scholarly journals Predictive value of early amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) in sleep related problems in children with perinatal hypoxic-ischemia (HIE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyan Tian ◽  
Yizhi Pan ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Li-xiao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemia ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Breathing Problem ◽  
Background Pattern

Abstract Background While great attention has been paid to motor and cognitive impairments in children with neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE), sleep related circadian rhythm problems, although commonly present, are often neglected. Subsequently, no early clinical indicators have been reported to correlate with sleep-related circadian dysfunction during development. Methods In this study, we first analyzed patterns of the amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) in a cohort of newborns with various degrees of HIE. Next, during follow-ups, we collected information of sleep and circadian related problems in these patients and performed correlation analysis between aEEG parameters and different sleep/circadian disorders. Results A total of 101 neonates were included. Our results demonstrated that abnormal aEEG background pattern is significantly correlated with circadian rhythmic (r = 0.289, P = 0.01) and breathing issues during sleep (r = 0.237, P = 0.037). In contrast, the establishment of sleep–wake cycle (SWC) showed no correlation with sleep/circadian problems. Detailed analysis showed that summation of aEEG score, along with low base voltage (r = 0.272, P = 0.017 and r = -0.228, P = 0.048, respectively), correlates with sleep circadian problems. In contrast, background pattern (BP) score highly correlates with sleep breathing problem (r = 0.319, P = 0.004). Conclusion Abnormal neonatal aEEG pattern is correlated with circadian related sleep problems. Our study thus provides novel insights into predictive values of aEEG in sleep-related circadian problems in children with HIE.

scholarly journals Methionine Restriction Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Gut-Brain Axis Circadian Rhythm Disorders and Cognitive Impairments (P08-052-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luanfeng Wang ◽  
Bo Ren ◽  
Zhigang Liu ◽  
Xuebo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Methionine Restriction ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Disorders

Abstract Objectives Methionine restriction (MR) has emerged as a promising dietary restriction on metabolic syndrome as its beneficial effects on increasing metabolic flexibility and up-regulating mitochondrial function. The circadian clock directs many aspects of metabolism and macronutrients can function as zeitgebers for the clock in a tissue-specific way. It has been demonstrated that high-fat diet could alter daily oscillations via gut-brain axis. We hypothesis that MR is a new strategy could reverse the high-fat diet induced circadian rhythm disorders and cognitive impairments. Methods 3 month-old male C57BL/6 J mice were assigned to four groups based on diet: low-fat diet (0.86% methionine), low-fat diet with MR(0.17% methionine), high-fat diet, and high-fat diet with MR. After 8 weeks treatment, we employed behavioral test, transmission electron microscope, and 16S rDNA sequencing to evaluate cognitive function, rhythmic variation and the interconnection between gut microbiota and central nervous system. Results MR diminished HFD-induced body weight gain and restored the glucose tolerance at ZT0 (light phase) and ZT12 (dark phase). The neuroprotective effects of MR were connected with the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity. MR changed energy metabolism via activated mTOR/ULK/AMPK signaling in brain. MR ameliorated rhythmic oscillations of clock control gene Bmal1/Per2 in gut-brain axis. Moreover, MR attenuated HFD-induced intestinal inflammatory and protected gut barrier integrity via enhancing the expression of intestinal tight junction protein. The gut microbiome was re-shaped by MR treatment, accompanied by the alteration of short chain fatty acids, the microbial products mediating systemic metabolism and has benefits on brain function. MR increased microbiota-derived butyric and isovaleric which possible synchronizers of peripheral circadian clocks. Conclusions The present study provided comprehensive evidence that MR attenuated obesity-induced cognitive impairment via balancing the circadian rhythm in gut-brain axis and that is a potential new therapeutic avenue for treating metabolic syndrome-related neurodegenerative diseases. Funding Sources This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Circadian dysrhythm and advanced prostate cancer.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 199-199
Author(s):  
Lorelei A. Mucci ◽  
Sarah Markt ◽  
Lara Sigurdardottir ◽  
Steven W. Lockley ◽  
Katja Fall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
P Value ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Falling Asleep

