scholarly journals History of drinking problems diminishes the protective effects of within-guideline drinking on 18-year risk of dementia and CIND

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny L. Brennan ◽  
Charles J. Holahan ◽  
Rudolf H. Moos ◽  
Kathleen K. Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Drinking Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment No Dementia ◽  
Baseline Demographic

Abstract Objective To examine the moderating effect of older adults’ history of drinking problems on the relationship between their baseline alcohol consumption and risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) 18 years later. Method A longitudinal Health and Retirement Study cohort (n = 4421) was analyzed to demonstrate how older adults’ baseline membership in one of six drinking categories (non-drinker, within-guideline drinker, and outside-guideline drinker groups, divided to reflect absence or presence of a history of drinking problems) predicts dementia and CIND 18 years later. Results Among participants with no history of drinking problems, 13% of non-drinkers, 5% of within-guideline drinkers, and 9% of outside-guideline drinkers were classified as having dementia 18-years later. Among those with a history of drinking problems, 14% of non-drinkers, 9% of within-guideline drinkers, and 7% of outside-guideline drinkers were classified with dementia. With Non-Drinker, No HDP as reference category, being a baseline within-guideline drinker with no history of drinking problems reduced the likelihood of dementia 18 years later by 45%, independent of baseline demographic and health characteristics; being a baseline within-guideline drinker with a history of drinking problems reduced the likelihood by only 13% (n.s.). Similar patterns obtained for the prediction of CIND. Conclusions For older adults, consuming alcohol at levels within validated guidelines for low-risk drinking may offer moderate long-term protection from dementia and CIND, but this effect is diminished by having a history of drinking problems. Efforts to predict and prevent dementia and CIND should focus on older adults’ history of drinking problems in addition to how much alcohol they consume.

scholarly journals Within-Guideline Alcohol Consumption Protects Against Dementia?: Offset Effect of History of Drinking Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 898-898
Author(s):  
Penny Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Moderate Drinking ◽  
Drinking Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Offset Effect ◽  
Or History ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Abstract Research on the prospective relationship between older adults’ alcohol consumption and their subsequent risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) has been limited by inconsistent definitions of “moderate” drinking, use of short follow-ups, and an exclusive focus on either amounts of alcohol, or history of drinking problems, as predictors. To overcome these limitations we analyzed a longitudinal, 18-year Health and Retirement Study cohort (n=4,421) to determine how older adults’ baseline membership in one of six drinking categories (Non-Drinker, Without and With a History of Drinking Problems (HDP); Within-Guideline Drinker, Without and With a HDP; and Outside-Guideline Drinker, Without and With a HDP) predicted dementia and CIND 18 years later. Among participants with No HDP, 12.6% of Non-Drinkers, 5.2% of Within-Guideline Drinkers, and 8.8% of Outside-Guideline Drinkers were classified as having dementia at the 18-year follow-up; among participants With HDP, 14.1% of Non-Drinkers, 8.9 % of Within-Guideline Drinkers, and 6.9% of Outside-Guideline Drinkers were classified with dementia. Being a baseline Within-Guideline Drinker with No HDP reduced the likelihood of dementia 18 years later by 45%, independent of baseline demographic and health characteristics; being a baseline Within-Guideline Drinker With a HDP reduced the likelihood of dementia by only 13% (n.s.). Similar patterns obtained for the effects of baseline drinking group membership on likelihood of CIND at follow-up. These findings suggest that consuming alcohol at levels within validated guidelines for low-risk drinking may protect against dementia and CIND, but only among older adults who have no history of drinking problems.

Northeast India as an Indigenous Centre for the Domestication of Plants and Animals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjil Hazarika
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Rice Agriculture ◽  
Animal Domestication ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diverse Cultures

Northeast India is situated at the nexus of the South Asian, Southeast Asian, and East Asian biogeographical realms and harbours diverse biota, providing a unique opportunity to archaeologists and anthropologists for the study of the relationship between humans and their environment over the ages. Moreover, this region, the abode of diverse ethnic groups with diverse cultures and customs, hints at a long history of continuous and close association between humans and nature, which is important in the understanding of plant and animal domestication. Genetic analysis of present-day domesticates with their wild counterparts provides valuable insights into their differentiation, time of domestication, and changes in their morphological traits through control by humans. The chapter also elucidates the role played by rice in Northeast Indian culture and highlights the long-term history of rice agriculture in the region.

