scholarly journals The effectiveness of syndromic surveillance for the early detection of waterborne outbreaks: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Hyllestad ◽  
Ettore Amato ◽  
Karin Nygård ◽  
Line Vold ◽  
Preben Aavitsland
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Prevention Measures

Abstract Background Waterborne outbreaks are still a risk in high-income countries, and their early detection is crucial to limit their societal consequences. Although syndromic surveillance is widely used for the purpose of detecting outbreaks days earlier than traditional surveillance systems, evidence of the effectiveness of such systems is lacking. Thus, our objective was to conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of syndromic surveillance to detect waterborne outbreaks. Method We searched the Cochrane Library, Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science for relevant published articles using a combination of the keywords ‘drinking water’, ‘surveillance’, and ‘waterborne disease’ for the period of 1990 to 2018. The references lists of the identified articles for full-text record assessment were screened, and searches in Google Scholar using the same key words were conducted. We assessed the risk of bias in the included articles using the ROBINS-I tool and PRECEPT for the cumulative body of evidence. Results From the 1959 articles identified, we reviewed 52 articles, of which 18 met the eligibility criteria. Twelve were descriptive/analytical studies, whereas six were simulation studies. There is no clear evidence for syndromic surveillance in terms of the ability to detect waterborne outbreaks (low sensitivity and high specificity). However, one simulation study implied that multiple sources of signals combined with spatial information may increase the timeliness in detecting a waterborne outbreak and reduce false alarms. Conclusion This review demonstrates that there is no conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of syndromic surveillance for the detection of waterborne outbreaks, thus suggesting the need to focus on primary prevention measures to reduce the risk of waterborne outbreaks. Future studies should investigate methods for combining health and environmental data with an assessment of needed financial and human resources for implementing such surveillance systems. In addition, a more critical thematic narrative synthesis on the most promising sources of data, and an assessment of the basis for arguments that joint analysis of different data or dimensions of data (e.g. spatial and temporal) might perform better, should be carried out. Trial registration PROSPERO: International prospective register of systematic reviews. 2019. CRD42019122332.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Syndromic Surveillance for the Early Detection of Waterborne Outbreaks: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Hyllestad ◽  
Ettore Amato ◽  
Karin Nygård ◽  
Vold Line ◽  
Preben Aavitsland
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Prevention Measures

Abstract Background: Waterborne outbreaks are still a risk in high-income countries, and their early detection is crucial to limit their societal consequences. Although syndromic surveillance is widely used for the purpose of detecting outbreaks days earlier than traditional surveillance systems, evidence of the effectiveness of such systems is lacking. Thus, our objective was to conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of syndromic surveillance to detect waterborne outbreaks. Method: We searched the Cochrane Library, Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science for relevant published articles using a combination of the keywords ‘drinking water’, ‘surveillance’, and ‘waterborne disease’ for the period of 1990 to 2018. The references lists of the identified articles for full-text record assessment were screened, and random searches using the same key words were conducted. We assessed the risk of bias in the included articles using the ROBINS-I tool and PRECEPT for the cumulative body of evidence. Results: From the 1,955 articles identified, we reviewed 52 articles, of which 16 met the eligibility criteria. Ten were retrospective studies, whereas six were simulation studies. There is no clear evidence for syndromic surveillance in terms of the ability to detect waterborne outbreaks (low sensitivity and high specificity). However, one simulation study implied that multiple sources of signals combined with spatial information may increase the timeliness in detecting a waterborne outbreak and reduce false alarms. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that there is no conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of syndromic surveillance for the detection of waterborne outbreaks, thus suggesting the need to focus on primary prevention measures to reduce the risk of waterborne outbreaks. Future studies should investigate methods for combining health and environmental data with an assessment of needed financial and human resources for implementing such surveillance systems.

