scholarly journals Spectrum of antibiotic resistance in UTI caused by Escherichia coli among HIV-infected patients in Uganda: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Abongomera ◽  
Maurice Koller ◽  
Joseph Musaazi ◽  
Mohammed Lamorde ◽  
Marisa Kaelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Antimicrobial drug resistance is one of the top ten threats to global health according to the World Health Organization. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections and main reason for antibiotic prescription. The incidence of UTIs appears to be high among people living with HIV. We sought to determine the most common UTI pathogens among HIV infected patients and evaluate their susceptibility towards antibiotics. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study among HIV-infected patients aged ≥ 18 years presenting at an HIV care specialized clinic with symptoms suggestive of a urethritis. Urine cultures were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. The data was analyzed using STATA, we performed Pearson’s Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests to compare differences between proportions. Results Out of the 200 patients, 123 (62%) were female. The median age was 41.9 years (IQR 34.7–49.3). Only 32 (16%) urine cultures showed bacterial growth. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated uropathogen (72%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (9%). E. coli was completely resistant to cotrimoxazole and ampicillin; resistance to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone was 44% and 35% respectively; 9% to gentamicin; no resistance detected to nitrofurantoin and imipenem. Conclusions Our findings are congruent with the Uganda national clinical guidelines which recommends nitrofurantoin as the first line antibiotic for uncomplicated UTI. Significant ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone resistance was detected. In the era of emerging antibiotic resistance, understanding the local susceptibilities among sub-populations such as HIV infected patients is crucial. Further investigation is needed to address reasons for the low bacterial growth rate observed in the urine cultures.

Local characteristics associated with higher prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in community-acquired urinary tract infections: an observational, cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Larramendy ◽  
Aurélie Gaultier ◽  
Jean-Pascal Fournier ◽  
Jocelyne Caillon ◽  
Leïla Moret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Animal Farming ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Objectives The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) in community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) has been increasing worldwide since 2000, but with large geographical variations. The aim of this study was to determine whether the ESBL-E. coli rate in urine samples from individuals with community-acquired UTI was associated with the local socio-economic, environmental, agricultural and healthcare characteristics. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in western France using data on antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolated from urine samples of individuals with community-acquired UTI analysed in non-hospital laboratories from 2015 to 2017. The ESBL-E. coli rate was calculated for each laboratory. Data on socio-economic characteristics, human antibiotic consumption, hospital bed density, animal farming density and percentage of agricultural land and surface water were retrieved at the municipality level and aggregated by study area. Their association with ESBL-E. coli prevalence was quantified using multivariate linear regression models with a backward selection. Results From 358 291 E. coli isolates from urine samples tested in 92 laboratories, the mean ESBL-E. coli prevalence for the study period was 3.30%. In an adjusted model, the ESBL-E. coli rate was significantly (P < 0.05) and positively associated with the local percentage of people >65 years old, third-generation cephalosporin use (DDD/1000 inhabitants), number of hospital beds/km2, poultry density, pig density and percentage of agricultural land. Lower deprivation was associated with a higher ESBL-E. coli rate. Conclusions Several anthropogenic factors (primary care, hospitals and animal farming) are associated with the local ESBL-E. coli rate in community-acquired UTI. These results could contribute to improve risk management, including identification of at-risk patient groups.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance among the Lahu hill tribe people, northern Thailand: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophaphan Intahphuak ◽  
Tawatchai Apidechkul ◽  
Patita Kuipiaphum
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hill Tribe ◽  
The Hill

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance is often reported and great concerned as one of public health problems especially people living with poverty in developing countries including Thailand. The hill tribe people is defined as vulnerable population for antibiotic resistance in Thailand due to poor economic and education status particularly the Lahu people who is the second greatest group of the hill tribe people in Thailand. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence, factors associated with, and typing major species of bacteria with antibiotic drugs resistance among the Lahu hill tribe people in northern Thailand. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to gather the information from the participants. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Participants who presented an illness related to infectious diseases were eligible to participate the study and were asked to obtain specific specimen; sputum, urine or stool. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by Kirbey Bauer’s disc diffusion test. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to detect the associations between variables at the significant level of α = 0.05. Results A total of 240 participants were recruited into the study. The majority had urinary tract infection (67.9%) with two major pathogenic species of the infection; Escherichia coli (12.8%), and Enterobacter cloacae (8.0%). The prevalence of antibiotic resistance was 16.0%. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae species were found to have multidrug resistance that was greater than that of other species, while ampicillin was found to have the greatest drug resistance. It was found that those who had poor knowledge of antibiotic use had a 2.56-fold greater chance (95% CI = 1.09–5.32) of having antibiotic resistance than did those who had good knowledge of antibiotic use, and those who had poor antibiotic use behaviors had a 1.79-fold greater chance (95% CI = 1.06–4.80) of having antibiotic resistance than did those who had good antibiotic use behaviors. Conclusion Effective public health interventions are urgently needed to reduce antibiotic drug resistance among the Lahu people by improving their knowledge and skills regarding the proper use of antibiotics and eventually minimizing antibiotic resistance. Moreover, health care professionals should strictly follow the standard guideline to prescribe antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance among the Lahu hill tribe people in northern Thailand: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOPHAPHAN INTAHPHUAK ◽  
TAWATCHAI APIDECHKUL ◽  
PATITA KUIPIAPHUM
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hill Tribe ◽  
Antibiotic Drug

