scholarly journals Gender differences in characteristics of violent and sexual victimization in patients with psychosis: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. D. van der Stouwe ◽  
L. A. Steenhuis ◽  
G. H. M. Pijnenborg ◽  
B. de Vries ◽  
A. A. Bartels-Velthuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outcome Monitoring ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
At Home

Abstract Introduction Various studies have demonstrated that individuals with a psychotic disorder are at an increased risk of becoming a victim of crime. Little is known about gender differences in victimization types and in specific characteristics of victimization (e.g., perpetrator, location or disclosure). Knowledge on characteristics of victimization would provide clinicians with more insight which may be especially useful for tailoring interventions. The aim of this study is to examine gender differences in characteristics of violent and sexual victimization in patients with a psychotic disorder. Methods Information on violent (threats, physical abuse) and sexual victimization (harassment, assault) was assessed in 482 individuals with a psychotic disorder who received mental health care. Patients were recruited through a routine outcome monitoring study and a clinical trial. Results Men reported more threats with violence (20.7% vs. 10.5%, x2 = 7.68, p = 0.01), whereas women reported more sexual assault (13.3% vs. 3.6%, x2 = 15.43, p < 0.001). For violent victimization, women were more likely than men to be victimized by a partner, friend or family member (52.9% vs. 30.6%) as opposed to a stranger (11.8% vs. 40.3%; O.R. = 52.49) and to be victimized at home (60.0% vs. 29.3%) as opposed to on the street or elsewhere (40.0% vs. 70.3%; O.R. = 0.06). For sexual victimization, there was no difference in location and perpetrator between men and women. For sexual victimization and physical violence, no differences in disclosure were found, but women were more likely not to disclose threats with violence or to disclose threats to a professional or police (52.9% vs. 45.2%; O.R. = 30.33). All analyses were controlled for age, diagnosis and employment. Discussion Gender patterns of victimization types and characteristics are similar for individuals with a psychotic disorder in comparison to the general population. Men were at higher risk of violent victimization, whereas women were at higher risk for sexual victimization. Men were more likely to become victimized in the streets or elsewhere by a stranger, whereas women seemed to be more often victimized at home by a partner, friend or a family member. Future studies may tailor interventions preventing victimization in psychosis according to gender.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Characteristics of Violent and Sexual Victimization in Patients With Psychosis: a Cross-sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C.D. van der Stouwe ◽  
L.A. Steenhuis ◽  
G.H.M. Pijnenborg ◽  
B. de Vries ◽  
A.A. Bartels-Velthuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outcome Monitoring ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
At Home

Abstract IntroductionVarious studies have demonstrated that individuals with a psychotic disorder are at an increased risk of becoming a victim of crime. Little is known about gender differences in victimization types and in specific characteristics of victimization (e.g., perpetrator, location or disclosure). Knowledge on characteristics of victimization would provide clinicians with more insight which may be especially useful for tailoring interventions. The aim of this study is to examine gender differences in characteristics of violent and sexual victimization in patients with a psychotic disorder.MethodsInformation on violent (threats, physical abuse) and sexual victimization (harassment, assault) was assessed in 482 individuals with a psychotic disorder who received mental health care. Patients were recruited through a routine outcome monitoring study and a clinical trial.ResultsMen reported more threats with violence (20.7% vs. 10.5%, x2=7.68, p=0.01), whereas women reported more sexual assault (13.3% vs. 3.6%, x2=15.43, p<0.001). For violent victimization, women were more likely than men to be victimized by a partner, friend or family member (52.9% vs. 30.6%) as opposed to a stranger (11.8% vs. 40.3%; O.R.=52.49) and to be victimized at home (60.0% vs. 29.3%) as opposed to on the street or elsewhere (40.0% vs. 70.3%; O.R.=0.06). For sexual victimization, there was no difference in location and perpetrator between men and women. For sexual victimization and physical violence, no differences in disclosure were found, but women were more likely not to disclose threats with violence or to disclose threats to a professional or police (52.9% vs. 45.2%; O.R.=30.33). All analyses were controlled for age, diagnosis and employment.DiscussionGender patterns of victimization types and characteristics are similar for individuals with a psychotic disorder in comparison to the general population. Men were at higher risk of violent victimization, whereas women were at higher risk for sexual victimization. Men were more likely to become victimized in the streets or elsewhere by a stranger, whereas women seemed to be more often victimized at home by a partner, friend or a family member. Future studies may tailor interventions preventing victimization in psychosis according to gender.

