scholarly journals How do we measure gender discrimination? Proposing a construct of gender discrimination through a systematic scoping review

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura de la Torre-Pérez ◽  
Alba Oliver-Parra ◽  
Xavier Torres ◽  
Maria Jesús Bertran
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
The Third ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background Gender discrimination (GD) has been frequently linked to mental health. The heterogeneity of how GD is defined has led to variation around the analysis of GD. This might affect the study of the association between GD and health outcomes. The main goal of this systematic scoping review is to operationalize the definition of the GD construct. Methods Three search strategies were set in Pubmed, CINAHL and PsycINFO. The first strategy obtained results mainly about women, while the second focused on men. The third strategy focused on the identification of GD questionnaires. The prevalence of GD, factors and consequences associated with GD perception, and forms of discrimination were the principal variables collected. Risk of bias was assessed (PROSPERO:CRD42019120719). Results Of the 925 studies obtained, 84 were finally included. 60 GD questionnaires were identified. GD prevalence varied between 3.4 and 67 %. Female gender and a younger age were the factors most frequently related to GD. Poorer mental health was the most frequent consequence. Two components of the GD construct were identified: undervaluation (different recognition, opportunities in access, evaluation standards and expectations) and different treatment (verbal abuse and behaviour). Conclusions Two-component GD definition can add order and precision to the measurement, increase response rates and reported GD.

scholarly journals A systematic scoping review to approach the construct of gender discrimination

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L de la Torre ◽  
A Oliver ◽  
X Torres ◽  
M J Bertran
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Gender discrimination (GD) has been frequently linked to mental health. The heterogeneity of GD definition has led to different assessment methodologies and variation around the analysis of GD. This can affect the study of the association between GD and health outcomes. The main goal of this systematic scoping review is the review of previous studies to operationalize the definition of the GD construct. Three search strategies were set in Pubmed, CINAHL and PsycINFO. 1st and 2nd search strategies included studies if their main focus was either, the analysis of discrimination perception, triggers of discrimination or the analysis of GD effects and associated factors to its perception. 3rd strategy was focused on the identification of GD questionnaires. The prevalence of GD, factors and consequences associated with GD perception and forms of discrimination were the principal variables collected. Risk of bias was assessed (PROSPERO: CRD42019120719). A total of 925 studies were obtained and 84 papers included. GD analysis environments were described. 60 questionnaires of discrimination were identified. Prevalence of GD varied between 3.4-67%. Female gender and a younger age were the factors most frequently related to GD. Poorer mental health was the most frequent consequence. Two components of the GD construct were identified: undervaluation (different recognition, opportunities in access, evaluation standards and expectations) and different treatment (verbal abuse and behavior). GD is measured in several environments and with different methodologies. The two component definition of GD can add order and precision to the measurement, increase response rates and reported GD. Key messages The heterogeneity in the conception of gender discrimination has led to different ways of assessment and to a great heterogeneity around the analysis of GD perception. This operative gender discrimination construct could add order and precision to its measurement, increase response rates and reported GD.

Impact of pre-operative chemotherapy on the quality of life (QL) of patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Experience from the MRC LU22/NVALT/EORTC 08012 multicentre randomised trial

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9020-9020
Author(s):  
P. Hopwood ◽  
M. Nankivell ◽  
C. Pugh ◽  
D. Gilligan ◽  
M. Nicolson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk

