scholarly journals Falls and risk factors of falls for urban and rural community-dwelling older adults in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Zhihong Ding ◽  
Liya Qiu ◽  
An Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Government ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

Abstract Background Falls among older people have become a public health concern due to serious health consequences. Despite abundant literature on falls in older people, little is known about the rural-urban differentials in falls among older people in China. This research fills the voids of prior literature by investigating falls and the associated risk factors among Chinese seniors, with a particular focus on the rural-urban differences. Methods Data are from the 2010 wave of Chinese Longitudinal Survey on Urban and Rural Elderly. The analysis includes 16,393 respondents aged 65 and over, with 8440 and 7953 of them living in urban and rural areas, respectively. Descriptive analyses are performed to examine incidence, locations, circumstances and consequences of falls in older people. Regression analysis is used to investigate the effects of risk factors on falls among older people in urban and rural China. Results The incidence of falls is higher among rural than urban older people. In both settings, older people are more likely to fell outside of home. But common outdoor falls among rural and urban older people differ in terms of locations and circumstances. Urban older people are more likely to report falling on the road whereas their rural counterparts have experienced more falls in the yard. Falls occurring within homes or immediate home surroundings are also common; but few falls occurred in public areas. The rate of hospitalization of urban seniors after falling is higher than that of rural ones. Most risk factors of falls show similar than different effects on rural and urban elders’ risks of falling. Conclusions Incidence, locations, circumstances and consequences of falls vary among Chinese rural and urban older people. But most risk factors for falls show similar effects on rural and urban elders’ odds of falling. Implications drawn from this research provide suggestions for the government and local agencies to develop suitable fall prevention strategies which may well be applicable to other countries.

A Prospective Community-Based Study of Falls among Older People in Australia: Frequency, Circumstances, and Consequences

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Mackenzie ◽  
Julie Byles ◽  
Nick Higginbotham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older People ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Medical Risk ◽  
Medical Risk Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

Falls among the population of older people are a major international public health concern. Few prospective studies have been conducted in Australia with a healthy, rural and urban community sample that measure a broad range of health-related potential risk factors for falls. This study aims to identify the nature and circumstances of falls experienced by people aged 70 years and older, and explores any health and environmental variables associated with falls over a 6-month period. A total of 264 participants kept calendars and recorded information about falls. Health status measures were taken prior to the study period. Falls occurred mainly during mobility and housework activities causing a wide range of minor but notable injuries, and were associated with psychosocial factors as well as medical risk factors. The need for occupational therapists to develop specific programs for healthy older people living in the community is identified, as well as the need for cross-national falls research.

scholarly journals WEB-BASED SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING RISK FACTORS FOR FALLS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING ELDERLY PEOPLE USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Pecchia ◽  
Peter A. Bath ◽  
Neil Pendleton ◽  
Marcelo Bracale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older People ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
The Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls ◽  
Hierarchy Process

<p>Falls occur frequently among older people and represent the most common cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality in later life. Preventing falls is an important way to reduce injuries, hospitalizations, and injury-related morbidity and mortality among older people. The research literature has identified hundreds of risk factors for falls among elderly people. Prioritizing risk factors for falls is useful for designing effective and efficacious prevention programs. The aim of this study was to use the Analytic Hierarchy Process to develop a hierarchy of risk factors for falls based on the knowledge and experience of experts working in this field. We designed and developed a web portal for participants to submit responses to electronic questionnaires in order to reach the highest number of respondents quickly and to reduce errors in responding. We contacted the person responsible for the Falls sections of four scientific societies. Finally, we propose a correction method to modify respondents’ relative importance on based on the coherence of their responses, in order not to exclude experts who had submitted the questionnaire twice.</p><p>http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v2i2.61</p>

Risk Factors for Falls in Community-dwelling Older People

Epidemiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Deandrea ◽  
Ersilia Lucenteforte ◽  
Francesca Bravi ◽  
Roberto Foschi ◽  
Carlo La Vecchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older People ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Community Dwelling Older People ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

scholarly journals Urban-Rural Dimension of Falls and Associated Risk Factors among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in West Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Susiana Nugraha ◽  
Sabarinah Prasetyo ◽  
Indri Hapsari Susilowati ◽  
Tri Budi W. Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
West Java ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

