scholarly journals Mismatch of corneal specialists’ expectations and keratoconus knowledge in general ophthalmologists - a prospective observational study in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp B. Baenninger ◽  
Lucas M. Bachmann ◽  
Katja C. Iselin ◽  
Oliver A. Pfaeffli ◽  
Claude Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Delayed Intervention ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background To assess whether Swiss general ophthalmologists have the minimal keratoconus knowledge that corneal specialists would expect them to have. Methods Corneal specialists defined “minimal keratoconus knowledge” (MKK) with respect to definition, risk factors, symptoms and possible treatment options of keratoconus. A telephone interview survey was conducted among one hundred ophthalmologists (mean age 51.9 years (SD 9.5), 60 % male) from the German-speaking part of Switzerland. For each participant, years of work experience, number of keratoconus patients seen per year and access to a topography device were obtained. We calculated the proportion of MKK and examined in multivariate analyses whether ophthalmologists with access to topography and with greater work experience performed better than other groups. Results No single ophthalmologist had MKK. The mean MKK was 52.0 %, and the range was 28.6–81.0 %. Per 10 years of working in private practice, the MKK decreased by 8.1 % points (95 % CI: -14.2, -2.00; p = 0.01). Only 24 % of participants correctly recalled the definition of keratoconus, 9 % all risk factors, 5 % all symptoms and 20 % all treatment modalities. The MKK values were not associated with the number of keratoconus patients seen per year and the availability of topography to diagnose keratoconus. Conclusions There is a substantial mismatch between corneal specialist’ expectations and general ophthalmologists’ knowledge about keratoconus. The low recall of symptoms and risk factors may explain why ophthalmologists diagnose relatively few cases of keratoconus, resulting in inefficient care delivery and delayed intervention.

scholarly journals Plantar Fasciitis:

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Suzan M. Attar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Heel Pain ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Multiple Treatment

Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain in adults. It is a clinical diagnosis, as patients classically presents with pain that is particularly severe with the first few steps in the morning. Although it is a self-limited condition; however, due to the severity of the pain, medical attention is sought. Symptoms will ease quicker if risk factors are adjusted and multiple treatment modalities are started as early as possible. This article reviews plantar fasciitis; presents the most effective treatment options currently available.

scholarly journals Prevalence, prevention and risk factors for lumbar spine pain in dental practitioners

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 312-317
Author(s):  
Elvis Mahmutovic ◽  
Radoslava Doder ◽  
Zana Dolicanin ◽  
Bozana Radanovic ◽  
Tanja Jankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Spine Pain ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Dental Professionals

Introduction. Lumbar spine pain is among the most common conditions affecting daily activities in modern-day societies, as well as the second most common cause of absenteeism from work. The aim of the paper was to determine the incidence of lumbar spine pain in dental professionals of the Dental Clinic of Vojvodina, the effects of lumbar spine pain on their general health and work ability, their attitude to treatment options, as well as potential etiological factors for the appearance of lumbar spine pain. Material and Methods. A prospective study included 45 employees of the Dental Clinic of Vojvodina. We investigated the association between the appearance of lumbar spine pain and the work of dental professionals. The data were gathered via a questionnaire analyzing musculoskeletal disorders, and the probable risk factors for their appearance. Results. There were 75.6% (34/45) of women and 24.4% (11/45) of men, aged from 22 to 64 years, with a total work experience of 13?9.6 years. Lumbar spine pain was recorded in 60% of examinees. They were mostly localized in the lower back (52.2%), but also spreading down along both legs (17.4%) and into the right hip (13%) (p < 0.01). The incidence of low back pain was higher in dentists (72.4%) than in dental assistants (45.5%) and dental technicians (20%) (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Lumbar spine disorders are among the most frequent occupational diseases in dental practice, associated with multifactorial causes. Ergonomics and ergonomic education are primary factors in the prevention and therapy of lumbar spine conditions.

