Vitamin D status and vitamin D deficiency risk factors among pregnancy of Shanghai in China

Abstract Background There is increasing awareness that vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women may be associated with several adverse effects for the mother and newborn. The risks for vitamin D deficiency are unclear. This study was to assess vitamin D nutritional status and vitamin D deficiency risk factors among pregnant women in Shanghai in China. Methods This study is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Sixth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. A total of 953 healthy pregnant women participated, serological examinations and other variables included serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], total blood cholesterol (TCh), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, triglycerides at the first antenatal visit (12–14 weeks) pregnancy parity and age, body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, and completed OGTTs test. Associations between vitamin D deficiency and possible predictors (age group, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, and gestational hyperlipemia) were assessed with a multinomial logistic regression analysis. And also used to investigate the effects of 25(OH)D and the other variables on the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus. Results The mean vitamin D level of pregnancy was 16 (a range from 11 to 21) ng/ml, and severe vitamin D deficiency was 31.8% (303); vitamin D deficiency was 40.7% (388); vitamin D insufficiency was 25.1% (239); normal vitamin D was 2.4%(23). Vitamin D deficiency risk factors were age over 30, parity over 2, overweight, obese, and hyperlipemia. The increasing level of vitamin D nutritional status in pregnancy is significantly related to reducing gestational diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusions It is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Chinese pregnancy in Shanghai. Aging more than 30 years, the parity of more than 2, overweight and obesity, and hyperlipemia are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Public health strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency should focus on those risks to promote health pregnancy of Shanghai in China.

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Vitamin D status and risk factors among pregnancy of shanghai in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-244871/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

chun yang ◽

Jing Wu ◽

Sheng Ge ◽

Wenguang Sun

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density ◽

Vitamin D Status

Abstract Background This study was to assess vitamin D nutritional status and risk factors among pregnancy of shanghai in China. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted in the Sixth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. All pregnancy was measured for plasma vitamin D, total blood cholesterol (TCh), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, and completed OGTTs test. Age, height, and weight variables came from their electronic medical records. Criteria for vitamin D status were: <12 ng/ml: severe deficiency; 12–19 ng/ml: deficiency; 20–29 ng/ml: insufficiency; 30–50 ng/ml: normal; and > 50 ng/ml (particularly > 60 ng/ml): possibly leading to adverse effects. Vitamin D was measured from December 2016 to April 2017. Results Our study included 953 pregnant women. The mean vitamin D level of pregnancy was 16.06 (range 10.90 to 20.60) ng/ml,and severe vitamin D deficiency was 31.79%(303); vitamin D deficiency was 40.71 %(388); vitamin D insufficiency was 25.08%(239); normal vitamin D was 2.42%(23). Vitamin D deficiency risk factors were age over 30, parity over 2, overweight, obese, gestational diabetes mellitus, and hyperglycemia. Conclusions It is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency of Chinese pregnancy in shanghai. Aging more than 30 years, the parity of more than 2, overweight and obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Public health strategies should focus on the population of pregnancy in shanghai in China.

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Effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2021-0408 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 70-86

Author(s):

Fatemeh Alsadat Rahnemaei ◽

Reza Pakzad ◽

Azam Amirian ◽

Iraj Pakzad ◽

Fatemeh Abdi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density

Abstract Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can have adverse effects on pregnancy. GDM is associated with changes in the lipid profile of pregnant women. Finding out the early ways to diagnose GDM can prevent the adverse outcomes. This meta-analysis study aimed to determine the effect of GDM on lipid profile. PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrial were systematically searched for published articles relating to GDM until 2021 according to PRISMA guidelines. Newcastle Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the studies. Thirty-three studies with a sample size of 23,792 met the criteria for entering the meta-analysis. Pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) for total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) was 0.23 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.11–0.34) and 1.14 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.91–1.38), respectively. The mean of TC and TG in people with GDM was higher than that in normal pregnant women. A similar pattern was observed for the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and TG/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, with pooled SMD of 0.99 mg (95% CI: 0.71–1.27) and 0.65 mg (95% CI: 0.36–0.94), respectively. Pooled SMD for HDL was −0.35 mg/dL (95% CI: −0.54 to −0.16), women with GDM had a mean HDL lower than normal pregnant women. Although pooled SMD was higher for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the GDM group, this difference was not significant (0.14 [95% CI: −0.04 to 0.32]). Of all the lipid profiles, the largest difference between the GDM and control groups was observed in TG (SMD: 1.14). Elevated serum TG had the strongest effect on GDM. Higher levels of TC, LDL, VLDL, and TG/HDL ratio, and lower level of HDL were exhibited in GDM group. So, these markers can be considered as a reliable marker in the diagnosis of GDM.