scholarly journals Performance of 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT Imaging in Early Detection of Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiale Sun ◽  
Yuxin Lin ◽  
Xuedong Wei ◽  
Jun Ouyang ◽  
Yuhua Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Recurrent Prostate Cancer ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted 2-(3-{1-carboxy-5-[(6-[18F] fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid (18F-DCFPyL) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has shown advantages in primary staging, restaging, and metastasis detection of prostate cancer (PCa). However, little is known about the role of 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (BRPCa). Hence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT as first-line imaging modality in early detection of BRPCa.Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted until December 2020. The pooled detection rate on a per-person basis and together with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Furthermore, a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-stratified performance of detection positivity was obtained to assess the sensitivity of 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT in BRPCa with different PSA levels.Results: A total of nine eligible studies (844 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled detection rate (DR) of 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT in BRPCa was 81% (95% CI: 76.9–85.1%). The pooled DR was 88.8% for PSA ≥ 0.5 ng/ml (95% CI: 86.2–91.3%) and 47.2% for PSA < 0.5 ng/ml (95% CI: 32.6–61.8%). We also noticed that the regional lymph node was the most common site with local recurrence compared with other sites (45.8%, 95% CI: 42.1–49.6%). Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were found.Conclusion: The results suggest that 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT has a relatively high detection rate in BRPCa. The results also indicate that imaging with 18F-DCFPyL may exhibit improved sensitivity in BRPCa with increased PSA levels. Considering the publication bias, further large-scale multicenter studies are warranted for validation.

Systematic review of surveillance systems and methods for early detection of exotic, new and re-emerging diseases in animal populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 2018-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. RODRÍGUEZ-PRIETO ◽  
M. VICENTE-RUBIANO ◽  
A. SÁNCHEZ-MATAMOROS ◽  
C. RUBIO-GUERRI ◽  
M. MELERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Globalized World

SUMMARYIn this globalized world, the spread of new, exotic and re-emerging diseases has become one of the most important threats to animal production and public health. This systematic review analyses conventional and novel early detection methods applied to surveillance. In all, 125 scientific documents were considered for this study. Exotic (n = 49) and re-emerging (n = 27) diseases constituted the most frequently represented health threats. In addition, the majority of studies were related to zoonoses (n = 66). The approaches found in the review could be divided in surveillance modalities, both active (n = 23) and passive (n = 5); and tools and methodologies that support surveillance activities (n = 57). Combinations of surveillance modalities and tools (n = 40) were also found. Risk-based approaches were very common (n = 60), especially in the papers describing tools and methodologies (n = 50). The main applications, benefits and limitations of each approach were extracted from the papers. This information will be very useful for informing the development of tools to facilitate the design of cost-effective surveillance strategies. Thus, the current literature review provides key information about the advantages, disadvantages, limitations and potential application of methodologies for the early detection of new, exotic and re-emerging diseases.

scholarly journals Systematic literature review of the burden and outcomes of infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms in Europe: the ABOUT-MDRO project protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e030608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Anaya-Baz ◽  
Natalia Maldonado ◽  
Zaira R Palacios-Baena ◽  
Virginia Palomo ◽  
Maria Diletta Pezzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

IntroductionDespite the increasing importance of infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), there is a lack of comprehensive information about the burden of disease and outcomes of key infections caused by these pathogens. The aim of the ABOUT-MDRO (A systematic review on the burden and outcomes of infections due to multidrug resitant organisms) project is to provide estimations of the burden of some key infections and their outcomes caused by the target MDROs.Methods and analysisA systematic literature search will be performed using MEDLINE/PubMed, Elsevier’s SCOPUS, Cochrane library, Clinical trials and Web of Science, as well as the Surveillance Systems from Public Health Institutions and Scientific Societies for Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Europe database of European surveillance systems, for data on prevalence/incidence, mortality and length of stay of target infections in hospitalised patients (including ventilator-associated pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, complicated intra-abdominal infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections and bloodstream infections) and in specific populations (children, hospital wards, neutropenic patients) caused by cephalosporin-resistant or carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. The information retrieved will be tabulated and pooled estimates and 95% CIs calculated of rates and outcomes, using random effects models. Relationships between rates and outcomes in randomised control trials and epidemiological studies, and data of proportions and incidence/prevalence rates will also be analysed. The information collected in this study will be useful for identifying gaps in our knowledge in terms of incidence/prevalence and clinical outcomes of infections caused by MDROs, and for informing priorities in infection control and the research and design of appropriate studies.Ethics and disseminationThis study will be based on published data so we did not require ethical approval. Formal consent is not required. The results of this review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement. Data will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Registration detailsPROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) (CRD42019124185).