scholarly journals Depression and empathy in health professionals who work in the long-term care institutions for older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Marina Miranda Borges ◽  
Ana Julia de Lima Bomfim ◽  
Marcos Hortes Nisihara Chagas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Empathy is an important factor to guarantee the quality of care provided in the long-term care institutions (LTCIs) for older adults, and depression is a factor that affects the health of the professional and, consequently, the care. Thus, it is important that studies are conducted on the relationship of these variables in this context. Objective: The aim of this study is to verify the relationship between empathy and depressive symptoms among health professionals working in the LTCIs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at LTCIs in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The final sample was constituted by 101 health professionals (i.e., caregivers and nursing technicians) with direct participation in the care of institutionalized older adults. The instruments were used as follows: the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to assess empathy and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for the diagnosis of depression. For the analyses, the patients were divided into groups with and without depression, according to the score of the PHQ-9. Results: The prevalence of depression among health professionals was 19.8%. Significant statistical differences were found between the groups for the total score of the IRI (p=0.029), for the emotional domain (p=0.023), and for the personal distress (p=0.009). Conclusions: The findings indicate that the presence of depression among health professionals at LTCIs is related to the higher levels of empathy, especially in the emotional domain. Thus, future studies that contribute to understanding how care must be provided with empathy, but without harming the health of the professional, should be carried out.

scholarly journals Cesarean scar defect and its association with clinical symptoms, uterine position and the number of cesarean sections

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 4091
Author(s):  
Madhangi V. B. ◽  
Ramany C.
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Caesarean Scar Defect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Caesarean scar defect (CSD), also called isthmocele or niche is a long-term complication, which can be asymptomatic or can give rise to chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia and postmenstrual spotting. The objective of this study was to assess the association of CSD with clinical symptoms, position of the uterus and the number of caesarean sections.Methods: This was a prospective observational study done at a tertiary care teaching hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. The study included women with history of previous one or more caesarean sections with demonstrable CSD on transvaginal ultrasound. Various scar dimensions noted were width and depth of the scar. A deficiency ratio was calculated as a ratio of residual myometrium at the scar to the adjacent myometrium.Univariate analysis was done to assess the relationship of clinical symptoms with the defect parameters and number of previous caesarean sections. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done to find out the association between symptoms and number of previous caesarean sections with the scar defect dimensions.Results: The width, depth and deficiency ratio of the CSD were significantly higher in study subjects with a greater number of caesarean sections. Retroflexed uteri had larger CSD. There was no association of clinical features with the defect dimensions and the position of the uterus.Conclusions: CSD dimensions and deficiency ratio correlate with the number of previous caesarean sections and the position of the uterus. There was no association of clinical symptoms with the defect parameters.

scholarly journals Mnemonic Populism: The Polish Holocaust Law and its Afterlife

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelia Kończal
Keyword(s):  
Significant Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Foundations ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

In early 2018, the Polish parliament adopted controversial legislation criminalising assertions regarding the complicity of the ‘Polish Nation’ and the ‘Polish State’ in the Holocaust. The so-called Polish Holocaust Law provoked not only a heated debate in Poland, but also serious international tensions. As a result, it was amended only five months after its adoption. The reason why it is worth taking a closer look at the socio-cultural foundations and political functions of the short-lived legislation is twofold. Empirically, the short history of the Law reveals a great deal about the long-term role of Jews in the Polish collective memory as an unmatched Significant Other. Conceptually, the short life of the Law, along with its afterlife, helps capture poll-driven, manifestly moralistic and anti-pluralist imaginings of the past, which I refer to as ‘mnemonic populism’. By exploring the relationship between popular and political images of the past in contemporary Poland, this article argues for joining memory and populism studies in order to better understand what can happen to history in illiberal surroundings.

