scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm producing clinical coagulase negative staphylococci from Nepal and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita Manandhar ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Ajit Varma ◽  
Shanti Pandey ◽  
Neeraj Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Culture Plate ◽  
Tissue Culture Plate

Abstract Background Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) survive as commensals of skin, anterior nares and external canals of human and were regarded as non-infectious pathogens. However, they are emerging as a major cause of nosocomial infectious due to their ability to form biofilms and high resistance to several classes of antibiotics. This study examines the biofilm forming abilities of 214 clinical CNS isolates using phenotypic and genotypic methods, and determines their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods A total of 214 clinical isolates collected from different clinical samples were identified as CNS and their antibiotic susceptibility determined by CLSI guidelines. The biofilm forming ability of all isolates was determined by three phenotypic methods; Congo red agar (CRA) method, tube adherence method (TM) and tissue culture plate (TCP) method and by genotypic method for the detection of icaAD genes. Results Among all the isolates, S. epidermidis (57.5%) was found the most frequently, followed by S. saprophyticus (18.7%), S. haemolyticus (11.2%), S. hominis (7%), and S. capitis (5.6%). Antibiotic susceptibility pattern demonstrated 91.6% isolates were resistant to penicillin and 66.8% to cefoxitin while 91.1% isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol. Constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistant phenotype as measured by D-test was seen among 28% and 14.5% of isolates respectively. Tissue culture plate method detected biofilm production in 42.1% isolate followed by 31.8% through tube method while 20.1% isolates were found to produce slime in Congo red agar method. The genotypic assay revealed presence of icaA and icaD genes in 19.2% isolates. Conclusion The study shows a high prevalence of biofilm formation and inducible clindamycin resistance in CNS isolates, indicating the importance of in-vitro biofilm production test and D-test in routine laboratory diagnostics. Implementation of efficient diagnostic techniques for detection of biofilm production in clinical samples can help manage staphylococcal infections and minimize risks of treatment failures in hospitals.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella species isolated from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital Coimbatore

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4886
Author(s):  
Vijayashree V. ◽  
Saikeerthana D. ◽  
Prabha P.
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: The genus Klebsiella of Enterobacteriaceae family is ubiquitous in nature. They cause many nosocomial infections like pneumonia, urinary tract infections, wound infections, bacteremia and septicemia. Multidrug resistance is seen in Klebsiella which serves as the most common cause of increased morbidity and mortality. This study reveals the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella species from various clinical samples. The primary objectives are as follows: To isolate and characterize Klebsiella species from various clinical samples. To study the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella isolates.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in our tertiary care hospital during the period from August 2019 to October 2019. A total of 3521 samples were tested during this period. The samples include blood, sputum, urine, and pus.Results: Out of the total samples tested,1106 samples were showing the growth of the organisms. Among this,351 were identified as Klebsiella species and the highest rate of isolation of Klebsiella species is from the sputum sample and also the same was reported high in medical wards. The study also shows that the isolation of Klebsiella species shows male preponderance when compared to females. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern was done by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method and the sensitivity was noted to be higher to amikacin and ciprofloxacin.Conclusions: Thus, this study shows the prevalence rate of Klebsiella species and sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella, which may help select appropriate antibiotics and prevent overuse and misuse of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Beta-Lactamases Production in Multi-drug Resistant Acinetobacter species Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Mary Neupane ◽  
Sudeep K.C. ◽  
Subash Kumar Thakur ◽  
Om Prakash Panta ◽  
Dev Raj Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Acinetobacter spp. from different clinical specimens and detect different types of β-lactamase enzymes. Methods: Different clinical samples were collected and 125 Acinetobacter spp. were isolated.  Various biochemical tests were carried out to speciate the Acinetobacter spp. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern and β-lactamase enzymes like Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), Metallo β-lactamase (MBL) and AmpC β-lactamase were determined. Results: Of the total 125 isolates, the most predominant species was Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (Acb) complex (80%). Highest rate of isolation of Acinetobacter species were from in-patients (neonates’ blood sample).  Among all, 44.8% isolates were found to be MDR with the majority being resistant to aminoglycosides, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones but not to colistin. ESBL, MBL and AmpC beta-lactamase was detected in 43.2%, 15.2% and 1.6% of the isolates respectively. Conclusion: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex should be considered for detection in hospitalized patients. The analysis of antibiotic susceptibility pattern and β-lactamases would be helpful to establish network surveillance in order to maintain and control the spread of these resistant strains.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance profiles of biofilm-forming bacteria associated with urine and urinary catheters in a tertiary hospital in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Michael O. Osungunna ◽  
Grace O. Onawunmi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Culture Plate ◽  
Tissue Culture Plate ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Background: Microorganisms that infect humans differ in pathogenesis, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance profiles. In natural settings, bacterial cells are most often found in close association with surfaces and interfaces, in the form of multicellular aggregates commonly called biofilms. Given their ubiquity and importance in the microbial world, it is hardly surprising that biofilms have attracted the attention of the scientific community. Biofilm formation on medical implant devices such as catheters is also a major problem that is closely tied to the adhesion and resistance-related abilities of the biofilm.Methodology: The ability of 216 bacterial isolates from mid-stream urine (100), catheter-stream urine (52) and catheter tips (64) to form biofilms was investigated using the tissue culture plate method, the tube and Congo red agar methods as well as their antibiotic resistance profiles using the agar disc diffusion method.Results: These revealed that Klebsiella spp. was the predominant bacterial genera accounting for 45.8% of the total isolates. A total of 50 isolates were biofilm-formers with 22% identified by the tissue culture plate method and 78% identified by the Congo red agar method. Klebsiella spp. had the highest ability to form biofilm while antibiotic resistance profiles showed all the biofilmformers to be multiply antibiotic resistant with least resistance to ofloxacin.Conclusion: It can therefore be concluded that some bacterial isolates associated with urinary tract infections have a propensity to form biofilm, thereby becoming multiply antibiotic resistant, and ofloxacin remains the antibiotic of choice in the treatment of such infections.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Metode Skrining Biofilm Enterococcus faecalis Isolat Klinik Kateter Urin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wani Devita Gunardi ◽  
Mohamad Yanuar Prasetyo Nugroho ◽  
Elisabeth D. Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
National Healthcare ◽  
National Healthcare Safety Network ◽  
Culture Plate ◽  
Tissue Culture Plate