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance is often reported and is of major concern as a public health problem. The hill tribe people in Thailand are considered populations vulnerable to antibiotic resistance due to their poor economic and educational status. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of, the factors associated with, and the major species of bacteria involved in antibiotic drug resistance among the Lahu hill tribe people in northern Thailand. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to gather information from participants between March and September 2019. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Participants who presented an illness related to infectious diseases were eligible to participate in the study and were asked to obtain specific specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by the Kirbey-Bauer disk diffusion test. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to detect the associations between variables at the significance level of α = 0.05. Results A total of 240 participants were recruited into the study; 70.4% were females, 25.4% were aged 30–40 years. More than half worked in the agricultural sector (55.4%) and had an education level of less than primary school (45.8%). The majority had urinary tract infections (67.9%) with two major pathogenic species of the infection: Escherichia coli (12.8%) and Enterobacter cloacae (8.0%). The prevalence of antibiotic resistance was 16.0%. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae species were found to have multidrug resistance that was greater than that of other species, while ampicillin was found to have the greatest drug resistance. In the multivariate model, it was found that those who had poor knowledge of antibiotic use had a 2.56-fold greater chance (95% CI = 1.09–5.32) of having antibiotic resistance than did those who had good knowledge of antibiotic use, and those who had poor antibiotic use behaviors had a 1.79-fold greater chance (95% CI = 1.06–4.80) of having antibiotic resistance than did those who had good antibiotic use behaviors. Conclusion Effective public health interventions are urgently needed to reduce antibiotic drug resistance among the Lahu people by improving their knowledge and skills regarding the proper use of antibiotics and eventually minimizing antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Evaluating Association between Glycosylated Hemoglobin and the Spectrum and Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogens: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Haghighi ◽  
Hamid Kariman ◽  
Mohammad Sistanizad
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Possible Cause

Background: Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens causing community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a worldwide concern. It has been suggested that diabetes could be a possible cause of antibiotic resistance. This study was undertaken to identify the responsible microbial culprits for UTI in patients with different range of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and evaluate their corresponding resistance pattern. Methods: In a cross-sectional study between 2013 to 2018, data related to the urine culture and sensitivity of patients who had bacteriuria were gathered. For patients with positive urine culture, HbA1C was requested and correlations between HbA1C level with microorganism and its susceptibility were evaluated. Results: In total, 121 patients were recruited. All study participants were female. The mean age of the patients was 50.2 ± 22.5 (range 19-96). All study participants were of the same race. Fifteen (12.4%) out of 121 patients were diabetics. There were no difference between bacteriology of UTIs in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with the preponderance being caused by E. coli and other gram-negative organisms but, there were positive association between HbA1C and resistance to Nalidixic acid and Gentamicin. Conclusion: Our study supports the findings that diabetes in itself could be a possible cause of antibiotic resistance to some antimicrobial agents.   J Pharm Care 2019; 7(3): 70-74.

scholarly journals Incidence of urinary tract infections and antibiotic resistance in the outpatient setting: a cross-sectional study

Infection ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Rossignol ◽  
Sophie Vaux ◽  
Sylvie Maugat ◽  
Alexandre Blake ◽  
Roxane Barlier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Prevalence of urinary tract infections and antibiogram of uropathogens isolated from children under five attending Bagamoyo District Hospital in Tanzania: A cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Raphael Z. Sangeda ◽  
Franco Paul ◽  
Deus M. Mtweve
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition in children that recurs frequently. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of UTIs among children under five attending Bagamoyo District Hospital and determine its association with nutritional status. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 214 children under five years old attending Bagamoyo District Hospital in Tanzania. Midstream urine was collected in sterile conditions and bottles. Samples were transported to the laboratory to isolate bacteria using cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar.  Identification was undertaken using Gram staining, single iron agar test, sulfide-indole motility (SIM) test, and catalase and oxidase tests. A susceptibility test was done using the disc diffusion method. Anthropometric measurements were employed to assess malnutrition status and body mass index was determined using each child's weight and height. Results: Of the 214 children under five enrolled in the study, 123 (57.4%) were girls and 91 (42.6%) were boys. A total of 35 children were confirmed UTI-positive, making the prevalence 16.4%. Of positive children, 17 (7.9%) were girls and 18 (8.4%) were boys. The UTI prevalence was higher in boys than in girls but not statistically significant (p=0.244). Among the isolated uropathogens, Escherichia coli were common bacteria accounting for 65.7% of all isolates. The rate of other uropathogens isolated was Klebsiella spp. (17.1%), Pseudomonas spp. Proteus spp (11.4%) and (2.9%) and Staphylococci spp. (2.9%). The antibiogram of the isolated bacterial uropathogens showed high in-vitro resistance ranging from 90-95% to erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin. Conclusion: The prevalence of UTI for children under five was 16.4%. The most common causative agent of UTI was Escherichia coli. There was no association between UTI status and malnutrition status of the children. High resistance to antibiotics calls for antimicrobial stewardship and surveillance to preserve antibiotics' effectiveness in treating uropathogens.

