scholarly journals Project STARLIT: protocol of a longitudinal study of habitual sleep trajectories, weight gain, and obesity risk behaviors in college students

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea T. Kozak ◽  
Scott M. Pickett ◽  
Nicole L. Jarrett ◽  
Shaunt A. Markarian ◽  
Kari I. Lahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Short Sleep

Abstract Background Obesity in the United States is a serious and preventable health concern. Previous research suggests that habitual short sleep may influence obesity-risk behaviors, such as increased caloric intake, decreased physical activity and increased engagement in sedentary activities (e.g., media consumption, computer usage). Given that existing longitudinal research studies have methodological concerns preventing conclusive interpretations, Project STARLIT was designed to address these limitations and identify future intervention targets. Methods A sample of young adults (n = 300) will be recruited during the summer prior to entering college. Participants will be screened for eligibility requirements prior to the inclusion in the Time 1 assessment though phone and in-person interviews. Once enrolled, participants will complete four assessments over a two year period (i.e., approximately 8, 16 and 24 months after Time 1). Each assessment will consist of one week of data collection including both objective (i.e., habitual sleep, physical activity, body fat composition) and subjective (i.e., sleep diary, 24-h food recall, technology use, and sleep-related beliefs/behaviors) measures. Discussion Project STARLIT is designed to address methodological concerns of previous research. In addition to clarifying the relationship between habitual short sleep and weight gain among young adults, the proposed study will identify problematic obesity risk behaviors associated with habitual short sleep (e.g., increased caloric intake, physical/sedentary activity). The results will identify prevention or intervention targets related to obesity risk. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04100967, 9/23/19, Retrospectively registered.

New Pathways From Short Sleep to Obesity? Associations Between Short Sleep and “Secondary” Eating and Drinking Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel S. Tajeu ◽  
Bisakha Sen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Short Sleep

Purpose. The association between short sleep and obesity risk is well established. However, we explore a new pathway between short sleep and obesity: whether short sleep is linked to more time spent in secondary eating or drinking, that is, eating or drinking (beverages other than water, such as sugar-sweetened beverages) while primarily engaged in another activity, such as television watching. Design. This pooled cross-sectional study uses data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) from 2006 to 2008. Setting. The study takes place in the United States. Subjects. Subjects are 28,150 adults (55.8% female) aged 21 to 65 who were surveyed in the ATUS. Measures. Outcomes are time spent on (1) secondary eating and drinking and (2) primary eating and drinking. Our main predictor variable is sleep duration. Analysis. Controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents, we estimate multivariate regression-analysis models for the full sample, as well as by weekday/weekend status, race, and gender subgroups. Results. In multivariate models, compared to respondents reporting normal sleep, short sleep was associated with additional 8.7 (SE = 2.1) minutes per day of secondary eating (p < .01) and additional 28.6 (SE = 4.2) and 31.28 (SE = 5.0) minutes per day of secondary drinking on weekdays and weekends, respectively (p < .01). Conclusions. We find that short sleep is associated with more time spent in secondary eating and, in particular, secondary drinking. This potentially suggests a pathway from short sleep to increased caloric intake in the form of beverages and distracted eating and thus potential increased obesity risk, although more research is needed.

scholarly journals Accessing physical activity among young adults attending a university: the role of sex, race/ethnicity, technology use, and sleep

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel D. Towne ◽  
Marcia G. Ory ◽  
Matthew Lee Smith ◽  
S. Camille Peres ◽  
Adam W. Pickens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Race Ethnicity

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS Risk Behaviors and Substance Use by Young Adults in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Patrick ◽  
Patrick M. O’Malley ◽  
Lloyd D. Johnston ◽  
Yvonne M. Terry-McElrath ◽  
John E. Schulenberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aids Risk ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Physical activity, mental health, and weight gain in a longitudinal observational cohort of nonobese young adults

Obesity ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1969-1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda E. Staiano ◽  
Arwen M. Marker ◽  
Corby K. Martin ◽  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Observational Cohort

scholarly journals Association of Physical Activity With Income, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 172 (8) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Armstrong ◽  
Charlene A. Wong ◽  
Eliana Perrin ◽  
Sara Page ◽  
Lauren Sibley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Race Ethnicity

scholarly journals Individual differences in physical activity are closely associated with changes in body weight in adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (3) ◽  
pp. R633-R642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elinor L. Sullivan ◽  
Frank H. Koegler ◽  
Judy L. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Measured Activity ◽  
Low Activity

