scholarly journals Distribution of polymeric nanoparticles in the eye: implications in ocular disease therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Swetledge ◽  
Jangwook P. Jung ◽  
Renee Carter ◽  
Cristina Sabliov
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Stability ◽  
Administration Route ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Ocular Penetration ◽  
Disease Therapy ◽  
Tissue Targeting ◽  
Administration Method ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Specific Tissue

Abstract Advantages of polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery systems include controlled release, enhanced drug stability and bioavailability, and specific tissue targeting. Nanoparticle properties such as hydrophobicity, size, and charge, mucoadhesion, and surface ligands, as well as administration route and suspension media affect their ability to overcome ocular barriers and distribute in the eye, and must be carefully designed for specific target tissues and ocular diseases. This review seeks to discuss the available literature on the biodistribution of polymeric nanoparticles and discuss the effects of nanoparticle composition and administration method on their ocular penetration, distribution, elimination, toxicity, and efficacy, with potential impact on clinical applications.

Design and Delivery of Therapeutic siRNAs: Application to MERS-Coronavirus

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Sartaj Sohrab ◽  
Sherif Aly El-Kafrawy ◽  
Zeenat Mirza ◽  
Mohammad Amjad Kamal ◽  
Esam Ibraheem Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Disease Therapy ◽  
Target Sites

Background: The MERS-CoV is a novel human coronavirus causing respiratory syndrome since April 2012. The replication of MERS-CoV is mediated by ORF 1ab and viral gene activity can be modulated by RNAi approach. The inhibition of virus replication has been documented in cell culture against multiple viruses by RNAi approach. Currently, very few siRNA against MERS-CoV have been computationally designed and published. Methods: In this review, we have discussed the computational designing and delivery of potential siRNAs. Potential siRNA can be designed to silence a desired gene by considering many factors like target site, specificity, length and nucleotide content of siRNA, removal of potential off-target sites, toxicity and immunogenic responses. The efficient delivery of siRNAs into targeted cells faces many challenges like enzymatic degradation and quick clearance through renal system. The siRNA can be delivered using transfection, electroporation and viral gene transfer. Currently, siRNAs delivery has been improved by using advanced nanotechnology like lipid nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles and polymeric nanoparticles. Conclusion: The efficacy of siRNA-based therapeutics has been used not only against many viral diseases but also against non-viral diseases, cancer, dominant genetic disorders, and autoimmune disease. This innovative technology has attracted researchers, academia and pharmaceuticals industries towards designing and development of highly effective and targeted disease therapy. By using this technology, effective and potential siRNAs can be designed, delivered and their efficacy with toxic effects and immunogenic responses can be tested against MERS-CoV.

Positively charged polymeric nanoparticles improve ocular penetration of tacrolimus after topical administration

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 101912
Author(s):  
Brenda Fernanda Moreira Castro ◽  
Gustavo de Oliveira Fulgêncio ◽  
Luisa Cangussú Domingos ◽  
Oliver Araújo Lacerda Cotta ◽  
Armando Silva-Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Ocular Penetration ◽  
Positively Charged

Brain targeting with polymeric nanoparticles: which administration route should we take?

Nanomedicine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1361-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Tosi ◽  
Barbara Ruozi ◽  
Maria Angela Vandelli
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Brain Targeting ◽  
Administration Route

scholarly journals The Antibiofilm Nanosystems for Improved Infection Inhibition of Microbes in Skin

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6392
Author(s):  
Yin-Ku Lin ◽  
Shih-Chun Yang ◽  
Ching-Yun Hsu ◽  
Jui-Tai Sung ◽  
Jia-You Fang
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Drug Stability ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Infection Inhibition

Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor for the opportunistic microorganisms that elicit skin infections. The recalcitrant feature of biofilms and their antibiotic tolerance impose a great challenge on the use of conventional therapies. Most antibacterial agents have difficulty penetrating the matrix produced by a biofilm. One novel approach to address these concerns is to prevent or inhibit the formation of biofilms using nanoparticles. The advantages of using nanosystems for antibiofilm applications include high drug loading efficiency, sustained or prolonged drug release, increased drug stability, improved bioavailability, close contact with bacteria, and enhanced accumulation or targeting to biomasses. Topically applied nanoparticles can act as a strategy for enhancing antibiotic delivery into the skin. Various types of nanoparticles, including metal oxide nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and lipid-based nanoparticles, have been employed for topical delivery to treat biofilm infections on the skin. Moreover, nanoparticles can be designed to combine with external stimuli to produce magnetic, photothermal, or photodynamic effects to ablate the biofilm matrix. This study focuses on advanced antibiofilm approaches based on nanomedicine for treating skin infections. We provide in-depth descriptions on how the nanoparticles could effectively eliminate biofilms and any pathogens inside them. We then describe cases of using nanoparticles for antibiofilm treatment of the skin. Most of the studies included in this review were supported by in vivo animal infection models. This article offers an overview of the benefits of nanosystems for treating biofilms grown on the skin.

