Prevalence of depression and associated factors among elderly people in Womberma District, north-west, Ethiopia

Abstract Background Depression is a common mental disorder that suffers many elderly people who are neglected, their problems are overlooked, and no efforts are made to mitigate their suffering. It is a mental health problem which is both underdiagnosed and under treated in primary care settings. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among elderly people in Womberma District, Ethiopia. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 10/2020 - April 08/2020. From a 2269 study population, 959 study participants were selected by using computer-generated simple random sampling techniques from selected kebeles. Data were collected using Geriatric depression scale item 15 through face-to-face interviews. Then, entered into EpiData version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 23.0 for analyses. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to identify associated factors of depression. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was reported and statistical significance was declared at P-values < 0.05. Results The prevalence of depression among elderly people was 45% [95% CI: 41.7–48.5%]. Being female [AOR = 1.60, 95% CI [(1.15–2.23)], (age > =75 years [AOR = 7.95, 95% CI (4.98–12.68)], age 70–74 years [AOR = 5.52, 95% CI (3.52–8.66)], age 65–69 years [AOR = 2.39,95% CI (1.54–3.70)]; divorced [AOR = 2.53, 95% CI (1.59–4.03)], widowed [AOR = 2.65, 95% CI (1.61–4.34)]; poor social support [AOR = 3.32, 95% CI (1.77–6.23)] and presence of known chronic disease [AOR = 1.91, 95% CI (1.30–2.81)] were significantly associated factors with depression. Conclusions In this study, the prevalence of depression among elderly people was high compared with previous studies done in other parts of Ethiopia. Older age, being female, marital loss, presence of known chronic disease, and poor social support were contributing factors for depression among elders. Early screening and co-morbidity management of depression should be comprised in basic primary health care packages. And also, ensuring adequate social support by establishing the Geriatrics care center could play a crucial role to mitigate the suffering of the elders from marital loss provoked loneness and depression.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Orphan Adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Psychiatry Journal ◽

10.1155/2018/5025143 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mekdes Beze Demoze ◽

Dessie Abebaw Angaw ◽

Haregwoin Mulat

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Adolescent Depression ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Depression Scale ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Background. Orphan adolescents are a special group of people who are generally deprived and prone to develop psychiatric disorder even if reared in a well-run institution. Objective. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among orphan adolescents living in Addis Ababa orphan centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 among 453 orphan adolescents in Ethiopia. All orphan adolescents who were living in the selected orphan centers were included in the study. The data was collected by interviewing the orphan adolescents at the orphan center by using a structured questionnaire. Kocher adolescent depression scale and MSPSS scale were used to measure orphan level of depression and their perceived social support. After appropriate coding, the collected data had been entered into EPI info version 7 and it was exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. The OR with 95% CI was used to measure association and p value < 0.05 was used as statistically significant value in multivariable binary logistic regressions. Result. The overall prevalence of depression among the orphan adolescents was found to be 36.4%. The majority of the respondents, 302 (66.7%), were within the age range of 15-19 years. Perceived social support (OR 5.86; 95% CI 3.47, 9.91), community discrimination (OR 2.68; 95% CI 1.58, 4.56), length of stay (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.08, 3.35), age of entrance (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.32, 3.69), and presence of visitors (OR 3.62; 95% CI 2.06, 6.37) were the main variables associated with depression. Conclusion. The prevalence of depression among orphan adolescents was found to be high. Low level of social support, higher length of stay, community discrimination, the presence of visitors, and younger age of entrance were statistically significant variables to develop depression.

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Depression among Elderly people attending at Senior Citizen Home, Bhaktapur

Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/jmmihs.v3i1.19177 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 36-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bishnu Bhattarai ◽

S Poudyal

Keyword(s):

Chronic Illness ◽

Elderly People ◽

Day Care ◽

Family Income ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Care Center ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Day Care Center ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Introduction: Depression is the most common mental disorder in elderly people. The rapidly increasing growth of elderly population in developing countries including Nepal is at risk of increased population with depression.The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and level of depression among elderly people attending day care center at Sidhi Saligram Senoir Citizen Home.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out among the elderly people attending day care center at Siddhi Shaligram Senior Citizens Home, Bhaktapur. Non-probability convenience time frame sampling technique was used to collect the data. The total sample was112 respondents. Face-to-face interview was carried out using Geriatric Depression Scale Long Form. Data analysis was done with SPSS 16 version and simple descriptive statistics and chi-square were applied for data interpretationResults: The study findings show that the prevalence of depression, i.e. 56.2% had depression. Among the depressed respondents, 77.8% had mild depression and 22.2% had severe depression. Depression among elderly people was found to be significantly associated with the sex (p=0.05) and the presence of chronic illness (p=0.000). However association was not seen among the age, educational level, and marital status, type of family, Income and disability.Conclusion: Prevalence of depression was found high among elderly people. Counseling and group discussion in day care center with psycho social support focused to female suffering from chronic illness is recommended.Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 3, No. 1, 2017, page: 36-44

