scholarly journals Density of outdoor advertising of consumable products in NYC by neighborhood poverty level

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Adjoian ◽  
Rachel Dannefer ◽  
Shannon M. Farley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Outdoor Advertising ◽  
Neighborhood Poverty ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Total Product ◽  
Product Image ◽  
June July

Abstract Background To determine if outdoor advertising density for non-alcoholic drinks, food, tobacco products, and alcohol, is associated with neighborhood poverty or other Census-level characteristics in New York City (NYC). Methods From June – July of 2015, photographs were taken of all street-level, stationary outdoor advertising (posters, stickers, decals, etc.) for consumable products in a sample of 953 NYC retail-dense street segments. Density of product images was analyzed by neighborhood poverty level and other characteristics using multivariate negative-binomial regression. Results A total of 16,305 discrete advertisements displaying 50,673 product images were photographed. Total product image prevalence relative to retail density was not significantly higher in high- vs. low-poverty neighborhoods, as hypothesized (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.77). However, total product image prevalence was higher in neighborhoods with a higher percentage of Black residents (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.12), and for sugary drinks in areas with a higher percentage of adults with <HS diploma (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.58). Conclusions Product images were abundant throughout NYC’s retail-dense areas, with marginally greater prevalence by some Census-level demographics, irrespective of the content displayed.

Bike Count Forecast Model with Multimodal Network Connectivity Measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110218
Author(s):  
Bingqing Liu ◽  
Divya Bade ◽  
Joseph Y. J. Chow
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Commute Time ◽  
Improve Model ◽  
Subway Stations

With the rise of cycling as a mode choice for commuting and short-distance delivery, as well as policy objectives encouraging this trend, bike count models are increasingly critical to transportation planning and investment. Studies have found that network connectivity plays a role in such models, but there remains a lack of measure for the connectivity of a link in a multimodal trip context. This study proposes a connectivity measure that captures the importance of a link in connecting the origins of cyclists and nearby subway stations, and incorporates it in a negative binomial regression model to forecast bike counts at links. Representative bike trips are generated with regard to bike-friendliness using the New York City transit trip planner and used to determine the deviation from the shortest path via the designated link. The measure is shown to improve model fitness with a significance level within 10%. Insights are also drawn for income levels, bike lanes, subway station availability, and average commute time of travelers.

scholarly journals Injury-related falls from bicycles, skateboards, roller skates, and non-motorized scooters in the United States: 2005 - 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
William Milczarski ◽  
Peter Tuckel ◽  
Richard Maisel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
National Databases

Purpose: To provide an updated and comparative analysis of injury-related falls from bicycles, skateboards, roller skates and non-motorized scooters.Methods: The study uses two national databases – the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample  – and subnational databases for New York, California, and Maryland.  Univariate and multivariate analyses (negative binomial regression) are performed to identify effects of age, gender, racial-ethnic background, and region on the incidence of injury-related falls from each of the four devices.Results: The rate of injuries due to falls from bicycles far surpasses the rates due to falls from the other devices.  When a measure of “exposure” is taken into consideration, however, the rate of injuries from skateboards outstrips the rates from bicycles or roller skates.  The profile of patients who are injured from falls from each of the four devices is distinctive.  Asian-Americans are greatly underrepresented among those who suffer a fall-related injury from any of the four devices.  The incidence of injuries attributable to falls varies considerably by geographic region.Conclusions: Public health officials need to be mindful that while certain activities such as scootering might be gaining in popularity, the number of injuries sustained from bicycles still dwarfs the number attributable to falls from skateboards, roller skates, and scooters combined.  Thus special attention needs to be paid to both prevent falls from bicycles and specific treatment modalities.  It is important for public health officials to gather injury data at the local level to allocate prevention and treatment resources more efficiently.

scholarly journals Unmet Social Needs and No-Show Visits in Primary Care in a US Northeastern Urban Health System, 2018–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (S2) ◽  
pp. S242-S250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin P. Fiori ◽  
Caroline G. Heller ◽  
Colin D. Rehm ◽  
Amanda Parsons ◽  
Anna Flattau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
New York ◽  
Health System ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Missed Appointments ◽  
Primary Care Practices

Objectives. To characterize the association between social needs prevalence and no-show proportion and variation in these associations among specific social needs. Methods. In this study, we used results from a 10-item social needs screener conducted across 19 primary care practices in a large urban health system in Bronx County, New York, between April 2018 and July 2019. We estimated the association between unmet needs and 2-year history of missed appointments from 41 637 patients by using negative binomial regression models. Results. The overall no-show appointment proportion was 26.6%. Adjusted models suggest that patients with 1 or more social needs had a significantly higher no-show proportion (31.5%) than those without any social needs (26.3%), representing an 19.8% increase (P < .001). We observed a positive trend (P < .001) between the number of reported social needs and the no-show proportion—26.3% for those with no needs, 30.0% for 1 need, 32.1% for 2 needs, and 33.8% for 3 or more needs. The strongest association was for those with health care transportation need as compared with those without (36.0% vs 26.9%). Conclusions. We found unmet social needs to have a significant association with missed primary care appointments with potential implications on cost, quality, and access for health systems.