Systematic Review: Surveillance Systems for Early Detection of Bioterrorism-Related Diseases

2004 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
pp. 910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dena M. Bravata ◽  
Kathryn M. McDonald ◽  
Wendy M. Smith ◽  
Chara Rydzak ◽  
Herbert Szeto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Surveillance Systems

scholarly journals Early detection of West Nile virus in France: quantitative assessment of syndromic surveillance system using nervous signs in horses

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 1044-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. FAVERJON ◽  
F. VIAL ◽  
M. G. ANDERSSON ◽  
S. LECOLLINET ◽  
A. LEBLOND
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance System

SUMMARYWest Nile virus (WNV) is a growing public health concern in Europe and there is a need to develop more efficient early detection systems. Nervous signs in horses are considered to be an early indicator of WNV and, using them in a syndromic surveillance system, might be relevant. In our study, we assessed whether or not data collected by the passive French surveillance system for the surveillance of equine diseases can be used routinely for the detection of WNV. We tested several pre-processing methods and detection algorithms based on regression. We evaluated system performances using simulated and authentic data and compared them to those of the surveillance system currently in place. Our results show that the current detection algorithm provided similar performances to those tested using simulated and real data. However, regression models can be easily and better adapted to surveillance objectives. The detection performances obtained were compatible with the early detection of WNV outbreaks in France (i.e. sensitivity 98%, specificity >94%, timeliness 2·5 weeks and around four false alarms per year) but further work is needed to determine the most suitable alarm threshold for WNV surveillance in France using cost-efficiency analysis.

scholarly journals Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Martina Abatti Chiamulera ◽  
Caroline Biazzolo Zancan ◽  
Aline Pertile Remor ◽  
Marcos Freitas Cordeiro ◽  
Frederico Omar Gleber-Netto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract Background Oral cancer (OC) is usually diagnosed at advanced clinical stages due to its asymptomatic nature and absence of pathognomonic signs in its early development phase. Delayed diagnosis is one of the major causes of OC treatment failure and poor prognosis. Development of alternative diagnostic approaches are imperative for improving early detection and therapeutic success rates. Salivary cytokines (SC) have been studied as potential diagnostic biomarkers for OC and may represent a potential tool for improvement of its early detection. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis we identified SC studied as OC biomarkers by systematically reviewing the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases using the terms: “oral cancer”, “cytokine”, and “saliva”, and also combined with “interleukin” or “interferon”. Only case-control studies that measured SC by ELISA from treatment naïve patients were included in the qualitative review. For the meta-analysis were included all comparable studies that provided enough data (sample size, mean and standard deviation or standard error of the mean) for SC levels in OC patients, non-cancer controls and patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), including leukoplakia. Comparisons with patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and gingivitis were included in the qualitative analysis. Results A total of 28 articles (from 2004 to 2018) were included in the systematic review, describing 10 different SC, being IL-8 and IL-6 the most studied ones. SC levels were consistently higher among OC patients when compared to healthy controls and to patients with OPMD, OLP and gingivitis. Meta-analysis including 23 eligible studies showed that IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 salivary levels were significantly higher in OC patients compared to controls; and that IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β salivary levels were also higher in OC patients compared to individuals with OPMD. When compared to healthy controls, OPMD patients showed significantly higher IL-6 and TNF-α salivary levels. Conclusions Our analyses showed that the salivary levels of some cytokines are consistently different among OC, OPMD and healthy patients, indicating that these SC may represent potential diagnostic biomarkers for OC and OPMD. Despite of that, SC levels were highly variable among studies, suggesting that further technical improvement and standardization for SC measurement by ELISA is needed in order to successfully translate these biomarkers to the clinical practice.