Falls are one of the common problems among older adults; it is estimated that 684,000 fatal cases of falls occur every year. Furthermore, falls constitute one of the leading causes of mortality due to accidental injury. This study aims to identify the risk factors for falls in the older adults who live in the community, according to the dimensions of the living area: in urban and rural. The proportional sampling method was used to identify the rural and urban areas in West Java Prefecture; meanwhile, the incidence of fall in the last 12 months was selected as the outcome variable. Furthermore, sociodemographic background, chronic medical condition, fear of falling, visual and hearing impairments, Activity of Daily Living (ADL), Barthel index, physical performance (Short Performance Physical Battery (SPPB)), and living environment were analyzed to identify the risk factors that contribute to the incidence of falls. A total of 611 older adults participated in this study: 62% of them are living in rural area and 38% of them are living urban areas. More than 70% of study participants were aged 60–69 years, while 73% were females. There is no significant difference in fall prevalence in rural (16.5%) and urban (10.7%) areas ( p value = 0.228). Furthermore, the multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the male gender (OR = 0.29, 95%CI [0.09–0.88]), chronic illness (OR = 3.25, 95%CI [1.24–8.53]), and visual impairment (OR = 3.6, 95%CI [1.52–8.54]) were associated with fall among older adults in urban areas. Meanwhile, visual impairment (OR = 1.81, 95%CI [1.03–3.18]) and living environment (OR = 3.36, 95% CI [1.14–9.93]) were significantly associated with falls in rural areas. Based on the associated risk factors identified in this study, a different approach is needed to reduce the falling risk among older adults in urban and rural areas in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Urban-Rural Dimension of Fall and its Associated Risk Factors Amongst Community Dwelling Older Adult in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susiana Nugraha ◽  
Sabarinah Prasetyo ◽  
Indri Hapsari Susilowati ◽  
Tribudi W Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older People ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

Abstract Background: Falls are common problem among older people, WHO (2014) estimated 424,000 fatal cases of falls occur every year, making fall as the one of the causes of death in the older adult due to accidental injury. This study aimed to assess the risk of falling among community dwelling older adult in rural and urban area. Method: Using a proportional sample size we determine 2 areas that describe rural and urban area in West Java Prefecture. The incidence of fall in the last 12 month is selected as outcome variable. Sociodemographic background, chronic medical condition, fear of falling, visual and hearing impairment, Activity Daily Living (ADL) Barthel index, the physical performance (Short Performance Physical Battery (SPPB)), and living environment were assessed to identify the factor contribute to the incidence of falling. Result: a total of 611 older people participated this study consist of 381 (62%)older persons living in rural area and 230 (38%) person are living in urban area, 70 percent of them at the range of 60-69 years old, and 73% of them are female. The prevalence of fall in rural area (16.5%), is significantly higher than urban area (10.7%). The multiple logistic regression analysis showed, male gender (OR= 0.29;95%CI (0.095 - .882)), chronic illness (OR=3.25 95%CI (1.236 - 8.533) and visual impairment (OR=3.6; 95%CI (1.517 - 8.544)) are associated with risk of fall in among older adult living in urban area. On the other hand, Visual impairment (OR=1.81; 95%CI (1.027– 3.179)) and living environmental (OR=3.36; 95% CI (1.137-9.921)) are significantly associated with fall in among older adult living in rural area. Conclusion: We identify the different risk factors for falls in urban and rural area. The results can be concluded that a different approach is needed to reduce the risk of falling for the older adult in urban and rural areas based on risk factors.

Village senior centres and the living arrangements of older people in rural China: considerations of health, land, migration and intergenerational support

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 2044-2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUIJUN LIU ◽  
KAREN N. EGGLESTON ◽  
YAN MIN
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
North East

ABSTRACTChina is experiencing rapid urbanisation and population ageing, alongside sometimes contentious rural land consolidation. These on-going social, economic, political and demographic changes are especially problematic for older people in rural areas. In these regions, social and institutional support arrangements are less developed than in urban areas; older people have few options for re-settlement but are resistant to or incapable of adjusting to high-rise apartment living. In 2012–13, we gathered rich qualitative and quantitative data on over 600 older residents in 12 villages under the jurisdiction of City L in north-east coastal China to analyse residents’ living arrangement choices during the village renovation process. We compared villages with and without senior centres to shed light on the correlates of co-residence and independent living. Senior centres play a role in balancing the burden on rural Chinese families resulting from population ageing, smaller families, widespread migration for work, and the rapid urbanisation that is restructuring land rights and social support arrangements.

scholarly journals A comparison of the prevalence of and modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment among community-dwelling Canadian seniors over two decades, 1991–2009

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242911
Author(s):  
Batholomew Chireh ◽  
Carl D’Arcy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Canadian Population