scholarly journals An empirical analysis of the financial benefits of health information exchange in emergency departments

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1169-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niam Yaraghi
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Health Information Exchange ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective To examine the impact of health information exchange (HIE) on reducing laboratory tests and radiology examinations performed in an emergency department (ED). Materials and Methods The study was conducted in an ED setting in Western New York over a period of 2 months. The care of the patients in the treatment group included an HIE query for every encounter, while the care of other patients in the control group did not include such queries. A group of medical liaisons were hired to query the medical history of patients from an HIE and provide it to the ED clinicians. Negative binomial regression was used to analyze the effects of HIE queries on the number of performed laboratory tests and radiology examinations. The log files of the HIE system since 1 year before the ED admission were used to analyze the differences in outcome measures between the 2 groups of patients. Results Ceteris paribus, HIE usage is associated with, respectively, 52% and 36% reduction in the expected total number of laboratory tests and radiology examinations ordered per patient at the ED. Conclusions The results indicate that access to additional clinical data through the HIE will significantly reduce the number of laboratory tests and radiology examinations performed in the ED settings and thus support the ongoing HIE efforts.

Temporal trends in opioid prescribing patterns among oncologists in the Medicare population.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12022-12022
Author(s):  
Vikram Jairam ◽  
Daniel X. Yang ◽  
Saamir Pasha ◽  
Pamela R. Soulos ◽  
Cary Philip Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Part D ◽  
Opioid Prescribing ◽  
Provider Characteristics ◽  
Final Study

12022 Background: In the wake of the United States (U.S.) opioid epidemic, there have been significant governmental and societal efforts to curb opioid prescribing. However, it is unknown whether these efforts have affected prescribing among oncologists, whose patient population often requires narcotics for symptom management. We investigated temporal patterns in opioid prescribing for Medicare patients among oncologists. Methods: We queried the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Part D prescriber dataset to identify independently practicing physicians between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017. We used population-averaged multivariable negative binomial regression to estimate the association between time and per-provider opioid prescribing rate, defined as number of opioid claims (original prescriptions and refills) per 100 patients, among oncologists and non-oncologists on both a national and statewide level. All models were adjusted for provider characteristics and annual total patient count per provider. Results: The final study sample included 20,513 oncologists and 711,636 non-oncologists. From 2013 to 2017, the national opioid prescribing rate declined by 19.3% (68.8 to 55.5 opioid prescriptions per 100 patients; P< 0.001) among oncologists and 20.4% (50.7 to 40.3 prescriptions per 100 patients; P< 0.001) among non-oncologists. During this timeframe, 40 U.S. states experienced a significant ( P< 0.05) decrease in opioid prescribing among oncologists, most notably in Vermont (-43.2%), Idaho (-34.5%), and Maine (-32.8%). In comparison, all 50 states exhibited a significant decline ( P< 0.05) in opioid prescribing among non-oncologists. In 5 states, opioid prescribing decreased more among oncologists than non-oncologists, including Oklahoma (-24.6% vs. -7.1%), Idaho (-34.5% vs. -17.8%), Utah (-31.7% vs. -18.7%), Texas (-19.9% vs. -14.7%), and New York (-24.0% vs. -19.7%) (all P< 0.05). Conclusions: Between 2013 and 2017, the opioid prescribing rate decreased by approximately 20% nationwide among both oncologists and non-oncologists. These findings raise concerns about whether opioid prescribing legislation and guidelines intended for the non-cancer population are being applied inappropriately to patients with cancer and survivors.

scholarly journals Weather Effects on Social Movements: Evidence from Washington, D.C., and New York City, 1960–95

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Huiquan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
York City ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Scholars have been taking the impact of weather on social movements for granted for some time, despite a lack of supporting empirical evidence. This paper takes the topic more seriously, analyzing more than 7000 social movement events and 36 years of weather records in Washington, D.C., and New York City (1960–95). Here, “good weather” is defined as midrange temperature and little to no precipitation. This paper uses negative binomial regression models to predict the number of social movements per day and finds social movements are more likely to happen on good days than bad, with seasonal patterns controlled for. Results from logistic regression models indicate violence occurs more frequently at social movement events when it is warmer. Most interestingly, the effect of weather is more salient when there are more political opportunities and resources available. This paper discusses the implications and suggests future research on weather and social movement studies.

scholarly journals Lag Effects of Ozone, PM2.5, and Meteorological Factors on COVID-19 New Cases at the Disease Epicenter in Queens, New York

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Atin Adhikari ◽  
Jingjing Yin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Lag Effects