scholarly journals Violence Directed towards Nurses Working at Al-Medina Hospitals

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Amar Alsheri ◽  
Nayef Almutairi ◽  
Alshebli Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Sick Leave ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Violence Prevalence

Background: According to the recent studies, violence in health care is growing and it excessively affects the retention and recruitment of nurses. It also affects burnout levels and sick leave. Aims: To determine the physical and verbal abuse violence prevalence against nurses in Al-Medina hospitals. Methods: This a descriptive cross sectional study which was conducted in three community hospitals in Saudi Arabia in 2011 using a random sample of 288 nurses. Results: The prevalence of physical violence among the population of the study was 26%. Verbal abuse prevalence was 23.3%. Patients/clients were the major perpetrators of the violence (76.0%) followed by patient’s family member(s) (24.0%). Whereas 92.0% mentioned that the violence action was preventable. Gender was correlated significantly with verbal abuse violence. Conclusion: Our study manifested that the prevalence of physical violence and verbal abuse among nurses at Al-Medina hospitals was high.

scholarly journals Childhood Inflammatory Markers and Risks for Psychosis and Depression at Age 24: examination of temporality and specificity of association in a population-based prospective birth cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin I. Perry ◽  
Stanley Zammit ◽  
Peter B. Jones ◽  
Golam M. Khandaker
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Shared Risk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundCross-sectional studies have reported elevated concentrations of inflammatory markers in psychosis and depression. However, questions regarding temporality and specificity of association, crucial for understanding the potential role of inflammation, remain.MethodsBased on 2,224 ALSPAC birth cohort participants, we used regression analyses to test associations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at age 9 with risks for psychosis (psychotic experiences; negative symptoms; psychotic disorder), and depression (depressive episode; symptom score) at age 24. Regression models were adjusted for sex, ethnicity, social class and body mass index. We tested for linearity (using quadratic terms) and specificity (using bivariate probit regression) of association, and used multiple imputation to explore the impact of missing data.ResultsAfter adjustments, higher IL-6 levels at age 9 were associated with increased risk of psychotic disorder (OR=1.56; 95% C.I., 1.10-2.21 per SD increase in IL-6; OR=1.49; 95% C.I., 1.02-2.18 for the top compared with bottom third of IL-6) and depressive episode (OR=1.14; 95% C.I., 0.99-1.32 per SD increase in IL-6; OR=1.49; 95% C.I., 1.02-2.18 for the top compared with bottom third of IL-6). IL-6 was associated with negative symptoms after adjusting for depression (β=0.09; 95% C.I., 0.01-0.22). There was no evidence for outcome-specific associations of IL-6. Childhood CRP was not associated with adult psychosis or depression.ConclusionsEvidence for similar, longitudinal, dose-response associations suggest that elevated childhood IL-6 could be a shared risk factor for psychosis and depression. The IL-6 pathway may represent a novel target for treatment and prevention of these disorders.

scholarly journals Involuntary Treatment in Dementia Care at Home: Results From the Netherlands and Belgium

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
Vincent Moermans ◽  
Angela Mengelers ◽  
Michel Bleijlevens ◽  
Hilde Verbeek ◽  
Frans Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Involuntary Treatment ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
At Home

Abstract Most PwD remain living at home. Due to complex care needs this can result in an increased risk for care provided against the wishes of the client and/or to which the client resists, referred to as involuntary treatment. This study explores the use and factors associated with involuntary treatment in PwD receiving home care in the Netherlands and Belgium. A secondary data analysis of two cross-sectional surveys (n=844 persons) showed that more than half of the PwD (51%) living at home received involuntary treatment (Belgium 68% and the Netherlands 45%). Non-consensual care (83%) was the most common, followed by psychotropic medication (41%) and physical restraints (18%). Involuntary treatment was associated with living alone, greater ADL dependency, lower cognitive ability, higher family caregiver burden and receiving home care in Belgium versus the Netherlands. In order to provide person-centered care, it is important to study ways to prevent involuntary treatment in PwD. Part of a symposium sponsored by Systems Research in Long-Term Care Interest Group.