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Self-care Practice and Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Follow Up Patients at East Gojam Zone Public Hospitals, North West Ethiopia, 2021

10.21203/rs.3.rs-303339/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Haymanot Mitiku Zeleke ◽

Birtuka Assefa ◽

Teshager Sergo ◽

Nakachew Mekonnen

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Self Care ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Care Practice ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Poor Social Support ◽

Care Practices ◽

Unfavorable Attitude

Abstract Background: Self-care practice is crucial for the prevention and management of Hypertension. Poorly controlled hypertension leads to cardiovascular complication as well as organ damage. Despite the availability of several effective pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies, hypertension control remains suboptimal. Self-care practices allow hypertensive patients to have improved quality of life by avoiding complication and decrease health care expenditure. Objective: we assessed self-care practice and its associated factors among Hypertensive Follow up patients at East Gojjam Zone public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.Methods: Institution based cross sectional study was conducted by both quantitative and qualitative methods from October 1-30, 2020. Epi data version 3.1 and SPSS version 25.0 were used for data entry and for analysis respectively. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis was employed. Adjusted odds ratios were used to ascertain effect sizes for any association between the dependent and associated variables while significance level at p value of 0.05 was determined using 95% confidence intervals. Result: Out of 480 patients included in the study 51% have Poor self-care practices. About 44.6%, 92.5%, 82.8%, 62.5% of respondents were poor adherent to antihypertensive medications, low diet quality, poor practiced to physical activity, poor practice to weight management respectively. Some of the respondents 3.3%, 9.8% were smokers and were alcohol drinkers respectively. Educational status who cannot read and write (AOR=3.153, 95% CI: 1.674-5.939), no co morbidity (AOR = 0.418, 95% CI: 0.263-0.663), uncontrolled blood pressure status (AOR = 2.141, 95% CI: 1.271- 3.609), poor social support status (AOR = 2.587, 95% CI: 1.544-4.334) and unfavorable attitude (AOR= 3.193, 95% CI: 1.951-5.225) showed significant statistical association with poor self-care practice.Conclusion: The level of hypertension self-care practices found to be low. Therefore, education towards hypertension self-care practices should be strengthened for patients living with hypertension. Special attention should be given to patients with low educational level that cannot read and write, patients with co morbidity, uncontrolled state of hypertension, poor social support and those with unfavorable attitude towards hypertension management modalities.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Prisoners in Jimma Town Prison, South West Ethiopia

Psychiatry Journal ◽

10.1155/2018/5762608 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zakir Abdu ◽

Teshome Kabeta ◽

Lamessa Dube ◽

Workinesh Tessema ◽

Mubarek Abera

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Family History ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Chronic Physical Illness ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Poor Social Support ◽

History Of ◽

Jimma Town

Background. Mental disorder is one of the greatest challenges that current and future generations will face. Currently among all people suffering from depression, 85% of them live in low- and middle-income countries. Previous studies reported the global burden/prevalence of depression to be five to ten times higher among prisoners than the general population. However, the prevalence of depression among prisoners in our study area is not known. Objective. This study therefore aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among prisoners in Jimma town in 2017. Method. A cross-sectional study design was employed on 332 prisoners selected by systematic random sampling method. Data was collected by a face to face interview using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) scale. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Result. The study revealed that 41.9% (n=139) of participants among prisoners had depression. Having family history of mental illness (AOR = 6.05, 95% CI = 2.6, 13.8), having chronic physical illness (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.29, 6.41), having history of previous incarceration (AOR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.02, 10.64), lack of job in the prison (AOR = 4.96, 95% CI = 2.09, 11.8), lifetime alcohol use (AOR = 3.61, 95% CI = 1.8, 7.26), thinking life to be a difficult one after release from prison (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.6), having age between 21 and 25 years (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.06, 3.89), and having poor social support (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.27, 3.82) had significant association with depression in the fully adjusted final regression model. Conclusion. This study has shown that the prevalence of depression among prisoners was very high. Having family history of mental illness, having chronic physical illness, having previous incarceration, lack of job in prison, lifetime alcohol use, thinking life to be difficult one after release from prison, having age between 21 and 25 years old, and having poor social support were found to have an impact on the prevalence of depression.