scholarly journals SLEEP APNEA ASSOCIATED COMORBIDITIES AND MORTALITY IN AN OLDER VETERAN POPULATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S263-S264
Author(s):  
Denise M Kresevic ◽  
muralidahar pallaki ◽  
Christopher J Burant ◽  
Clare Gideon ◽  
Emily Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract Evidence continues to mount that sleep apnea (SA) occurs in 10-25% of Americans and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality (Schulman 2018). Among veterans, SA has been reported four times more often as compared to other non-veteran cohorts. (Wong 2015). The risk of developing dementia is increased in older individuals with OSA (Shastri, Bangar, & Holmes, 2015). The prevalence and characteristics of older adults with dementia and sleep apnea is not well known and long-term population-based studies on mortality have been lacking. Recent studies have reported overall mortality rates of 19%, in those individuals with SA, an increased rate of 1.5-3 times the mortality rate as compared to those individuals those without SA. Current recommendations support SA screening of high risk individuals including those with symptoms of snoring, fatigue, memory and concentration problems and mood changes. (Krist 2018). Despite a large number of older adults with suspected SA and comorbidities, the majority are not screened, referred, diagnosed and treated. In this VA pilot study of outpatient older male veterans with dementia and SA, N=195, mean age 75.83 years, SD=9.1, 51.3% were white, 37.5% were black. Frequently found comorbidities were: hypertension 88%, congestive heart failure 41%, Diabetes. 62% and, stroke 21%. Of note, among those who died, SA was significantly related to congested heart failure (r=.32, p<.001) and COPD (r=.40, p<.001). The overall mortality rate of 27% was higher than previous reports. Further investigation is needed to better understand the relationship between comorbidities, and SA, screening, treatment and mortality.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE AND HEARING IMPAIRMENTS IN OLDER ADULTS: EVIDENCE FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S77-S77
Author(s):  
Jessica S West ◽  
Scott Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Over Time

Abstract As the number of older adults increases, increased prevalence of cognitive and sensory impairments pose growing public health challenges. Research on the relationship between hearing impairment and cognition, however, is minimal and has yielded mixed results, with some studies finding that hearing impairment is associated with cognitive decline, and others reporting that the association is weak or non-existent. Most of this research has been conducted outside of the U.S., and the few U.S.-based longitudinal studies have relied mostly on small, non-representative samples involving short follow-up periods. Further, despite known gendered patterns in cognitive and hearing impairments, no studies to date have examined whether the relationship between the two varies by gender. Our study addresses these weaknesses in the literature by utilizing nine waves of the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2014; n=14,169), a large, nationally representative, longitudinal study that facilitates examination of long-term interrelationships between hearing and cognitive impairments. In this study, we use autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) methods to model: 1) the relationship between hearing impairment and cognitive decline, and 2) sex differences in the relationship. ALT models enable us to determine whether hearing impairment and cognitive impairment are associated, net of their common tendency simply to co-trend with age. Results indicate that hearing and cognitive impairments are strongly interrelated processes that trend together over time. Moreover, hearing impairment has an increasing impact on cognitive impairment across age while the effect of cognitive impairment on hearing impairment levels out over time. Sex differences in these patterns are discussed.

Long Term Changes in Abundance of Eggs of the Cornish Pilchard (Sardina Pilchardus Walbaum) Off Plymouth

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Hearsay Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

The inshore fishery for the pilchard in Cornish waters has existed for several hundred years, and such records as are available concerning fluctuation in catches and market conditions have been reviewed by Couch (1865), Cushing (1957) and Culley (1971). Although pilchard have been landed from Lyme Bay, from the eastern half of the Channel, and from the southern North Sea (Couch, 1865; Furnestin, 1945; Cushing, 1957; personal communications G. T. Boalch) the catches have usually been incidental to other fisheries and more sporadic than in Cornish waters. Traditionally there are three areas fished for the Cornish pilchard: on the north-west coast around St Ives; in Mounts Bay and towards the Scillies; and between the Lizard Pt and Bolt Tail in Devon (Couch, 1865; Culley, 1971). The latter region, constituting the inshore waters of south-east Cornwall and south Devon, effectively forms the eastern limits of the regular occurrence of commercial shoals. Knowledge of the breeding and life-history of the fish in this region has always been scarce and subject to much hearsay evidence (reviewed in Southward, 1963). Up to quite recently it was thought that the main spawning area lay well to the west of the entrance to the Channel, and it was not until the investigations reported by Corbin (1947,195°) a nd Cushing (1957)tnat it was conclusively shown that extensive spawning can occur within the English Channel from May to October. The relationship of the spawning in the western Channel to the other areas of spawning off the entrance to the Channel and in the northern Bay of Biscay is illustrated in a recent series of reports (Arbault & Boutin, 1968; Arbault & Lacroix-Boutin, 1969; Arbault & Lacroix, 1971; Wallace, P. D. & Pleasants, C. A., duplicated ICES meeting paper CM 1972/J: 8), and is further demonstrated by Demir & Southward (1974) in discussing the results of a study of small scale seasonal changes in spawning intensity in inshore waters.

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