Associations of Eating Two Breakfasts With Childhood Overweight Status, Sociodemographics, and Parental Factors Among Preschool Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-673
Author(s):  
Meg Bruening ◽  
Kevin Afuso ◽  
Maureen Mason
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Parental Perceptions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breakfast Consumption ◽  
Preschool Students ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
School Breakfast ◽  
At Home

Background. School breakfast may contribute to increased risk for obesity because children may be consuming two breakfasts: at home and at school. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of preschoolers consuming two breakfasts and to assess relationships with overweight/obesity and other factors. Method. Head Start parents ( n = 273, 84.6% Hispanic) in the southwest completed cross-sectional surveys on child breakfast patterns and parental perceptions of school breakfast and personal breakfast consumption habits. Surveys were linked with sociodemographics and body mass index in Head Start databases in 2013. General estimating equation binomial models (schools as a random effect) were used to assess the relationship between two breakfasts (at home and school) and key variables, adjusting for gender, race, ethnicity, and household income. Results. The prevalence of consuming two breakfasts was 34%. Children’s overweight/obesity status was inversely related to two-breakfast consumption, but it was significant only for the Hispanic subgroup; the odds of being overweight/obese was 60% lower among those who ate two breakfasts ( p < .05). The likelihood of consuming a second breakfast increased over twofold among children who woke up before 7 a.m. ( p = .004). Among Hispanic families, a significant association was observed between children’s two-breakfast consumption and parental perceptions about whether they perceived the breakfast at Head Start was culturally appropriate ( p = .040). Conclusions. Not only was eating two breakfast not associated with obesity, the association was in the opposite of the expected direction and significant for Hispanic participants. Factors such as earlier wake-up time were related to reports of two breakfast intake. While more research is needed, these findings provide information for policy makers and practitioners; caution should be exercised when suggesting that breakfast programs may be related to the consumption of two breakfasts and the risk for childhood obesity, particularly among the preschool students in this study.

Correlates of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Intimate Partner Sexual Victimization

Partner Abuse ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko Ling Chan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
University Students ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

This study investigated the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization among Chinese university students in Hong Kong, Beijing, and Shanghai. It used a cross-sectional design. To complete a self-report questionnaire, 3,388 university students from Hong Kong, Beijing, and Shanghai were recruited through convenience sampling. The results showed that 28.6% of participants experienced some form of CSA, and no gender difference was found in the prevalence of CSA. Significantly, more female have been reported being victims of sexual IPV than male (24.2% vs. 18.2%); however, when considering severe sexual victimization only, females did not report higher prevalence than men did. Results of the multiphase logistic regression showed that CSA had an independent association with an increased risk of sexual IPV victimization during adulthood. In addition, gender, having had sex with the partner of the referred intimate relationship, and current posttraumatic stress symptoms were associated with sexual IPV victimization when other factors were adjusted. Conclusion: Intervention with IPV should include an assessment of CSA history. Prevention of revictimization for IPV victims with CSA history was discussed.

scholarly journals Gender differences in characteristics of physical and sexual victimization in patients with dual diagnosis: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen M. de Waal ◽  
Jack J. M. Dekker ◽  
Martijn J. Kikkert ◽  
Maaike D. Kleinhesselink ◽  
Anna E. Goudriaan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Gender Differences Related to Spirituality, Coping Skills and Risk Factors of Suicide Attempt: A Cross-Sectional Study of French Adolescent Inpatients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Mirkovic ◽  
Vincent Belloncle ◽  
Hugues Pellerin ◽  
Jean-Marc Guilé ◽  
Priscille Gérardin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Axis I

Background: Suicide attempts in adolescence represent a major public health concern, since these behaviors are associated with psychosocial burden and an increased risk of suicide. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore possible gender differences related to protective and risk factors in adolescents who have attempted suicide.Methods: Participants were French adolescents hospitalized for attempt suicide in five French pediatric departments. The participants were evaluated on 12 instruments measuring individual risk and protective factors.Results: Our sample included 320 adolescents aged 13–17 years (M = 14.43, SD = 1.29), of whom 82% were female and 35% were repeat attempters. Boys had greater difficulties at school and used more lethal means such as strangulation. We failed to find any differences between the two groups as regards the main Axis I psychiatric diagnoses. Boys tend to use more non-productive coping skills such as tension reduction or wishful thinking and girls use more reference to other strategies such as seeking social support. Although spirituality scores were low overall sample, they were significantly higher among girls.Conclusions: In the end, we find little difference between the two groups in terms of risk factors. However, we have shown gender differences in spirituality and some coping strategies. These results should be taken into consideration when designing suicide prevention programs.