Laporan National Healthcare Safety Network dari tahun 2006 - 2008, menunjukan penyebab paling umum kedua infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) terkait kateter adalah genus Enterococcus setelah Eschericia coli. Pada infeksi saluran kemih terkait kateter urin, faktor yang berperan penting dalam patogenesis infeksi ini, yaitu: pembentukan biofilm pada kateter urin. Peranan Enterococcus faecalis sebagai penyebab infeksi saluran kemih berkaitan dengan kemampuannya dalam membentuk biofilm. Ada beberapa variasi metode untuk mendeteksi pembentukan biofilm seperti Tissue Culture Plate (TCP), Tube method (TM), dan Congo Red Agar (CRA). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan metode deteksi pembentukan biofilm dari E. faecalis yang tepat, cepat, dan mudah dilakukan. Total tigabelas isolat bakteri E. faecalis yang didapat dari hasil isolasi kultur kateter urin dilakukan uji deteksi pembentukan biofilm dengan metode TCP sebagai baku emas dan CRA sebagai pemeriksaan pembanding. Hasilnya, didapatkan 61,5% dan 69,2% bakteri E. faecalis mampu menghasilkan biofilm menggunakan metode TCP dan CRA. Hasil uji diagnostik metode CRA dibandingkan dengan metode TCP untuk deteksi pembentukan biofilm, didapatkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas dari CRA sebesar 75% dan 40%. CRA merupakan metode yang cepat dan mudah untuk dilakukan, namun memiliki spesifitas yang kurang baik. Hal ini dapat disebabkan pembacaan hasil yang bersifat subjektif dan menimbulkan kesalahan paralaks. Kata kunci : Enterococcus faecalis, Kateter Urin, Biofilm.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility pattern and biofilm formation in coagulase negative staphylococci

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1643-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayemi Oluseun Ayepola ◽  
Nurudeen Ayoade Olasupo ◽  
Louis Osayenum Egwari ◽  
Frieder Schaumburg
Keyword(s):  
Full Text ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

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scholarly journals Biofilm-Formation in Clonally Unrelated Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha M. Alamri ◽  
Afnan A. Alsultan ◽  
Mohammad A. Ansari ◽  
Amani M. Alnimr
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Culture Plate ◽  
Tissue Culture Plate

This study analyzed the genotype, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii strains and assessed the correlation between biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm-related risk factors. A total of 207 non-replicate multi-drug-resistant A. baumannii strains were prospectively isolated. Phenotypic identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were carried out. Isolate biofilm formation ability was evaluated using the tissue culture plate (TCP), Congo red agar, and tube methods. Clonal relatedness between the strains was assessed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR genotyping. Of the 207 isolates, 52.5% originated from an intensive care unit setting, and pan resistance was observed against ceftazidime and cefepime, with elevated resistance (99–94%) to piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. alongside high susceptibility to tigecycline (97.8%). The Tissue culture plate, Tube method, and Congo red agar methods revealed that 53.6%, 20.8%, and 2.7% of the strains were strong biofilm producers, respectively, while a significant correlation was observed between biofilm formation and device-originating respiratory isolates (p = 0.0009) and between biofilm formation in colonized vs. true infection isolates (p = 0.0001). No correlation was detected between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation capacity, and the majority of isolates were clonally unrelated. These findings highlight the urgent need for implementing strict infection control measures in clinical settings.

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