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Prevalence of Depression and Associated Factors among Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy In Public Hospitals of Kembata Tembaro Zone, South Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-123623/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Addisu Girma ◽

Wondwosen Tekleselasie ◽

Tadele Yohannes

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Medication Adherence ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Living Alone ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Related Stigma ◽

Poor Social Support ◽

Poor Medication Adherence

Abstract BackgroundCurrently, people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus have longer life expectancies with the use of antiretroviral therapy. However; depression is the most common in these patients, which has markedly resulted to poor health outcomes due to reduced adherence to treatment and deterioration of medical outcomes, including treatment resistance, increase the demand for the utilization of medical resources and increase the morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among adult people living with HIV attending antiretroviral therapy clinic in public hospitals at KembataTembaro Zone, South Ethiopia,2020.MethodAn institution based cross sectional study was conducted in public Hospitals of KembataTembaro Zone from March 1/2020-April30/2020. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Multivariable Logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with depression using odds ratio at 95% confidence interval and P-value < 0.05.ResultsThe prevalence of depression was 44.3% (95% CI: 39.4% − 49.2 Being female (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.21,3.40), living alone (AOR = 3.09,95%CI :1.68,5.68), Having HIV related stigma (AOR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.73, 4.71), poor social support (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.48, 4.78), CD4 count less than 350 cell/ul (AOR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.48, 4.58) and Poor medication adherence (AOR = 2.19,95% CI: 1.32, 3.65) were factors significantly associated with depression.ConclusionThe prevalence of depression was high. Being female, living alone, having HIV related stigma, Poor social support, CD4 count less than 350 cell/ul and poor medication adherence were associated with depression. Depression should be included as part of the routine consultation of HIV patients to ensure early detection and treatment.

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Prevalence of Depression among elderly living in old age homes of Kathmandu Valley and its association with Sociodemographic variants

Journal of Psychiatrists Association of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpan.v4i1.16742 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 43-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B. Kafle ◽

V.D. Sharma ◽

S.P. Ojha ◽

M Chapagain ◽

P. Tulachan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Elderly People ◽

Old Age ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

World Population ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Elderly Living ◽

Old Age Homes

Introduction: There has been a considerable increase in the numbers of older people in the world population of both developed and developing countries. The increasing elderly populations are prone to depression. Studies regarding depression among elderly, especially in old age homes is lesser in the developing countries.Objectives: To estimate prevalence of depression among elderly living in old age homes in Kathmandu valley and its association with the socio-demographic variables, individual factors and environmental factors.Method: It is a cross sectional study where 203 elderly people residing in old age homes of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal were selected randomly. Interview was carried out using socio-demographic tool, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), ICD-10 DCR, Duke social support scale, UCLA loneliness scale, and Barthel index was used.Results: This study showed that, 47.3% of population had depression. Among them, 34.0% had mild depression and 13.3% had severe depression. There was significant association between the prevalence of depression, health problems, satisfaction with old age home, loneliness, social support and functional disability.Conclusion: Depressive disorder is highly prevalent among the elderly population residing in old age homes in Kathmandu Valley. This results in lowering their productivity and places burden to family and society. For this reason, concerned authorities should timely address depression in elderly people.

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Prevalence of depression and associated factors among patients with epilepsy at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0257942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0257942

Author(s):

Banchlay Addis ◽

Maereg Wolde ◽

Amare Minyihun ◽

Andualem Yalew Aschalew

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Educational Status ◽

Perceived Stigma ◽

Specialized Hospital ◽

Depression Status ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

The University ◽

Patients With Epilepsy

Introduction Depression is a commonly overwhelming problem among patients with epilepsy which compromises their quality of life especially in developing countries. Previously limited studies were conducted using Becks Depression Inventory tool in Ethiopia. The aim of this study’s objective was to determine the prevalence of depression and associated factors among patients with epilepsy. Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was employed at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from March 01–30, 2019.A total of 370 participants were selected using an interview administered structured questionnaire. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess the prevalence of depression.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to investigate potential predictors and variables with a P-value of < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 370 study participants participated with a response rate of 92%. From the total respondents 37% experienced depression. Perceived stigma (AOR = 3.89, CI: 2.27, 6.68), educational status (AOR = 0.48, CI: 0.25, 0.92), residence (AOR = 0.5, CI: 0.28, 0.89), frequency of seizure (AOR = 2.07, CI: 1.01, 4.23) and social support (AOR = 2.73, CI: 1.41–5.31) were significantly associated with depression status. Conclusion This study revealed that prevalence of depression among Epileptic patients was high. Perceived stigma, educational status, residence, frequency of seizure and social support were significantly associated with depression status. Thus, health care workers better to give more emphasis to patients with perceived stigma, higher number of seizure frequency and to those with poor level of social support.