scholarly journals Fundamental limits on inferring epidemic resurgence in real time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris V Parag ◽  
Christl A. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Fundamental Limits

We find that epidemic resurgence, defined as an upswing in the effective reproduction number (R) of the contagion from subcritical to supercritical values, is fundamentally difficult to detect in real time. Intrinsic latencies in pathogen transmission, coupled with often smaller incidence across periods of subcritical spread mean that resurgence cannot be reliably detected without significant delays, even if case reporting is perfect. This belies epidemic suppression (where R falls from supercritical to subcritical values), which can be ascertained 5-10 times more rapidly. These innate limits on detecting resurgence only worsen when spatial or demographic heterogeneities are incorporated. Consequently, we argue that resurgence is more effectively handled proactively, at the expense of false alarms. Responses to recrudescent infections or emerging variants of concern will more likely be timely if informed by improved syndromic surveillance systems than by optimised mathematical models of epidemic spread.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Pulse Oximetry Screening in the Full-Term Neonates for Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Nargesi ◽  
Aziz Rezapour ◽  
Aghdas Souresrafil ◽  
Zeinab Dolatshahi ◽  
Farnaz Khodaparast
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Cochrane Library

Context: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of mortality by birth defects with significant social and economic burden. Pulse oximetry as a safe and non-invasive screening method, and with its potential for early detection of CHD has improved neonatal health outcomes. Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically review economic evaluation studies that compared pulse oximetry with current programs to diagnose early detection of CHD in full-term newborns. Data Sources: A systematic review was conducted according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and related articles published from 1995 up to March 2020 were searched in different databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, NHS EED, Science Citation Index, MagIran, Cochrane Library, EconLit and SID). The articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards (CHEERS) statement checklist was used to qualitatively evaluate the papers. Overall, 7 articles were included in the study. Results: Timely diagnosis was considered as main effectiveness health outcome in most studies. The highest and lowest values of incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (in two-phase studies) were €139,000 and $100 per infant in the Netherlands and Colombia respectively; and (in one-phase studies) were £24,000 and £1,489 per infant both belonging to the UK. Implementing pulse oximetry method concurrent with the clinical examination is more cost-effective. The reviewed studies had been conducted in high-income and upper middle-income countries; therefore, when the results are generalizing by policy makers in different health systems, a substantial precaution approach is needed.

scholarly journals Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of oral cancer: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Martina Abatti Chiamulera ◽  
Caroline Biazzolo Zancan ◽  
Aline Pertile Remor ◽  
Frederico Omar Gleber-Netto ◽  
Antuani Rafael Baptistella
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Oral Conditions

Abstract Background: Oral cancer (OC) is usually diagnosed at advanced clinical stages due to its asymptomatic nature and absence of pathognomonic signs in its early development phase. Delayed diagnosis is one of the major causes of OC treatment failure and poor prognosis. Development of alternative diagnostic approaches are imperative for improving early detection and therapeutic success rates. Salivary cytokines (SC) have been studied as potential diagnostic biomarkers for OC and may represent a potential tool for improvement of OC early detection. Methods: In this systematic review we identified SC studied as OC biomarker by systematically reviewing the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases using the terms: “oral cancer”, “cytokine”, and “saliva”, and also combined with “interleukin” or “interferon”. Only case-control studies that measured SC by ELISA from treatment naïve patients were included. Results: A total of 28 articles (from 2004 to 2018) were included, describing 10 different SC, which IL-8 and IL-6 were the most studied ones. SC levels were consistently higher among OC patients when compared to healthy controls and to patients with non-malignant oral conditions such as leukoplakia, lichen planus and gingivitis, irrespective of its inflammatory role. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests SC are consistently up-regulated among OC patients and may represent ideal biomarkers to be translated to the clinical practice.

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