199 Background: The circadian rhythm regulates diverse biologic pathways including tumor oncogenes, metabolism, and cell proliferation. Dysregulation of the circadian rhythm arises from faulty input signals such as exposure to light at night, variability in core circadian rhythm genes, and variation in outputs that regulate circadian behavior including melatonin. There is compelling biologic rationale, but little human data, on circadian dysrhythm and advanced prostate cancer. Methods: We undertook an integrative molecular epidemiology study of circadian dysrhythm and advanced prostate cancer among men in the Icelandic AGES-Reykjavik cohort and the U.S. Health Professionals Follow-up Study, which allowed integration of questionnaire data, biorepositories, and long-term follow-up. We characterized circadian dysrhythm using complimentary approaches: information on sleep problems from questionnaires, prediagnostic melatonin (6-sulfatoxymelatonin) measured on first morning void urine samples, and genetic variation across twelve circadian clock genes. We used multivariable regression models to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of associations with advanced prostate cancer, adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Twenty percent of men reported sleep problems. Men who had trouble falling asleep (RR = 2.1; 95% CI 0.7-6.2) and staying asleep (RR=3.2, 95% CI 1.1-9.7) had an increased risk of developing advanced prostate cancer. Men with sleep problems had significantly lower melatonin levels compared to those without. Low melatonin levels were associated with a statistically significant 4-fold higher risk of advanced prostate cancer compared to those with high levels (95% CI: 1.25-10.0). Variant alleles in two SNPs in cryptochrome (CRY1), involved in generating and maintaining circadian rhythms, were significantly associated with risk of advanced prostate cancer in both cohorts, with a gene-level p-value<0.01. Conclusions: Our results suggest there are multiple nodes in the circadian rhythm that are associated with an increased risk of advanced prostate cancer. As such, there is the potential for complimentary strategies to target circadian disruption and reduce the risk of advanced prostate cancer.

The factor structure of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ): a scaled version for general practice in Spain

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 478-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Molina ◽  
C. Andrade-Rosa ◽  
S. González-Parra ◽  
H. Blasco-Fontecilla ◽  
M.A. Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Health ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Primary Care Setting ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
English Population ◽  
Components Analysis

AbstractBackgroundThe 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) developed by Goldberg and Hillier in 1979 is constructed on the basis of a principal components analysis of the GHQ-60. When used on a Spanish population, a translation of the GHQ-28 developed for an English population may lead to worse predictive values.MethodsWe used our Spanish sample to replicate the entire process of construction of the GHQ-28 administered in a primary-care setting.ResultsTwo shorter versions were proposed: one with six scales and 30 items, and the other with four scales and 28 items.ConclusionsThe resulting GHQ-28 was a successful adaptation for use on the Spanish sample. When compared with the original version, only 21 items were the same. Moreover, contrary to the English version, which groups sleep problems and anxiety in the same scale, a scale with items related exclusively to ‘Sleep disturbances’ was found.

Treatment of Pediatric Sleep Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 587-624
Author(s):  
Chana Chin ◽  
Iris A. Perez
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Pediatric Sleep Disorders ◽  
Pediatric Sleep

Sleep problems are common in childhood and are associated significant morbidities negatively impacting the patient and family and thus necessitating early intervention and treatment. This chapter is focused on management addressing the etiology and predisposing and precipitating factors of sleep disorders spanning from infancy to childhood and adolescence. Current recommendations for safe infant sleep, promotion of sleep hygiene strategies in childhood, and treatment options of representative pediatric sleep disorders such as sleep-disordered breathing, insomnia, sleep-related movement disorders, circadian rhythm disorders, and hypersomnia are reviewed. Additionally, management of sleep disorders unique to medical disorders such as Prader-Willi syndrome, Down syndrome, and autism also are addressed.

scholarly journals CLOCK Polymorphisms in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Further Evidence Linking Sleep and Circadian Disturbances and ADHD

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Carpena ◽  
Mara Hutz ◽  
Angélica Salatino-Oliveira ◽  
Guilherme Polanczyk ◽  
Cristian Zeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Circadian and sleep disorders, short sleep duration, and evening chronotype are often present in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). CLOCK, considered the master gene in the circadian rhythm, has been explored by few studies. Understanding the relationship between ADHD and CLOCK may provide additional information to understand the correlation between ADHD and sleep problems. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between ADHD and CLOCK, using several genetic markers to comprehensively cover the gene extension. A total of 259 ADHD children and their parents from a Brazilian clinical sample were genotyped for eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CLOCK locus. We tested the individual markers and the haplotype effects using binary logistic regression. Binary logistic and linear regressions considering ADHD symptoms among ADHD cases were conducted as secondary analysis. As main result, the analysis showed a risk effect of the G-A-T-G-G-C-G-A (rs534654, rs1801260, rs6855837, rs34897046, rs11931061, rs3817444, rs4864548, rs726967) haplotype on ADHD. A suggestive association between ADHD and rs534654 was observed. The results suggest that the genetic susceptibility to circadian rhythm attributed to the CLOCK gene may play an important role on ADHD.