Background The prevalence of cognitive impairment or dementia is of public health concern globally. Accurate estimates of this debilitating condition are needed for future public health policy planning. In this study, we estimate prevalence and modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment by sex over approximately 16 years. Methods Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) baseline data conducted between 1991–1992 were used to measure the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia among adults aged 65+ years. The standard Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) was used for the screening test for cognitive impairment. We compared the CSHA data with Canadian Community Health Survey–Healthy Aging (CCHS-HA) conducted between 2008–2009. The CCHS-HA used a four-dimension cognitive module to screen for cognitive impairment. Only survey community-dwelling respondents were included in the final sample. After applying exclusion criteria, final samples of (N = 8504) respondents in the CSHA sample and (N = 7764) respondents for CCHS–HA sample were analyzed. To account for changes in the age structure of the Canadian population, prevalence estimates were calculated using age-sex standardization to the 2001 population census of Canada. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine predictors of cognitive impairment. A sex stratified analysis was used to examine risk factors for cognitive impairment in the survey samples. Results We found that prevalence of cognitive impairment among respondents in CSHA sample was 15.5% in 1991 while a prevalence of 10.8% was reported in the CCHS–HA sample in 2009, a 4.7% reduction [15.5% (CI = 14.8–16.3), CSHA vs 10.8% (CI = 10.1–11.5), CCHS–HA]. Men reported higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in CSHA study (16.0%) while women reported higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in CCHS–HA (11.6%). In the multivariable analyses, risk factors such as age, poor self-rated health, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and hearing problems were common to both cohorts. Sex differences in risk factors were also noted. Conclusions This study provides suggestive evidence of a potential reduction in the occurrence of cognitive impairment among community-dwelling Canadian seniors despite the aging of the Canadian population. The moderating roles of improved prevention and treatment of vascular morbidity and improvements in the levels of education of the Canadian population are possible explanations for this decrease in the cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Comparison of The Risk Factors For Falls Among Older Adults Between Urban and Rural Areas of Shantou City, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Chen ◽  
Zeting Lin ◽  
Ran Gao ◽  
Yijian Yang ◽  
Liping Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Balance Function ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

Abstract Background: To investigate the prevalence of falls and risk factors among older adults in urban and rural areas and to facilitate the design of fall prevention interventions.Methods: We used cluster random sampling to investigate the sociodemographic information, living habits, medical history, and falls among 649 older adult participants. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to examine fall risk factors in urban and rural areas.Results: The fall rate and rate of injury from falls among older adults in urban areas were 27.3% and 18.6%, respectively, which were higher than those in rural areas (17.0% and 12.2%; P<0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that the risk factors for falls among urban older adults included a high school or below education level (OR=3.737, 95% CI: 1.503~9.291); diabetes medicine use (OR=4.518, 95% CI: 1.228~16.626); incontinence (OR=8.792, 95% CI: 1.894~40.824); lack of fall prevention education (OR = 11.907, 95% CI: 1.321～107.354); and reduced balance function (OR = 3.901, 95% CI: 1.894~7.815). The risk factors among rural older adults included a previous nonfarming occupation (OR=2.496, 95% CI: 1.416~4.398); incontinence (OR =11.396, 95% CI: 1.901~68.327); poor living environment (OR=3.457, 95% CI: 1.488~8.033); and reduced balance function (OR =4.260, 95% CI: 2.361~7.688).Discussion: The rate of falls among older adults in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas of Shantou City. Fall prevention in urban areas should target older adults with low education and modify the diabetes medication use. Interventions should focus on improving the home environment of older adults in rural areas.

Evaluation of access to electricity and the socioeconomic effects in rural and urban expanses of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toluwalope Ogunro ◽  
Luqman Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Government ◽  
Electricity Access

PurposeRecently, multidimensional aspects of poverty has been increasingly focused on which includes education, economy and health, while access to modern energy such as stable electricity is also one of the possible solution; thus, this article aims to divulge the relation between access to electricity and progression in socioeconomic status in urban and rural areas of Nigeria in an attempt to propose a sustainable framework for access to electricity.Design/methodology/approachDemographic and health survey data are collected using four categories of model of questionnaires. A standard questionnaire was designed to gather information on features of the household's dwelling element and attributes of visitors and usual residents between the 2018 period. Biomarker questionnaire was used to gather biomarker data on men, women and children. Logistic model estimation technique was employed to estimate the socioeconomic factors affecting access to electricity in Nigeria.FindingsThese studies discovered that there are diverse set of factors affecting access to electricity in Nigeria especially in the rural areas. However, respondent residing in rural areas are still largely deprived access to electricity; most importantly, households with no access to electricity are more likely to use self-generating sets as revealed. Additionally, empirical findings indicated that the higher the level of your education and wealth, the higher the likelihood of having access to electricity in Nigeria. These factors included political will to connect the rural areas to the national grid, development of other infrastructures in those deprived areas and others.Practical implicationsThe problem confronting access to electricity in Nigeria has three components. The first is the significance of those deprived access to electricity in the rural areas and the physical resources needed to connect them to the national grid. The second is the political willingness of the government to have equitable distribution of public goods evenly between rural and urban areas especially on electricity access which will go a long way in reducing poverty in Nigeria. The third is lack of robust national development plans and strategy to tackle the problems facing electricity access in Nigeria.Social implicationsAs the rate of socioeconomic status/development increases, access to electricity is anticipated to rise up in Nigeria.Originality/valueThe findings can be used by the policy makers to address problems facing access to electricity in Nigeria.

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