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First trimester prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus using plasma biomarkers: a case-control study

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2018-0120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 161-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Paula J. Correa ◽

Pia Venegas ◽

Yasna Palmeiro ◽

Daniela Albers ◽

Gregory Rice ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

First Trimester ◽

Case Control ◽

Low Density ◽

Control Study

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the first trimester maternal biomarkers for early pregnancy prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsThe study was a case-control study of healthy women with singleton pregnancies at the first trimester carried out at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clinica Davila, Santiago, Chile. After obtaining informed consent, peripheral blood samples of pregnant women under 14 weeks of gestation were collected. At 24–28 weeks of pregnancy, women were classified as GDM (n=16) or controls (n=80) based on the results of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In all women, we measured concentrations of fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, uric acid, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), adiponectin, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), leptin and placental growth factor (PGF).ResultsThe GDM group displayed an increased median concentration of cholesterol (P=0.04), triglycerides (P=0.003), insulin (P=0.003), t-PA (P=0.0088) and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) (P=0.003) and an increased mean concentration of LDL (P=0.009) when compared to the control group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for significant variables achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.870, a sensitivity of 81.4% and a specificity of 80.0%. The OGTT was positive for GDM according to the IADPSG (International Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group) criteria.ConclusionWomen who subsequently developed GDM showed higher levels of blood-borne biomarkers during the first trimester, compared to women who did not develop GDM. These data warrant validation in a larger cohort.

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BIOMARKER YANG BERPOTENSI MENDETEKSI RISIKO DIABETES MELLITUS GESTASIONAL PADA MASA PRAKONSEPSI

JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia ◽

10.53366/jimki.v8i1.38 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 58-63

Author(s):

Rima Novisca Jasmadi ◽

Intanri Kurniati

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Low Density ◽

Hormone Binding ◽

Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽

Total Adiponectin

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Diabetes mellitus gestasional adalah gangguan intoleransi glukosa pada masa kehamilan. Diabetes mellitus gestasional merupakan komplikasi yang paling sering terjadi pada kehamilan, ditemukan pada 5-9% dari kehamilan. Ibu hamil yang menderita diabetes mellitus gestasional dapat meningkatkan risiko hipertensi selama kehamilan, persalinan secara cesar, dan macrosomia (berat badan bayi yang lahir lebih dari 4000 gram). Risiko jangka panjang yang dapat dialami oleh ibu hamil dengan diabetes mellitus gestasional yaitu peningkatan risiko menderita penyakit diabetes serta penyakit kardiovaskular dan pada bayi yang dilahirkan akan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya obesitas, intoleransi glukosa, dan diabetes. Pembahasan: Proses patogenik terjadinya diabetes mellitus gestasional sudah di mulai dari sebelum kehamilan. Identifikasi wanita yang berisiko tinggi mengalami diabetes mellitus gestasional akan sangat bermanfaat apabila dilakukan sebelum kehamilan agar dapat dilakukan intervensi pada saat prakonsepsi untuk mengurangi risiko terjadinya diabetes mellitus gestasional pada saat hamil nantinya. Ada beberapa jenis biomarker yang bisa digunakan untuk mendeteksi risiko diabetes mellitus gestasional, di antaranya total adiponectin, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) peak diameter dan gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Kesimpulan: Penggunaan lebih dari satu biomarker memiliki skor yang lebih tinggi dalam mengidentifikasi diabetes mellitus gestasional dibandingkan hanya dengan satu biomarker saja. Wanita yang diperiksa dengan 3 atau 4 biomarker memiliki peluang teridentifikasi diabetes mellitus gestasional 10 kali lipat lebih besar. Kata kunci: Biomarker, Diabetes mellitus gestasional, Prakonsepsi ABSTRACT Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a glucose intolerance disorders during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus is the most common complication in pregnancy, found in 5-9% of pregnancies. Pregnant women that suffer gestational diabetes mellitus can increase risk of hypertension during pregnancy, caesarean delivery, and macrosomia (babies’ weight more than 4000 grams). Long-term risks that can be experienced by pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus are an increased risk of suffering from diabetes and cardiovascular disease and in babies born will increase the risk of obesity, glucose intolerance, and diabetes. Discussion: The pathogenic process of gestational diabetes mellitus begins before pregnancy. Identification of women at high risk of having gestational diabetes mellitus will be very useful if done before pregnancy, that intervention can be done at the time of preconception to reduce the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus in future pregnancy. There are several types of biomarkers that can be used to detect the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, including total adiponectin, sex hormone-binding globulin Tinjauan Pustaka JIMKI Volume 8 No.1 | November 2019 – Februari 2020 59 (SHBG), total high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) peak diameter and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Conclusion: Use of more than one biomarker has a higher score in identifying gestational diabetes mellitus compared to just one biomarker. Women examined with 3 or 4 biomarkers had a 10-fold greater chance of being identified as gestational diabetes mellitus. Keyword: Biomarkers, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Preconception

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Body Mass Index and Blood Lipids Underpin The Correlation Between The Age At Menarche and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-805792/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dongjian Yang ◽