9020 Aim: To evaluate QL during the first 2 years follow-up in patients randomised to receive 3 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy (CT-S) prior to surgical resection of NSCLC compared to those receiving surgery alone (S). Methods: A total of 519 patients were entered into the LU22 trial from 70 centres in the UK, The Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. All patients were asked to complete the SF-36 QL questionnaire prior to randomisation and at 6 and 12 months then annually to 5 years. The scores from the SF-36 questionnaire were combined into 8 domains and also summarised as physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS). The 6,12 and 24 month PCS and MCS scores were analysed using multivariable regression to identify prognostic factors and investigate the difference between the regimens. Results: 82% patients completed QL at baseline, and compliance at 6, 12 and 24 months was 59%, 60% and 67% respectively. Median age was 63 (range 25 to 79 years) and 72% were male. At 6 months patients in the S group reported somewhat better functioning in all domains except general health and mental health, but no differences were seen at 12 or 24 months. The regression analyses indicated that better physical health outcomes (PCS) were predicted by baseline PCS and MCS at all follow-up points (all p<0.05), whereas longer time since surgery predicted better PCS at 6 months (p<0.05), and younger age predicted better PCS at 24 months (p=0.07). For mental health, better MCS was predicted at all time points by baseline MCS (p<0.05). In addition, female gender (p=0.07), and PCS (p<0.05), were predictors at 6 months, and younger age predicted better MCS at 24 months (p<0.01). Treatment regimen had no effect on QL at any time point. At 1 and 2 years more than 50% patients considered their health comparable to others, and 45% were generally optimistic about their future health. Conclusions: Over 2 years follow-up, QL was not adversely affected by pre-operative chemotherapy and there were no significant differences between the regimens. Many patients saw themselves as fit as their contemporaries. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Community interventions improving mental health in minority ethnic adults in the UK: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Baskin ◽  
G Zijlstra ◽  
M McGrath ◽  
C Lee ◽  
F Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Community Interventions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Abstract Background Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups in the UK are disproportionately affected by poor mental health. This scoping review sought to determine the effectiveness of community interventions designed to improve the metal health and wellbeing of adults from BAME groups in the UK. Methods We searched six electronic academic databases for studies published between 1990- 2019. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and the Template for Intervention description and replication (TIDieR) guide was used for data extraction and intervention descriptions. Quality was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias tools. Grey literature results were deemed beyond the scope of this review; numerous (&gt;50) small scale community interventions were found without available outcomes data. Results Of 4,501 studies, seven met the inclusion criteria: four randomised control trials, one pre and post pilot study, one cross sectional study and one ethnographic study. Interventions included therapy-style sessions, peer-support groups, educational materials, gym access, and a family services programme. Common components included a focus on tackling social isolation, using lay health workers from within the community, signposting, and cultural adaptation. Only three studies reported a statistically significant positive outcome on mental health and six were appraised as having a high risk of bias. Knowledge gaps emerged around effective interventions for men, some BAME groups, and tackling the wider determinants of mental health. Conclusions There is a paucity of high-quality evidence on community interventions focussed on improving public mental health among BAME groups. Decision makers need scientific evidence to inform effective approaches to mitigating health disparities. Our next steps are to map promising community activities and interventions that are currently being provided to help identify emerging evidence. Key messages Evidence is limited and weak on community interventions that reduce mental health burden among minority ethnic people. Evaluation of promising interventions at scale can close the evidence gap.

Limits to the value of mental health review tribunals for offender patients

1999 ◽  
Vol 174 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela J. Taylor ◽  
Emma Goldberg ◽  
Morven Leese ◽  
Martin Butwell ◽  
Alison Reed
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Patient Status ◽  
Mental Health Legislation ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Public Rights ◽  
Conditional Discharge ◽  
Special Hospital ◽  
Health Legislation ◽  
Psychopathic Disorder

BackgroundReform of mental health legislation for England and Wales is due. MHRTs offer an important check in the balance between patient and public rights.AimsTo study the quantity and outcome of MHRTs in special (high-security) hospitals.MethodData were extracted from the records of 1670 patients detained under mental illness or psychopathic disorder classifications in special hospitals during 1992.ResultsThere were 661 MHRT hearings, mostly requested by patients. Forty-three (7%) discharges were ordered, often without key data about continuing care in the written evidence. There were 56 recommendations for transfer to lesser security. Correlates of MHRT discharge were: female gender, younger age (in women), a legal classification of psychopathic disorder and shorter length of stay. Conditional discharge did not necessarily mean departure from special hospital.ConclusionsSpecial hospital MHRTs result in few changes in patient status. A probable need for improvement in the evidence put before an MHRT was found. Legislation reformers should consider an extension of MHRT powers to order transfer between levels of security.

scholarly journals POS1161 A CITIZEN SCIENCE APPROACH TO CAPTURE POOR MENTAL HEALTH RELATED TO COVID-19 IN RHEUMATIC PATIENTS AFTER CONFINEMENT DURING PANDEMIC IN ITALY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 858.2-859
Author(s):  
F. Ingegnoli ◽  
M. Buoli ◽  
C. Posio ◽  
R. DI Taranto ◽  
A. Lo Muscio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Rheumatic Patients