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Prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors among patients with tuberculosis attending public health institutions in Gede’o zone, South Ethiopia

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09794-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kalkidan Yohannes ◽

Hirbaye Mokona ◽

Lulu Abebe ◽

Mohammed Feyisso ◽

Adane Tesfaye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Social Support ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

South Ethiopia ◽

Poor Social Support ◽

Public Health Institutions ◽

Health Institutions

Abstract Background Depression is a common mental disorder among patients with tuberculosis and it is associated with a greater risk of suicide, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and poor quality of life. Evidence suggests the early identification of depression among patients with tuberculosis is important to decrease adverse outcomes. However, there are limited studies that examined the prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms among patients with tuberculosis. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among patients with tuberculosis attending public health institutions in Gede’o zone, South Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based a cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1 to December 30, 2018, among a randomly selected sample of 415 patients with tuberculosis attending public health institutions in Gede’o zone, South Ethiopia. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Logistic regression was used to identify the potential risk factors of depressive symptoms. The strength of the association was presented by crude odds and adjusted odds ratio with their corresponding 95% CI. Finally, the statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to be 45.5% (95% CI; 41.1–50.1%) among patients with tuberculosis; 33.3% had moderate, 9.8% had moderately severe, and 2.4% had severe depression. After adjusting for the possible confounders, being on re-treatment for tuberculosis (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.17–5.22), aged ≥45 years (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.09–5.32), having poor social support (AOR = 4.21, 95% CI: 2.10–8.47), and Tuberculosis/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (TB/HIV) co-infection) (AOR = 3.96, 95% CI 2.0, 7.84) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms among patients with TB. Conclusions This study suggests that a substantial percentage of patients with TB had depressive symptoms (45.5%). TB/HIV coinfection, being on re-treatment for tuberculosis, those having poor social support, patients aged 45 and above were factors associated with depressive symptoms. Routine screening of depression among patients with TB is warranted. Moreover, patients with TB falling into the risk categories should be more carefully monitored for depression and when possible referred to mental health professionals.

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Magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among people with bipolar disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044824 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. e044824

Author(s):

Shegaye Shumet ◽

Bethlehem W/Michele ◽

Dessie Angaw ◽

Temesgen Ergete ◽

Nigus Alemnew

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specialized Hospital ◽

Poor Social Support

ObjectivesTo assess the magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among patients with bipolar disorder attending the outpatient department of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.DesignInstitution-based cross-sectional study design.SettingAmanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ParticipantsWe recruited about 418 participants using systematic sampling technique for an interview during the study period.MeasurementData were collected by face-to-face interviews. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale was used to measure internalised stigma. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Oslo-3 Social Support were instruments used to assess the associated factors. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. ORs with 95% CI were computed to determine the level of significance.ResultsThe magnitude of internalised stigma was 24.9% (95% CI: 21.2% to 28.9%). In the multivariate analysis, unemployed (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 5.0), unable to read and write (AOR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.05 to 10.7), poor social support (AOR=5.3, 95% CI: 1.9 to 15.0), ≥4 previous hospitalisations due to bipolar disorder (AOR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.1 to 6.1) and low self-esteem (AOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.1) had a significant association with internalised stigma.ConclusionsOne in four patients with bipolar disorder reported high internalised stigma. Unemployment, low educational status, low self-esteem, poor social support and being hospitalised more than three times before were significantly associated with internalised stigma. Thus, a stigma-reduction programme focusing on self-esteem improvement and psychological health of patients to increase their stigma resistance to counteracting effects of internalised stigma is essential.

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Study Of Depression in Elderly: Prevalence and Factors Associated

Journal of Psychiatrists Association of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpan.v7i2.24609 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 16-23

Author(s):

S. Subedi ◽

P. Shrestha ◽

D.K. Thapa

Keyword(s):

Elderly People ◽

Short Form ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Community Sample ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Introduction: Ageing is a normal phenomenon. Various studies shows that there is a sharp rise in the elderly population in the last few years. Prevalence of depression in elderly is found to around 13% in the community sample in various countries. There is a dearth of study related to psychiatric illness in elderly in Nepal. This study was aimed to find the prevalence of depression in elderly and see for various factors associated with elderly depression. Material And Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Siddharthnagar Municipality, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi. 316 elderly were selected by using systematic random sampling technique. A Semi- structured interview schedule was developed to collect Socio-demographic data. The Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale (SF-GDS) was used to find out the prevalence of depression among elderly people. Ethical Approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee, Chitwan Medical College and permission was obtained from Siddharthnagar Municipality, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi. The collected data was entered in Epidata 3.1 and the data was exported and analyzed in IBM SPSS 20. Results: There were a total of 316 samples in this study. The mean age of respondents was 68.47 years of age. Majority of the respondents (54.1%) were female and living in joint Family (72.2%). Almost 45.9% respondents were from upper caste groups, 90.5% of respondents were Hindus. Among the married (100%) respondents, 54.6% of respondents were living with spouse and 3.2% were divorced and separated from spouse. Depression was present in 49.4% of respondents were depressed. Among depressed respondents, 46.7% of respondents were having mild depression, 39.2% moderate depression and 14.1% severe depression. Conclusion: The finding of this study concluded that depression among elderly people was a substantial problem in Siddharthnagar Municipality, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi.

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