scholarly journals Common impairments and functional limitations of HIV sequelae that require physiotherapy rehabilitation in the medical wards at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Malawi: A cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Gift Treighcy Banda
Keyword(s):  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Wards ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital

IntroductionThe progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) have resulted in a range of complications, which affect different body systems and result in functional limitations and disabling impairments. ObjectiveTo investigate HIV-related impairments and functional limitations that require physiotherapy rehabilitation in patients admitted to the medical wards at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. MethodsThis was a descriptive quantitative cross-sectional study involving the participation of 32 female (59.3%) and 22 male (40.7%) adults living with HIV and admitted to the medical wards at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital. We collected data using a questionnaire that consisted of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2 (WHODAS2.0) and some demographic questions. Results were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). ResultsParticipation in society was the most frequently reported functional complication; the least common limitation was getting along with people (70.3%, n = 38 participants) and interaction with others (24%; n=13). Shortness of breath (55%; n=30), muscle weakness (44.4%; n=24) and joint and muscle pain (37%; n=20) were the most commonly reported impairments. Participation restriction in the society affected both males (77.3%) and females (70.7%). The least common limitation that required physiotherapy for both males and females was getting along with people (26.6% and 25%, respectively). On average, male and female participants had a disability severity score of 48.5±4.6 and 42.2±22.8, respectively. ConclusionOur data showed that there is a clear need for early intervention to halt or delay the progression of complications to avoid severe disability; this is not only good for the patient but also for the socioeconomic state of the nation. Timely and full functional assessment, as well as referral of people living with HIV/AIDS for rehabilitation, is an important step forwards.

scholarly journals An evaluation of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in urinary tract infections from Aguascalientes, Mexico: cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flor Y. Ramírez-Castillo ◽  
Adriana C. Moreno-Flores ◽  
Francisco J. Avelar-González ◽  
Francisco Márquez-Díaz ◽  
Josée Harel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Occurrence of Escherichia Coli in Packaged Drinking Water Distributed in Katabi Sub County Uganda. A Cross Sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David Serunjogi ◽  
Marion Byonanebye ◽  
Emmanuel Kizza
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sachet Water

Background: The world health organization (WHO) estimates that about a 1.1billion people drink unsafe water globally, and over 1.7 million deaths occur annually due to the consumption of water that is of faecal origin. Water in sachets is readily available and affordable but there is no concern about its safety. The purpose of this study was to assess the occurrence of Escherichia coli in packaged drinking water distributed in the Katabi sub country using the membrane filtration technique, isolation of organisms, and subjecting them to biochemical tests. The study was conducted in 2017. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was used where Rwenzori, Riham water, Nevana, Highland, Blue wave, and sachet water were purposively selected in the main trading center within the Wakiso district. A total of 5 bottled water and 10 sachets of water were used. Duplicate sample (2) bottles of water from each were used. Therefore 30 samples of packaged water were used in this study. The bacteria were grown on media and confirmed using biochemical tests. Results: Sachet water contained pink lactose fermenting colonies on MacConkey culture media. Bottled water had no growth. The pink colonies were positive with Kligler iron agar (KIA), triple sugar iron agar (TSI), and sulphur and indole motility (SIM) positive. Conclusion and recommendation The majority of sachet water was contaminated with Escherichia coli an indicator of faecal contamination; and therefore, unsuitable for human consumption. The government of Uganda should carry out surveillance activities to enforce strict hygienic measures on sachet water producers and distributors.

Prevalence of COVID-19-like Symptoms among People Living with HIV, and Using Antiretroviral Therapy for Prevention and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi ◽  
Maryam Ghadimi ◽  
Mahboubeh Hajiabdolbaghi ◽  
Mehrnaz Rasoolinejad ◽  
Ladan Abbasian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: COVID-19 has spread globally with remarkable speed, and currently, there is limited data available exploring any aspect of the intersection between HIV and SARSCoV- 2 co-infection. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of clinical symptoms associated with COVID-19 among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Tehran, Iran. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 200 PLWH were recruited through the positive club via sampling, and completed the symptom-based questionnaire for COVID-19, which was delivered by trained peers. Results: Of 200 participants, respiratory symptoms, including cough, sputum, and shortness of breath, were the most prevalent among participants, but only one person developed symptoms collectively suggested COVID-19 and sought treatments. Conclusions: It appears that existing infection with HIV or receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) might reduce the susceptibility to the infection with SARS-CoV-2 or decrease the severity of the infection acquired. Further research is needed to understand causal mechanisms.

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