Background:A considerable psychosocial burden is one of the relevant consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, quarantine measures have been related to negative psychological effects, including symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, stress, anxiety, and depression (1). This rise in mental health disorders might be even worse among people more vulnerable to psychological stress such as patients suffering from chronic rheumatic diseases (RDs).Objectives:The present Italian nationwide survey engages patients with rheumatic conditions through eleven associations of RD patients. It is conducted to establish the COVID-19 related self-reported poor mental health symptoms and to identify potential factors associated with these concerns among RDs who experienced the COVID-19 quarantine in Italy.Methods:We collected data from May to September 2020 from RD patients living in Italy during the COVID-19 quarantine by an ad-hoc online survey. By using their mailing list and the related webpage and social network, eleven patients’ associations sent a call to RD patients asking them to complete an anonymous online survey which included the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). χ2 tests were performed to detect statistically significant differences in both rating scale scores between groups defined by qualitative variables. Correlation analyses were realized with quantitative variables and rating scale scores. Variables significant in univariate analyses were then inserted in multivariate regression models.Results:In total, 507 RD patients completed to the survey. 375 (73.9%) patients had inflammatory arthritis (243 rheumatoid arthritis, 76 psoriatic arthritis, 49 ankylosing spondylitis, and 7 Still’s disease), and 96 (18.9%) with connective tissue diseases or systemic vasculitis. 31 (6.1%) patients had primary fibromyalgia and 5 osteoarthritis or crystal arthropathies. Self-reported major sources of anxiety are reported in the Figure 1 below.The mean (SD) scores of the PSS-10 and the IES-R were 18.1 ± 8.1 and 29.7 ± 17.5, respectively. With regard to the IES-R subscale scores, the total sample did not show a prominence of one of the three main domains (intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal). Higher PSS scores were significantly associated with younger age (p<0.01), female gender (p<0.01), living outside Lombardy (p=0.03), presence of overweight/obesity (p=0.01), ongoing psychopharmacotherapy (p<0.01), and anxiety for loss of incomes (p<0.01). Female gender (p<0.01) and living outside Lombardy (p=0.02) were associated also with higher IES-R scores, together with the presence of intestinal diseases (p=0.03), anxiety disorders (p<0.01), and worries about health (p<0.01).Conclusion:This nationwide study revealed a high impact of self-reported distress, anxiety, and perceived stress among rheumatic patients after confinement during COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Different factors were found to be predictive of poor mental health such as having female gender, younger age, living outside Lombardy, having overweight/obesity, or intestinal diseases, having a history of psychiatric symptoms (e.g. anxiety). Moreover, the lockdown experience worsened psychiatric symptoms and increased the assumption of psychopharmacotherapy in this vulnerable population. Prevention strategies focused on specific variables should be implemented to ameliorate psychological well-being of fragile patients during pandemics.References:[1]Brooks SK, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395:912-20Acknowledgements:We wish to thank the Lombard Association of Rheumatic Diseases (ALOMAR) for its invaluable contribution to the planning and dissemination the survey, all the Italian associations among which the National Association of People with Rheumatic and Rare Diseases (APMARR) and National Association of People with Rheumatic Diseases (ANMAR) that disseminated the survey through social media. The authors are grateful to all patients for contributing to this project.Disclosure of Interests:Francesca Ingegnoli: None declared, Massimiliano Buoli: None declared, Cristina Posio: None declared, Raffaele Di Taranto: None declared, Alessandro Lo Muscio: None declared, Enrico Cumbo: None declared, Silvia Ostuzzi: None declared, Roberto Caporali Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Celltrion, Galapagos, Gilead, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, UCB, Sanofi, Fresenius Kabi, Samsung bioepis, MSD, Consultant of: Galapagos, Gilead, Lilly,Janssen, MSD.

scholarly journals The impact of mental health and substance use issues on COVID-19 vaccine readiness: a cross sectional community-based survey in Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamna Mehra ◽  
Roula Markoulakis ◽  
Sugy Kodeeswaran ◽  
Donald A. Redelmeier ◽  
Mark Sinyor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 vaccines have been approved for use in Canada since December 2020. However, data about factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and the impact of mental health and/or substance use (MHSU) issues on vaccine uptake are currently not available. The goal of this study was to explore factors, particularly MHSU factors, that impact COVID-19 vaccination intentions in Ontario, Canada.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional survey with recruitment based on age, gender, and geographical location (to ensure a representative population of Ontario), was conducted in February 2021. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination status and plans and sociodemographic background, social support, anxiety about contracting COVID-19, and MHSU concerns.ResultsOf the total sample of 2528 respondents, 1932 (76.4%) were vaccine ready, 381 (15.1%) were hesitant, and 181 (7.1%) were resistant. Significant independent predictors of vaccine hesitancy compared with vaccine readiness included younger age (OR=2.11, 95%CI=1.62-2.74), female gender (OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.06-1.74), Black ethnicity (OR=2.11, 95%CI=1.19-3.75), lower education (OR=1.69, 95%CI=1.30-2.20), lower SES status (OR=.88, 95%CI=.84-.93), lower anxiety about self or someone close contracting COVID-19 (OR=2.06, 95%CI=1.50-2.82), and lower depression score (OR=.90, 95%CI=.82-.98). Significant independent predictors of vaccine resistance compared with readiness included younger age (OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.19-2.50), female gender (OR=1.57, 95%CI=1.10-2.24), being married (OR=1.50, 95%CI=1.04-2.16), lower SES (OR=.80, 95%CI=.74-.86), lower satisfaction with social support (OR=.78, 95%CI=.70-.88), lower anxiety about contracting COVID-19 (OR=7.51, 95%CI=5.18-10.91), and lower depression score (OR=.85, 95%CI=.76-.96).InterpretationCOVID-19 vaccination intention is affected by sociodemographic factors, anxiety about contracting COVID-19, and select mental health issues.