A Tutorial of the Current Treatment Modalities and Voice Management in Laryngeal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-813
Author(s):  
Kathryn Regan ◽  
Ashwini Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Voice Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
The Voice

Purpose The purpose of this tutorial was to provide speech-language pathologists unfamiliar with the rehabilitation of laryngeal cancer a basic understanding of laryngeal cancer and the factors involved in the treatment of the voice. Conclusion This tutorial provides an overview of the types and subsites of laryngeal cancer, risk factors, stages and prognosis, and treatment options at these stages. The readers will gain the foundational knowledge necessary to work with this population and a starting point for further study. More research is needed regarding voice outcomes and the benefits of voice therapy in combination with the available laryngeal cancer treatment modalities so that we may better serve these patients.

Basal Cell Carcinoma: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Treatment Options

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M Farma ◽  
Elena P Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Hedgehog Pathway ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Genetic Syndromes

Ultraviolent (UV) solar radiation is considered to be the dominant risk factor for development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The development of BCC is thought to arise from intense, intermittent sun exposure leading to burns. Identifying patients with high-risk factors for developing BCC includes chronic immunosuppression, exposure to ionizing radiation, and certain genetic syndromes. Primary treatment goals of BCC include cure of tumor with maximal preservation of function. Although rarely metastatic, BCC can produce substantial local destruction. Treatment modalities can be divided into surgical and nonsurgical therapies, although surgical therapy is the mainstay of treatment. Superficial therapies, such as topical imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil, photodynamic therapy, or cryotherapy, may be effective for anatomically challenging locations where surgery or radiation is contraindicated, but the cure rates of these approaches are lower compared with surgery. Recent FDA-approved hedgehog pathway inhibitors include vismodegib and sonidegib for patients who have exhausted surgical and radiation options for treating advanced BCC. This review contains 4 figures, 5 tables, and 25 references. Key words: cryosurgery, cutaneous basal cell carcinoma, hedgehog pathway inhibitors, Mohs micrographic surgery, pathologic risk factors, photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy, surgical margins, topical therapies 

Basal Cell Carcinoma: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Treatment Options

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M Farma ◽  
Elena P Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Hedgehog Pathway ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Genetic Syndromes

Ultraviolent (UV) solar radiation is considered to be the dominant risk factor for development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The development of BCC is thought to arise from intense, intermittent sun exposure leading to burns. Identifying patients with high-risk factors for developing BCC includes chronic immunosuppression, exposure to ionizing radiation, and certain genetic syndromes. Primary treatment goals of BCC include cure of tumor with maximal preservation of function. Although rarely metastatic, BCC can produce substantial local destruction. Treatment modalities can be divided into surgical and nonsurgical therapies, although surgical therapy is the mainstay of treatment. Superficial therapies, such as topical imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil, photodynamic therapy, or cryotherapy, may be effective for anatomically challenging locations where surgery or radiation is contraindicated, but the cure rates of these approaches are lower compared with surgery. Recent FDA-approved hedgehog pathway inhibitors include vismodegib and sonidegib for patients who have exhausted surgical and radiation options for treating advanced BCC. This review contains 4 figures, 5 tables, and 25 references. Key words: cryosurgery, cutaneous basal cell carcinoma, hedgehog pathway inhibitors, Mohs micrographic surgery, pathologic risk factors, photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy, surgical margins, topical therapies 

scholarly journals Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus: Risk Factors, Treatment Modalities, and Prognosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
Vamsi Yerramneni ◽  
Vamsi Kotha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Csf Diversion

