use has increased substantially over the past 21 years, despite the fact that CIC use increased as well. It seems that the main driver behind the prevalence in IC and CIC use, is the rise in incontinence care in older patients and the adaption of preferred CIC use in professional guidelines. At least one fifth of all users catheterize due to neurogenic reasons.

The Suffering of the Perpetrators: The Ethics of Traumatic German Historicity in Karen Bass's Young Adult World War II Novels

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-77
Author(s):  
Doris Wolf
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Childhood Studies ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adult World ◽  
The Public Sphere

This paper examines two young adult novels, Run Like Jäger (2008) and Summer of Fire (2009), by Canadian writer Karen Bass, which centre on the experiences of so-called ordinary German teenagers in World War II. Although guilt and perpetration are themes addressed in these books, their focus is primarily on the ways in which Germans suffered at the hands of the Allied forces. These books thus participate in the increasingly widespread but still controversial subject of the suffering of the perpetrators. Bringing work in childhood studies to bear on contemporary representations of German wartime suffering in the public sphere, I explore how Bass's novels, through the liminal figure of the adolescent, participate in a culture of self-victimisation that downplays guilt rather than more ethically contextualises suffering within guilt. These historical narratives are framed by contemporary narratives which centre on troubled teen protagonists who need the stories of the past for their own individualisation in the present. In their evacuation of crucial historical contexts, both Run Like Jäger and Summer of Fire support optimistic and gendered narratives of individualism that ultimately refuse complicated understandings of adolescent agency in the past or present.

The End of History Museums: What's Plan B??

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary Carson
Keyword(s):  
Historic Sites ◽  
The Public ◽  
End Of History ◽  
House Museums ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Museums ◽  
Plan B ◽  
The End Of History ◽  
The Way

Abstract Are historic sites and house museums destined to go the way of Oldsmobiles and floppy disks?? Visitation has trended downwards for thirty years. Theories abound, but no one really knows why. To launch a discussion of the problem in the pages of The Public Historian, Cary Carson cautions against the pessimistic view that the past is simply passéé. Instead he offers a ““Plan B”” that takes account of the new way that learners today organize information to make history meaningful.

First records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Muong Phang cultural and historical site, Dien Bien province, Northwestern Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Dao Nhan Loi ◽  
Vu Dinh Thong
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Sound Recordings ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Family ◽  
Biological Taxa

The internationally renowned Muong Phang Cultural and Historical Site is located in the Dien Bien Phu region, northwestern Vietnam, and has received special attention from the public because of its great biodiversity. This site has a large forest area and other habitats including lakes, streams, rivers and paddyfield. These habitats would be ideal homes for bats and other biological taxa. However, in general, the wildlife of the Muong Phang Cultural and Historical Site receives little attention from scientists and authorities. Between 2014 and 2016, we conducted  series of surveys for bats in Muong Phang. Bat capture and sound recordings were the main procedure to obtain materials and data necessary for the assessment of diversity and conservation status. The results of the surveys this time revealed that there are 19 species of bats belonging to 7 genera, 5 families in the study area. Of these, a Myotis sp. is different from all the previously recorded Myotis bats from Vietnam, and, a Rhinolophus sp. is different from every described species of the family Rhinolophidae. This paper provides the first records of bats from Muong Phang with remarks on their taxonomy and conservation status.   Citation: Dao Nhan Loi, Vu Dinh Thong, 2017. First records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Muong Phang cultural and historical site, Dien Bien province, Northwestern Vietnam. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(3): 296-302. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v39n3.10641. *Corresponding author: [email protected]. Received 29 August 2017, accepted 10 September 2017 

E-Projects Challenges in India – Role of Human Resource Management and Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Ramnik Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Traditional Approaches

E-governance is a paradigm shift over the traditional approaches in Public Administration which means rendering of government services and information to the public by using electronic means. In the past decades, service quality and responsiveness of the government towards the citizens were least important but with the approach of E-Government the government activities are now well dealt. This paper withdraws experiences from various studies from different countries and projects facing similar challenges which need to be consigned for the successful implementation of e-governance projects. Developing countries like India face poverty and illiteracy as a major obstacle in any form of development which makes it difficult for its government to provide e-services to its people conveniently and fast. It also suggests few suggestions to cope up with the challenges faced while implementing e-projects in India.

Prawne regulacje pobierania i transplantacji narządów oraz tkanek w ujęciu europejskiej konwencji bioetycznej

2016 ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Patryk Kołodyński ◽  
Paulina Drab
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Additional Protocol ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
International Legal Order ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Source Of Information

Over the past several years, transplantology has become one of the fastest developing areas of medicine. The reason is, first and foremost, a significant improvement of the results of successful transplants. However, much controversy arouse among the public, on both medical and ethical grounds. The article presents the most important concepts and regulations relating to the collection and transplantation of organs and tissues in the context of the European Convention on Bioethics. It analyses the convention and its additional protocol. The article provides the definition of transplantation and distinguishes its types, taking into account the medical criteria for organ transplants. Moreover, authors explained the issue of organ donation ex vivo and ex mortuo. The European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine clearly regulates the legal aspects concerning the transplantation and related basic concepts, and therefore provides a reliable source of information about organ transplantation and tissue. This act is a part of the international legal order, which includes the established codification of bioethical standards.

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