The influences of environmental factors on COVID-19 may not be immediate and could be lagged for days to weeks. This study investigated the choice of lag days for calculating cumulative lag effects of ozone, PM2.5, and five meteorological factors (wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity, and cloud percentages) on COVID-19 new cases at the epicenter of Queens County, New York, before the governor’s executive order on wearing of masks in public places (1 March to 11 April 2020). Daily data for selected air pollutants and meteorological factors were collected from the US EPA Air Quality System, weather observation station of the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information at John F. Kennedy Airport, and World Weather Online. Negative binomial regression models were applied, including the autocorrelations and trend of the time series, as well as the effective reproductive number as confounders. The effects of ozone, PM2.5, and five meteorological factors were significant on COVID-19 new cases with lag9-lag13 days. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were consistent for any lag day choice between lag0 and lag14 days and started fluctuating after lag15 days. Considering moving averages >14 days yielded less reliable variables for summarizing the cumulative lag effects of environmental factors on COVID-19 new cases and considering lag days from 9 to 13 would yield significant findings. Future studies should consider this approach of lag day checks concerning the modeling of COVID-19 progression in relation to meteorological factors and ambient air pollutants.

scholarly journals The Roots of Great Innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Kathleen Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Arts And Culture ◽  
Entrepreneurial Climate ◽  
Nonprofit Arts

What is the relationship between a city’s entrepreneurial climate and the sustainability of arts and culture nonprofits?  Business, the arts, and innovation do not exist in isolation.  New York Times writer David Brooks (2011) opined, “The roots of great innovation are never just in the technology itself.”   The significance and value of the arts as community assets has sparked public intervention to leverage the arts to generate a variety of instrumental benefits. The arts were famously positioned as being of significant value for knowledge workers, the creative class, and the entrepreneurs powering the knowledge economy.  This has been portrayed, largely, as a one-way relationship in which the arts benefit cities economic pursuits.  Such depictions fail to consider the influence of open systems and recognize how communities simultaneously influence the population of arts and culture organizations.  This paper asks, “How do entrepreneurship levels affect the population dynamics of arts and culture nonprofits?”  The interactions between the formation and exit of nonprofit arts organizations and entrepreneurial climate of the 50 US states for the period from 1989 to 2012 are analyzed using negative binomial regression.  Higher entrepreneurial climates are associated with lower incidences of nonprofit arts and culture formations and lower exits.  The implications of this and opportunities for additional research are discussed. 

Effect of Hurricane Sandy on Health Care Services Utilization Under Medicaid

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Sharp ◽  
Mingzeng Sun ◽  
Tatiana Ledneva ◽  
Ursula Lauper ◽  
Cristian Pantea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New York ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Services Utilization ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Health Care Services Utilization

AbstractObjectiveThis investigation assessed changes in utilization of inpatient, outpatient, emergency department, and pharmacy services in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy in 8 counties in New York affected by the storm.MethodsMedicaid data for enrollees residing in 8 counties in New York were used to obtain aggregated daily counts of claims for 4 service types over immediate, 3-month, and 1-year periods following the storm. Negative binomial regression was used to compare service utilization in the storm year with the 2 prior years, within areas differentially affected by the storm.ResultsChanges in service utilization within areas inside or outside the storm zone were most pronounced over the 1-year effect period. Differences in service utilization by year were the same by storm zone designation over the immediate effect period for all services.ConclusionsResults are consistent with previous investigations demonstrating that some of the greatest effects of a disaster on health services utilization occur well beyond the initial event. One-year effects, combined with some 3-month effects, suggests that storm recovery, with its effect on health care services utilization, may have followed different paths in areas designated as inside or outside the storm zone. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:472–484)

scholarly journals Food and Waterborne Disease in the Greater New York City Area Following Hurricane Sandy in 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Bloom ◽  
Jillian Palumbo ◽  
Nazia Saiyed ◽  
Ursula Lauper ◽  
Shao Lin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Waterborne Disease ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
City Area

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate residence in evacuation areas (storm areas) as a risk factor for food and waterborne disease (FWBD) associated with Hurricane Sandy flooding.MethodsWe captured 9601 incident outpatient and inpatient FWBD hospital discharge diagnoses for residents of the greater New York City area. We used Poisson or negative binomial regression models to compare the covariate-adjusted risk for a FWBD diagnosis, pre-Sandy (10/28-11/09, 2001-2011) vs. post-Sandy (10/28-11/09, 2012), for residents of “storm” and “non-storm” areas.ResultsOutpatient FWBD risk was lower for storm area residents after Hurricane Sandy (risk ratio [RR]=0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46-0.74), and varied by age, sex, and county. However, storm area residents 65 years of age or older experienced higher risk after Hurricane Sandy (RR=2.16, 95% CI: 1.11-4.19), albeit based on few cases. Inpatient FWBD risk was lower for non-storm area residents after Hurricane Sandy (RR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.66-0.95), and varied by age, race, and county, although there was no significant change for storm area residents (RR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.69-1.08). Those ≥65 years of age were also at lower risk for inpatient FWBD diagnosis, yet the effect was weaker for storm area (RR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.67-1.18) than for non-storm area residents (RR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.89).ConclusionsHurricane preparation, mitigation, and response activities in the greater New York City area may have led to “protective” effects for FWBD. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:503–511)

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