Background Posttraumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is a rare clinicopathological entity seen as a sequel of head injury (HI). The described incidence in literature is 7 to 29%. Aims and Objectives To study the incidence, risk factors, treatment options, and prognosis. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed our HI database from our institution and identified patients with PTH. The data were obtained from the case files, radiologic records, telephonic interviews, and letters. Results PTH was diagnosed in 32 patients with mean age being 33.7 ± 16.0 years. Severe HI was present in 22(68.75%) patients, and all of them underwent decompressive craniectomy (DC). Remaining patients had either cranial base repair for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak or conservative management. Average duration for development of PTH after the HI was 11.05 ± 0.58 months in DC group and 17.0 ± 1.25 months in the non-DC group. Patients were treated by CSF diversion (ventriculoperitoneal [VP] or thecoperitoneal shunt) and lumbar subarachnoid drainage in the perioperative period of cranioplasty. Average interval between DC and cranioplasty was 6.21 ± 14.0 months. Mean follow-up was 72.23 ± 0.67 months and observed mortality was 32%. Statistical analysis showed correlation between severity of HI, DC, and development of PTH. DC also had correlation with early development of PTH. Conclusion The incidence of PTH is low and the etiology is multifactorial. Severe HI, DC, and delayed cranioplasty (>6 months) are associated with higher chances of PTH development. Though VP shunt placement is the established treatment modality, temporary lumbar subarachnoid drain placement in perioperative period of cranioplasty in selected cases is an option.

scholarly journals Plantar Fasciitis:

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Suzan M. Attar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Heel Pain ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Multiple Treatment

Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain in adults. It is a clinical diagnosis, as patients classically presents with pain that is particularly severe with the first few steps in the morning. Although it is a self-limited condition; however, due to the severity of the pain, medical attention is sought. Symptoms will ease quicker if risk factors are adjusted and multiple treatment modalities are started as early as possible. This article reviews plantar fasciitis; presents the most effective treatment options currently available.

Resolution and measurement in the scanning electron microscope

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 534-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Postek
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Instrument Resolution ◽  
Accurate Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Better Than

The term ultimate resolution or resolving power is the very best performance that can be obtained from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) given the optimum instrumental conditions and sample. However, as it relates to SEM users, the conventional definitions of this figure are ambiguous. The numbers quoted for the resolution of an instrument are not only theoretically derived, but are also verified through the direct measurement of images on micrographs. However, the samples commonly used for this purpose are specifically optimized for the measurement of instrument resolution and are most often not typical of the sample used in practical applications.SEM RESOLUTION. Some instruments resolve better than others either due to engineering design or other reasons. There is no definitively accurate definition of how to quantify instrument resolution and its measurement in the SEM.

Management of thoracic aortic lesions - the future is endovascular

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidenhagen ◽  
Bombien ◽  
Meimarakis ◽  
Geisler ◽  
A. Koeppel
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Traumatic Rupture ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Aneurysm Dissection

Open surgical repair of lesions of the descending thoracic aorta, such as aneurysm, dissection and traumatic rupture, has been the “state-of-the-art” treatment for many decades. However, in specialized cardiovascular centers, thoracic endovascular aortic repair and hybrid aortic procedures have been implemented as novel treatment options. The current clinical results show that these procedures can be performed with low morbidity and mortality rates. However, due to a lack of randomized trials, the level of reliability of these new treatment modalities remains a matter of discussion. Clinical decision-making is generally based on the experience of the vascular center as well as on individual factors, such as life expectancy, comorbidity, aneurysm aetiology, aortic diameter and morphology. This article will review and discuss recent publications of open surgical, hybrid thoracic aortic (in case of aortic arch involvement) and endovascular repair in complex pathologies of the descending thoracic aorta.

Overview of Treatment Options for Critical Limb Ischaemia Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Baumann ◽  
Nicolas Diehm ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Critical Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Arterial Revascularisation ◽  
Planning Treatment ◽  
Treatment Concepts ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Renal Origin

Patients with critical limb ischaemia (CLI) constitute a subgroup of patients with particularly severe peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD). Treatment modalities for these patients that often exhibit multilevel lesions and severe vascular calcifications are complicated due to multiple comorbidities, i.e. of cardiac and vascular but also of renal origin. These need to be taken into consideration while planning treatment options. Although CLI is associated with considerably high morbidity and mortality rates, the clinical outcome of patients being subjected to revascularisation has improved substantially in recent years. This is mainly due to improved secondary prevention strategies as well as dedicated endovascular innovations for this most challenging patient cohort. The aim of this article is to provide a discussion of the contemporary treatment concepts for CLI patients with a focus on arterial revascularisation.

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