scholarly journals Job crafting promotes internal recovery state, especially in jobs that demand self-control: a daily diary design

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwei Shi ◽  
Zhuang She ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Kuihuan Niu
Keyword(s):  
Daily Diary ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Diary Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Diary Design

Abstract Background Research on how employees recover from work has focused primarily on recovery during non-work hours (external recovery) rather than recovery during work hours (internal recovery). Using the conservation of resources theory as a conceptual framework, we tested whether job crafting promotes an internal recovery state, and examined the processes that explain this association. Methods Using the daily diary method, 120 full-time employees provided information before and after work for 5 days by rating job crafting, ego depletion, self-control demands at work, fatigue and vigor. Results The results of multilevel modeling showed that after controlling for employees’ fatigue and vigor before work, daily job crafting predicted significantly better internal recovery (greater vigor and lower fatigue at the end of workday), and this association was mediated by lower ego depletion. The links between job crafting and internal recovery were stronger for employees with high self-control demands at work. Conclusions This study extends recovery research by examining internal recovery as well as job crafting as its antecedent. Further, the present study suggests that managers may consider encouraging and offering job crafting interventions for employees to achieve internal recovery state.

scholarly journals Job Crafting Promotes Internal Recovery State, Especially in Jobs that Demand Self-control: A Daily Diary Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Yanwei ◽  
She Zhuang ◽  
Li Dan ◽  
Zhang Hui ◽  
Niu Kuihuan
Keyword(s):  
Daily Diary ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Diary Method ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Daily Diary Design ◽  
Daily Diary Method

Abstract Background: There is an increasing body of research on how employees recover from work, but most of this research has focused on recovery during non-work hours (external recovery) rather than recovery during the work hours (internal recovery). Using the conservation of resources theory as a conceptual framework, we tested whether job crafting promotes internal recovery state, and examined the processes that explain this association.Methods: Using the daily diary method, 120 participants provided information twice a day for five days by rating job crafting, ego depletion, self-control demands at work, fatigue and vigor.Results: The analysis of results showed that after controlling for fatigue and vigor before employees started a day’s work, job crafting predicted significantly better internal recovery, and this association was mediated by lower ego depletion. These associations were moderated by how much self-control was required by the job, with the links between job crafting, lower ego depletion and internal recovery being stronger for employees with high demands to exercise self-control.Conclusions: This study provides insights to how employees with high self-control demands recover from work via job crafting.

scholarly journals The sequence of manipulation matters: Abstract thinking offsets ego-depletion when induced before, but not after a depleting task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Unger ◽  
Julie Papastamatelou
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Construal Level ◽  
Control Measurement ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Depletion Effect ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rule Out

AbstractBased on theoretical and empirical studies dealing with the facilitation and inhibiting effects of different psychic distances (low vs. high construal-level), we tested if the exhibition of self-control under a high construal-level is a more efficient and less resource exhausting mode, compared to the exhibition of self-control under a low construal level. Prior studies already showed that the execution of self-control results in a lower construal-level and a high construal-level has facilitating effects on self-control. We expand upon these studies by: 1. operationalizing the whole process of ego-depletion through two sequential self-control tasks, 2. combining one ego-depletion and one construal-level manipulation in a 2 by 2 design and 3. varying the sequence of manipulations. In Experiment 1, we examined how the manipulation of the participants before and after being depleted, affects the self-control performance in a final task. In Experiment 2, we re-tested the offset of ego-depletion on another self-control measurement, with the condition of a high construal-level manipulated first. In Experiment 1 the ego-depletion effect remained existent when the construal-level was manipulated after the execution of self-control in a stroop test, but it was offset, when the construal-level was manipulated before the stoop test. Drawing on measurements of the perceived available self-control resources in Experiment 2, we were able to rule out an alternative approach, explaining similar results by an attentional shift towards reduced resources under low construal-level.

Ego Depletion

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Muraven ◽  
Jacek Buczny ◽  
Kyle F. Law
Keyword(s):  
Limited Resource ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Ego Strength ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
Depletion Effect

Self-control all too often fails. Despite people’s best intentions and considerable negative outcomes, people often find themselves at the losing end of resisting temptation, combating urges, and changing their behavior. One reason for these failures may be that exerting self-control depletes a limited resource (ego depletion) that is necessary for the success of self-control. Hence, after exerting self-control, individuals are less able resist temptations, fight urges, or stop a behavior that results in a loss of self-control. This chapter reviews the evidence for this theory in a wide variety of domains and examines what behaviors appear to deplete ego strength and how depletion affects behavior. A comprehensive theory that examines how depletion operates is put forth and used to examine some factors that might moderate the depletion effect.

Locus of Control Dimensions among Senior Pharmacy Students Electing Post-Pharm. D. Residencies

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Dick R. Gourley ◽  
David E. Kapel ◽  
John W. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
External Control ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Clinical Faculty ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Faculty Groups ◽  
Faculty Group