The increased prevalence of overweight adults has serious health consequences. Epidemiological studies suggest an association between low activity and being overweight; however, few studies have objectively measured activity during a period of weight gain, so it is unknown whether low activity is a cause or consequence of being overweight. To determine whether individual differences in adult weight gain are linked to an individual’s activity level, we measured activity, via accelerometry, over a prolonged period (9 mo) in 18 adult female rhesus monkeys. Weight, food intake, metabolic rate, and activity were first monitored over a 3-mo period. During this period, there was mild but significant weight gain (5.5 ± 0.88%; t =−6.3, df = 17, P < 0.0001), whereas caloric intake and activity remained stable. Metabolic rate increased, as expected, with weight gain. Activity level correlated with weight gain ( r = −0.52, P = 0.04), and the most active monkeys gained less weight than the least active monkeys ( t = −2.74, df = 8, P = 0.03). Moreover, there was an eightfold difference in activity between the most and least active monkeys, and initial activity of each monkey was highly correlated with their activity after 9 mo ( r = 0.85, P < 0.0001). In contrast, food intake did not correlate with weight gain, and there was no difference in weight gain between monkeys with the highest vs. lowest caloric intake, total metabolic rate, or basal metabolic rate. We conclude that physical activity is a particularly important factor contributing to weight change in adulthood and that there are large, but stable, differences in physical activity among individuals.

scholarly journals Social Determinants Associated with the Rising Incidence of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the U.S.: A PRISMA Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 302-302
Author(s):  
Laura Amweg ◽  
Laura Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
The United States ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

Abstract Objectives To examine the behavioral, socioeconomic, clinical and systemic characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young adults (19–49 years of age) in the United States (U.S). Methods A systematic literature review was performed using PRISMA methodology. Eleven electronic databases were searched for the extant literature. Study eligibility criteria included colorectal cancer patients in the United States aged 19–49 years. Articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English between January 2009-April 2019 were included. Results Diet, smoking, low physical activity, and gut microbiome changes were identified as modifiable risk factors associated with early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). Racial disparities existed where African American and Hispanic populations had a higher incidence of EOCRC compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Results suggested that delays in EOCRC diagnosis were caused by delays between symptom presentation and appropriate screening. Limitations included use of non-longitudinal cross-sectional analysis, which cannot explain etiologic causes. Conclusions Public health efforts are needed for better adherence to a healthy dietary pattern and increasing physical activity, to bring awareness to young adults and clinicians alike to know the symptoms of EOCRC, and for young people to get screened early in an ethnically-inclusive manner to reduce disparities. Findings suggest more prospective, longitudinal studies need to be conducted and analyzed to study the etiologic factors of EOCRC. Funding Sources The authors have no funding sources to report.

scholarly journals Neurogenetic and Neuroimaging Evidence for a Conceptual Model of Dopaminergic Contributions to Obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansley Grimes Stanfill ◽  
Yvette Conley ◽  
Ann Cashion ◽  
Carol Thompson ◽  
Ramin Homayouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Reward Pathways ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
And Gender

As the incidence of obesity continues to rise, clinicians and researchers alike are seeking explanations for why some people become obese while others do not. While caloric intake and physical activity most certainly play a role, some individuals continue to gain weight despite careful attention to these factors. Increasing evidence suggests that genetics may play a role, with one potential explanation being genetic variability in genes within the neurotransmitter dopamine pathway. This variability can lead to a disordered experience with the rewarding properties of food. This review of literature examines the extant knowledge about the relationship between obesity and the dopaminergic reward pathways in the brain, with particularly strong evidence provided from neuroimaging and neurogenetic data. Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature searches were conducted with the search terms dopamine, obesity, weight gain, food addiction, brain regions relevant to the mesocortical and mesolimbic (reward) pathways, and relevant dopaminergic genes and receptors. These terms returned over 200 articles. Other than a few sentinel articles, articles were published between 1993 and 2013. These data suggest a conceptual model for obesity that emphasizes dopaminergic genetic contributions as well as more traditional risk factors for obesity, such as demographics (age, race, and gender), physical activity, diet, and medications. A greater understanding of variables contributing to weight gain and obesity is imperative for effective clinical treatment.

LGBTQ+ College Students’ Engagement in COVID-Protective and COVID-Risk Behaviors

2021 ◽  
pp. 216769682110393
Author(s):  
S. E. Lawrence ◽  
T. L. Walters ◽  
A. N. Clark ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
V. Hanna-Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Political Liberalism ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
At Home

Characteristics of emerging adulthood may make college students less likely to engage in COVID-protective behaviors, a public health concern given that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ+) students may be particularly vulnerable to complications related to COVID-19. To identify individual and contextual factors related to COVID-protective behaviors among a sample of LGBTQ+ college students in the United States, we examined differences in COVID-protective and -risk behaviors by gender identity, living arrangement, statewide stay at home orders, and political liberalism of the student’s current state. Although engagement in COVID-protective behaviors was high overall, students who identified as men, did not live with a parent, lived in a state without a stay at home order, and/or lived in a less liberal state engaged in fewer COVID-protective behaviors and more frequent COVID-risk behaviors. Findings underscore the importance of clear public health messaging around COVID-protective behaviors that targets especially vulnerable college students.

Can We Have Fries With That, Please? Nutrition And Physical Activities Among College Students

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia C. Monteiro ◽  
Miljana Jeremic ◽  
Michael C. Budden
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Self Perception

Obesity is a growing health and socioeconomic issue in the United States.  College students are an important part of the alarming statistics involving weight gain. This study investigated how nutrition behaviors and physical activity modified students’ perceptions of body weight and nutrition knowledge. Furthermore, the study assessed gender and ethnicity as modifiers of nutrition behaviors, self-perception of body weight, and exercising habits among college students.   

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