scholarly journals Proinflammatory and Hepatic Features Related to Morbidity and Fatal Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3112
Author(s):  
Omar Ramos-Lopez ◽  
Rodrigo San-Cristobal ◽  
Diego Martinez-Urbistondo ◽  
Víctor Micó ◽  
Gonzalo Colmenarejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Therapy Decision ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
Liver Markers

Objective: to screen putative associations between liver markers and proinflammatory-related features concerning infectious morbidity and fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Methods: a total of 2094 COVID-19 positive patients from the COVID-DATA-SAFE-LIFES cohort (HM hospitals consortium) were classified according to median values of hepatic, inflammatory, and clinical indicators. Logistic regression models were fitted and ROC cures were generated to explain disease severity and mortality. Results: intensive care unit (ICU) assistance plus death outcomes were associated with liver dysfunction, hyperinflammation, respiratory insufficiency, and higher associated comorbidities. Four models including age, sex, neutrophils, D-dimer, oxygen saturation lower than 92%, C-reactive protein (CRP), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), FIB-4 and interactions with CRP, neutrophils, and CCI explained ICU plus death variance in more than 28%. The predictive values of ROC curves were: FIB-4 (0.7339), AST/ALT ratio (0.7107), CRP (0.7003), CCI index (0.6778), neutrophils (0.6772), and platelets (0.5618) concerning ICU plus death outcomes. Conclusions: the results of this research revealed that liver and proinflammatory features are important determinants of COVID-19 morbidity and fatal outcomes, which could improve the current understanding of the COVID-19 physiopathology as well as to facilitate the clinical management and therapy decision-making of this disease under a personalized medicine scope.

scholarly journals A wake-up call - revealing the oversight of sleep physiology and related translational discrepancies in studies of rapid-acting antidepressants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okko Alitalo ◽  
Roosa Saarreharju ◽  
Carlos A Zarate ◽  
Samuel Kohtala ◽  
Tomi Rantamaki
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Polar Opposite ◽  
Behavioural Tests

Depression and sleep problems go hand-in-hand, while clinical improvement often emerges along the normalization of sleep architecture and realignment of the circadian rhythm. Antidepressant effects of sleep deprivation and cognitive behavioural therapy targeted at insomnia further demonstrate the confluence of sleep and mood. Moreover, recent literature showing that ketamine influences many processes related to sleep-wake neurobiology, have led to novel hypotheses explaining rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. Surprisingly, studies addressing antidepressant effects of ketamine have had a narrow focus on solely on pharmacological aspects and often ignore the role of physiology. To illustrate this discrepancy, we conducted a literature review on articles around rapid-acting antidepressants published between 2009-2019. A gross keyword check indicated overall ignorance of sleep in most studies. To investigate the topic closer, we focused on the most cited preclinical and clinical research papers. Circadian rhythm, timing of drug administration and behavioural tests relative to light cycles, sleep, and their potential association with experimental observations were mentioned only in a handful of the papers. Most importantly, in preclinical reports the treatments have been preferentially delivered during the inactive period, which is polar opposite to clinical practice and research. We hope this report serves as a wake-up call for sleep in the field and urges re-examining rapid-acting antidepressant effects from the perspective of wake-sleep physiology.

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders as a Possible Side Effect of Fluvoxamine

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haggai Hermesh ◽  
Hadas Lemberg ◽  
Judith Abadi ◽  
Yaron Dagan
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleeping Pills ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractSleep problems, day somnolence, and fatigue as a result of psychotropic drugs are very common. Psychiatrists usually consider these effects a result of insomnia and treat them by prescribing sleeping pills or other benzodiazepine agents.We describe here 10 cases of circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD)—and not merely insomnia—as a possible side effect of fluvoxamine (FVA). Two other serotonin reuptake inhibitors, fluoxetine and clomipramine, did not induce CRSD in any of these 10 patients. We speculate that FVA-induced CRSD is caused by the effect of FVA on serotonin and melatonin levels in the central nervous system.CRSD as a side effect of FVA can be treated by replacing the suspected FVA or adding melatonin to a beneficial FVA treatment. Thus, it is important to be aware of possible iatrogenic CRSD in order to treat appropriately. Prospective studies are needed to confirm our observation and to study the influence of other psychotropic drugs on sleep-wake schedule.

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