scholarly journals Social predictors of food insecurity during the stay-at-home order due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. Results from a cross-sectional web-based survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Cañari-Casaño ◽  
Omaira Cochachin-Henostroza ◽  
Oliver A. Elorreaga ◽  
Gandy Dolores-Maldonado ◽  
Anthony Aquino-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Forward Selection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Social Predictors ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
At Home

SUMMARYBackgroundStay-at-home orders and social distancing have been implemented as the primary tools to reduce the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, this approach has indirectly lead to the unemployment of 2·3 million Peruvians, in Lima, Perú alone. As a result, the risk of food insecurity may have increased, especially in low-income families who rely on a daily wage. This study estimates the prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity (MSFI) and identifies the associated factors that explain this outcome during the stay-at-home order.MethodsA cross-sectional web-based survey, with non-probabilistic sampling, was conducted between May 18 and June 30, 2020, during the stay-at-home order in Peru. We used social media advertisements on Facebook to reach 18-59-year-olds living in Peru. MSFI was assessed using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). Rasch model methodology requirements were considered, and factors associated with MSFI were selected using stepwise forward selection. A Poisson generalized linear model (Poisson GLM), with log link function, was employed to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR).FindingsThis analysis is based on 1846 replies. The prevalence of MSFI was 23·2%, and FIES proved to be an acceptable instrument with reliability 0·72 and infit 0·8-1·3. People more likely to experience MSFI were those with low income (less than 255 US$/month) in the pre-pandemic period (aPR 3·77; 95%CI, 1·98-7·16), those whose income was significantly reduced during the pandemic period (aPR 2·27; 95%CI, 1·55-3·31), and those whose savings ran out in less than 21 days (aPR 1·86; 95%CI, 1·43-2·42). Likewise, heads of households (aPR 1·20; 95%CI, 1·00-1·44) and those with probable SARS-CoV2 cases as relatives (aPR 1·29; 95%CI, 1·05-1·58) were at an increased risk of MSFI. Additionally, those who perceived losing weight during the pandemic (aPR 1·21; 95%CI, 1·01-1·45), and increases in processed foods prices (aPR 1·31; 95%CI, 1·08-1·59), and eating less minimally processed food (aPR 1·82; 95%CI, 1·48-2·24) were more likely to experience MSFI.InterpretationPeople most at risk of MSFI were those in a critical economic situation before and during the pandemic. Social protection policies should be reinforced to prevent or mitigate these adverse effects.FundingNone.

scholarly journals Greater Acculturation is Associated With Poorer Cardiovascular Health in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olatokunbo Osibogun ◽  
Oluseye Ogunmoroti ◽  
Lena Mathews ◽  
Victor Okunrintemi ◽  
Martin Tibuakuu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
At Home

Background Greater acculturation is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the association between acculturation and ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) as measured by the American Heart Association's 7 CVH metrics. We investigated the association between acculturation and ideal CVH among a multi‐ethnic cohort of US adults free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline. Methods and Results This was a cross‐sectional analysis of 6506 men and women aged 45 to 84 years of 4 races/ethnicities. We examined measures of acculturation(birthplace, language spoken at home, and years lived in the United States [foreign‐born participants]) by CVH score. Scores of 0 to 8 indicate inadequate, 9 to 10 average and 11 to 14 optimal CVH. We used multivariable regression to examine associations between acculturation and CVH, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income and health insurance. The mean (SD) age was 62 (10) years, 53% were women, 39% non‐Hispanic White‐, 26% non‐Hispanic Black‐, 12% Chinese‐ and 22% Hispanic‐Americans. US‐born participants had lower odds of optimal CVH (odds ratio [OR]: 0.63 [0.50–0.79], P <0.001) compared with foreign‐born participants. Participants who spoke Chinese and other foreign languages at home had greater odds of optimal CVH compared with those who spoke English (1.91 [1.08–3.36], P =0.03; and 1.65 [1.04–2.63], P =0.03, respectively). Foreign‐born participants who lived the longest in the United States had lower odds of optimal CVH (0.62 [0.43–0.91], P =0.02). Conclusions Greater US acculturation was associated with poorer CVH. This finding suggests that the promotion of ideal CVH should be encouraged among immigrant populations since more years lived in the United States was associated with poorer CVH.

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