Ya Yang ◽

Jingjin Shi ◽

Xiaoyue Cheng ◽

Lei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Age At Menarche

Abstract Background The age of menarche affects the metabolic activities in pregnant women. However, data on the factors that define the association between age at menarche and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains scant. Methods Logistic regression models coupled with restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the effect of menarche on GDM. We stratified the participants by age at pregnancy, fetal gender, and parity. We interrogated the role of BMI before pregnancy, BMI gain during pregnancy, and blood lipids in early pregnancy in mediating GDM. Results With menarche age ≤ 12 years as the control, women with menarche ages of 13, 14, and ≥ 15 years had 0.91 (95%CI, 0.85 to 0.97), 0.87 (95%CI, 0.81 to 0.93), and 0.85 (95%CI, 0.79 to 0.91) odds ratio for GDM. There were similar and pronounced effects in advanced-age pregnancy, with male fetuses and primiparous women. We showed that pre-pregnancy BMI and blood lipids such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein in early pregnancy mediate the association between age at menarche and GDM. Conclusion Taken together, our data demonstrated that menarche at early ages fuels the development of GDM. For pregnant women with early menarche should reduce BMI and blood lipid levels before pregnancy.

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A Comparison of Serum Levels of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D in Pregnant Women at Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Women Without Risk Factors

Materia Socio Medica ◽

10.5455/msm.2015.27.318-322 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 318 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lobat Jafarzadeh ◽

Akram Motamedi ◽

Masoud Behradmanesh ◽

Raziyeh Hashemi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

At Risk ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Serum Levels ◽

25 Hydroxy Vitamin D

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Gestational diabetes mellitus, Vitamin D status and fetomaternal outcome

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193555 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 3300

Author(s):

Rekha T. ◽

Shazia Parveen ◽

Nasreen Noor ◽

Seema Hakim ◽

Shagufta Moin

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Medical Complication ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Background: Diabetes is the most common medical complication of pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency which was initially considered only to influence bone metabolism, is now known to exert a wide spectrum of extra-skeletal effects. Vitamin D deficiency is closely associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, it also leads to adverse maternal and child outcome. Objective of this study was to compare the vitamin D levels in healthy pregnant women and women with gestational diabetes mellitus and to observe the feto-maternal outcome.Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 160 pregnant women between the age group 20-40 years attending the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of JNMC, AMU, Aligarh from October 2016 to October 2018. Women were divided into group A- normal pregnant women and group B- women with GDM. Estimation of vitamin D was done in both the groups.Results: Mean vitamin D levels were lower in women with GDM as compared to normal pregnant women.Conclusions: Women with vitamin D deficiency have an increased risk of developing GDM and adverse feto maternal outcome as compared to those who had normal level of vitamin.

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Maternal Vitamin D Status in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Women

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i1931079 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 55-63

Author(s):

Zainedeen Nassar ◽

Mazen Alzaharna

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gaza Strip ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Vitamin D Status

Aims: To assess vitamin D status among Gestational Diabetes Mellitus pregnant women in Gaza Strip. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from pregnant women attending primary health care centers, Gaza, Gaza Strip. Methodology: The study comprised 90 participants, 45 GDM pregnant women and 45 apparently healthy pregnant women. Serum vitamin D and insulin levels were measured by ELISA, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), phosphorus and calcium were determined chemically. Blood pressure was measured. Body mass index (BMI) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were calculated. Ethical approval was acquired from Helsinki committee. All data was analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: The average vitamin D in GDM cases was lower than that in controls (P=0.031). There was an increase in the average of FBG, OGTT, HbA1c and insulin levels in GDM cases versus controls (P<0.001). The average levels of serum cholesterol, TG and LDL were significantly higher in cases as compared to controls. The average systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were higher in GDM cases in relation to controls. Pearson correlation test showed a significant negative correlation between vitamin D and the parameters: BMI, glucose, OGTT, HbA1c and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Conclusion: Vitamin D was lower in GDM women compared to controls. Low vitamin D status may be associated with insulin resistance and act as a risk factor for GDM.

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Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy and its correlation with preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20170551 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 890 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ankita Kumari ◽

Shaila Mitra ◽

Harish C Tiwari ◽

Reena Srivastav

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Health Concern ◽

Control Group ◽

The Impact

Background: Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and has been recognised as a public health concern. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of Vitamin D deficiency on maternal complications like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE) among pregnant women.Methods: This was a case control study undertaken at antenatal clinics and indoor of BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Two maternal blood samples, one at <20 weeks and other at term along with cord blood at delivery were taken. Patients were classified into preeclampsia (n=60), gestational diabetes mellitus (n=35) and control group (n=180) after abstracting past medical records at delivery. Vitamin D was estimated by 25- Hydroxyvitamin D125 RIA kit and categorized according to ACOG criteria. Statistical analysis was done by using chi square test, binary logistic regression and Pearson’s correlation coefficient to compare between two variables. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of 275 women included in the study, 78% of women were Vitamin D deficient. Mean serum vitamin D was significantly lower among preeclamptic women 11.53±6.22 ng/ml and GDM women 12.62±6.69 ng/ml as compared to controls 24.25±14.44 ng/ml (median=18.2 ng/ml) (P<0.05). Vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in pregnant women GDM (94.28% vs 68.3%) and preeclampsia (96.67% vs 68.3%) when compared to uncomplicated group.Conclusions: Maternal vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in early pregnancy and is significantly associated with elevated risk for GDM and preeclampsia.

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