The locus of control dimensions among senior Pharm.D. students electing post-Pharm.D. residencies (N=15) are compared with first (N = 60) and second year (N = 55) Pharm.D. students, as well as with senior Pharm.D. students not electing residencies (N=14). Volunteer clinical faculty [hospital (N=27) and community (N = 23) pharmacy preceptors] and full-time clinical faculty (N = 22) are also compared. The Reid-Ware three-factor internal-external scale was completed by the study population. The dimensions measured were: self-control, social systems control, and fatalism. This study was undertaken to: 1. compare the locus of control dimensions among senior pharmacy students electing post-Pharm.D. residencies with senior pharmacy students not electing post-Pharm.D. residencies (and with other pharmacy students) and 2. compare the locus of control dimensions among senior pharmacy students electing and not electing post-Pharm. D. residencies (and with other pharmacy students) with their clinical, hospital, and community faculty to identify personality congruence (i.e., similarities, differences) which might facilitate the development of patient oriented-interactive behaviors necessary for clinical practice. Self-control (SC) was the major factor that generated the significant difference in the seven groups. The clinical (full-time) faculty group is significantly different from the student groups with the exception of the P-3, residency students. Over 50 percent of the P-3 residency group responded more like the faculty groups than like other students, with more P-3 residency students responding like clinical faculty than any other student or faculty group. The implication is that a similar personality profile exists in terms of internal/external control for the P-3 residency and full-time clinical faculty groups. Professors may have influenced, stimulated, or motivated those students most like themselves to enter a residency program. Based on the data, it would appear desirable to profile pharmacy students and give those who have a strong internal self-control factor encouragement to pursue post-graduate academic or residency programs and to retain as many of those individuals as possible in the areas of pharmacy that directly influence patient care and the pharmacist's role on the health care team.

scholarly journals 600. Decreased Hospital Readmission After Programmatic Strengthening of an Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S362-S363
Author(s):  
Gaurav Agnihotri ◽  
Alan E Gross ◽  
Minji Seok ◽  
Cheng Yu Yen ◽  
Farah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Although it is recommended that an OPAT program should be managed by a formal OPAT team that supports the treating physician, many OPAT programs face challenges in obtaining necessary program staff (i.e nurses or pharmacists) due to limited data examining the impact of a dedicated OPAT team on patient outcomes. Our objective was to compare OPAT-related readmission rates among patients receiving OPAT before and after the implementation of a strengthened OPAT program. Methods This retrospective quasi-experiment compared adult patients discharged on intravenous (IV) antibiotics from the University of Illinois Hospital before and after implementation of programmatic changes to strengthen the OPAT program. Data from our previous study were used as the pre-intervention group (1/1/2012 to 8/1/2013), where only individual infectious disease (ID) physicians coordinated OPAT. Post-intervention (10/1/2017 to 1/1/2019), a dedicated OPAT nurse provided full time support to the treating ID physicians through care coordination, utilization of protocols for lab monitoring and management, and enhanced documentation. Factors associated with readmission for OPAT-related problems at a significance level of p< 0.1 in univariate analysis were eligible for testing in a forward stepwise multinomial logistic regression to identify independent predictors of readmission. Results Demographics, antimicrobial indications, and OPAT administration location of the 428 patients pre- and post-intervention are listed in Table 1. After implementation of the strengthened OPAT program, the readmission rate due to OPAT-related complications decreased from 17.8% (13/73) to 6.5% (23/355) (p=0.001). OPAT-related readmission reasons included: infection recurrence/progression (56%), adverse drug reaction (28%), or line-associated issues (17%). Independent predictors of hospital readmission due to OPAT-related problems are listed in Table 2. Table 1. OPAT Patient Demographics and Factors Pre- and Post-intervention Table 2. Factors independently associated with hospital readmission in OPAT patients Conclusion An OPAT program with dedicated staff at a large academic tertiary care hospital was independently associated with decreased risk for readmission, which provides critical evidence to substantiate additional resources being dedicated to OPAT by health systems in the future. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Feeling Gratitude and Depletion: The Ambivalent Consequences of Receiving Help in the Workplace

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2039
Author(s):  
Yuanfang Zhan ◽  
Jinfan Zhou ◽  
Huan Cheng ◽  
Renyan Mu
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Using Data

Drawing from social exchange theory, we developed a dual-path model of employees’ reactions to episodic help received from colleagues. Through a diary study, using data collected from 127 full-time employees working in a large Chinese bank, we tested this model, revealing that receiving episodic help from colleagues is positively related to the help receivers’ gratitude and ego depletion. Through these two ambivalent psychological states, help receivers were found to simultaneously engage in more organizational citizenship behaviors and deviance behaviors on a daily basis. These empirical findings contribute to research that adopts a target-centric perspective in examining the consequences of helping behavior in the workplace.

Masculinity in the Midst of Mindfulness: Exploring the Gendered Experiences of At-risk Adolescent Boys

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-149
Author(s):  
Tim Lomas ◽  
Ellie Garraway ◽  
Chloe Stanton ◽  
Itai Ivtzan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Emotional Competencies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Pressures ◽  
At Risk Adolescents ◽  
Difficult Transition

Teenage boys are a source of considerable concern in society, with generally poorer health, educational, and social outcomes than their female counterparts. Of particular concern are “at-risk” adolescents, who by definition are liable to poorer outcomes than peers not deemed at-risk. However, there are indications that activities such as mindfulness may offer opportunities for such adolescents to negotiate more positive constructions of masculinity. This study piloted a new four-week mindfulness-based intervention, created specifically for a group of eight at-risk adolescent boys at a school in London. In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with participants before and after the intervention and analyzed using grounded theory. The data revealed an overarching theme of “pressure control.” Participants depicted themselves as facing multiple pressures, many of which related to making the difficult transition from childhood to adulthood. However, the context of the intervention enabled them to generate a masculine construction in which they were able to reclaim agency and self-control. Notably, such control was often exercised in the direction of facilitating emotional connection and agility, thus subverting traditional masculine expectations. The results show that at-risk adolescent boys are capable of more nuanced and skilled emotional competencies than they are often given credit for.

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