scholarly journals Mental Health, Partnerships, and Sexual Behavior of German Students After the Third Wave During the Corona Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Supke ◽  
Prof. Dr. Kurt Hahlweg ◽  
Krenare Kelani ◽  
Prof. Dr. Beate Muschalla ◽  
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Third ◽  
Health Partnerships ◽  
Symptom Load

Abstract Background. The corona pandemic has drastically changed students' lives and increased their perceived stress. At the end of winter and in spring 2021, Germany experienced the third wave of the pandemic. This study aims to examine the state of students’ mental health after the third wave as well as partnerships and sex life during the pandemic. Methods. In June and July 2021, 928 students (mean age: 23.6; 63.5% females) from four universities in Germany completed an online survey. The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were used to assess mood problems and worrying. Results. Our results show that 56.4% were above the cut-off value for clinically relevant mood problems, 35.7% for worrying and 33.4% were above both cut-off values simultaneously (≥10). The female gender, higher study stress, low financial resources, higher strain due to corona and more loneliness were associated with severe symptoms, whereas higher life satisfaction, more sleep, and psychological/psychiatric treatment were related to better mental health. Students who started studying in the pandemic showed slightly more mood problems than longer enrolled students. The vast majority (89.3%) of all students were happy with their current relationship. While half of the students noted no change in their relationship, a quarter each reported improvement or deterioration. Every third single student has had less sex and in every fifth partnership it came to more sex during the pandemic. Conclusion: Students´ mental health seems to be worse compared to pre-pandemic data and also compared to the first wave data, especially concerning mood problems (depressive symptoms). Women are significantly more burdened than men. It should be further investigated whether rates of symptom load will be lower again when universities reopen and study life becomes normal.

scholarly journals Mental Health and Economic Concerns from March to May during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zajacova ◽  
Anthony Jehn ◽  
Matthew Stackhouse ◽  
Kate H. Choi ◽  
Patrick Denice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Fair Poor

Background The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the psychological wellbeing of populations worldwide. In this study, we assess changes in mental health during the early months of the pandemic in Canada and examine its relationship with another prominent problem during this time, economic concerns. MethodsAnalyses were based on two nationally representative cross-sectional surveys from the Canadian Perspectives Survey Series (N=4,627 in March and 4,600 in May). We described the changes in mental health and economic concerns between March and May, and assessed the relationship between the two characteristics.ResultsMental health declined significantly during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: the proportion of Canadian adults who reported only good/fair/poor mental health grew from 46% to 52% from March to May. Economic concerns including food insecurity were an important correlate of ‘bad’ mental health, as was younger age, female gender, and Canada-born status. Contrary to expectations, however, economic concerns lessened during this time frame. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that policies to mitigate economic stress, such as Canada’s Emergency Response Benefit, may have eased mental health deterioration in early pandemic months through a reduction in financial hardship. Interventions to increase the economic security of the population will have far-reaching consequences in terms of improved mental health, and should be continued throughout the pandemic.

Dispositional Hardiness and Women's Well-Being Relating to Gender Discrimination: the Role of Minimization

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindi D. Foster ◽  
Kenneth L. Dion
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Mental Health Benefits

Three studies examined whether personality-based hardiness would be associated with mental health benefits in contexts of gender discrimination. Hardy women encountering both a laboratory simulation and a hypothetical scenario of discrimination showed greater self-esteem and less negative affect than low hardy women. However, these benefits were mediated by the use of specific attributions, suggesting that well-being in hardy women may have been achieved through minimizing the pervasiveness of discrimination. The third study showed this mediation pattern occurred only for participants exposed to higher threat scenarios versus lower threat scenarios of discrimination. Thus, minimizing the pervasiveness of discrimination may have been a threat-reducing tool for high hardy women. Bandura's (1997) self-efficacy theory was used as a possible explanation for this finding.

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