Polymeric nanoparticles of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate: A new formulation for the treatment of ocular diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. e7
Author(s):  
Amanda Cano ◽  
Elena Sánchez-López ◽  
Marta Espina ◽  
M. Antonia Egea ◽  
M. Luisa García
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
New Formulation

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic Delivery of Chitosan-Folate-DNA Nanoparticles in Rats with Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Shi ◽  
Huijie Wang ◽  
Covi Tran ◽  
Xingping Qiu ◽  
Françoise M. Winnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Dna Nanoparticles ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Adjuvant Induced Arthritis ◽  
Tissue Targeting ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hydrodynamic Delivery

50 kDa chitosan was conjugated with folate, a specific tissue-targeting ligand. Nanoparticles such as chitosan-DNA and folate-chitosan-DNA were prepared by coacervation process. The hydrodynamic intravenous injection of nanoparticles was performed in the right posterior paw in normal and arthritic rats. Our results demonstrated that the fluorescence intensity of DsRed detected was 5 to 12 times more in the right soleus muscle and in the right gastro muscle than other tissue sections. β-galactosidase gene expression with X-gal substrate and folate-chitosan-plasmid nanoparticles showed best coloration in the soleus muscle. Treated arthritic animals also showed a significant decrease in paw swelling and IL-1β and PGE2concentration in serum compared to untreated rats. This study demonstrated that a nonviral gene therapeutic approach using hydrodynamic delivery could help transfect more efficiently folate-chitosan-DNA nanoparticlesin vitro/in vivoand could decrease inflammation in arthritic rats.

scholarly journals Genetic Screen in Adult Drosophila Reveals That dCBP Depletion in Glial Cells Mitigates Huntington Disease Pathology through a Foxo-Dependent Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3884
Author(s):  
Elodie Martin ◽  
Raheleh Heidari ◽  
Véronique Monnier ◽  
Hervé Tricoire
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Mutant Huntingtin ◽  
Tissue Targeting ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
In Vivo Screen ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dependent Pathway

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive and fatal autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the first exon of the huntingtin gene (HTT). In spite of considerable efforts, there is currently no treatment to stop or delay the disease. Although HTT is expressed ubiquitously, most of our knowledge has been obtained on neurons. More recently, the impact of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) on other cell types, including glial cells, has received growing interest. It is currently unclear whether new pathological pathways could be identified in these cells compared to neurons. To address this question, we performed an in vivo screen for modifiers of mutant huntingtin (HTT-548-128Q) induced pathology in Drosophila adult glial cells and identified several putative therapeutic targets. Among them, we discovered that partial nej/dCBP depletion in these cells was protective, as revealed by strongly increased lifespan and restored locomotor activity. Thus, dCBP promotes the HD pathology in glial cells, in contrast to previous opposite findings in neurons. Further investigations implicated the transcriptional activator Foxo as a critical downstream player in this glial protective pathway. Our data suggest that combinatorial approaches combined to specific tissue targeting may be required to uncover efficient therapies in HD.

scholarly journals Use of Lidocaine for Pain Management in the Emergency Medicine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Ghojazadeh ◽  
Sarvin Sanaie ◽  
Zahra Parsian ◽  
Roya Najafizadeh ◽  
Hassan Soleimanpour
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Administration Route ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Topical Lidocaine ◽  
Administration Method

Background: Lidocaine is a well-known medium-acting local anesthetic with a short onset time. It is a valuable drug for managing both acute and chronic pains and is being used as a popular agent for pain control in the emergency department (ED). In this systematic review, we intended to define the effectiveness of lidocaine in pain management of the patients referring to ED. Methods: The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement was utilized for this Systematic Review (SR). We searched the databases of PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Medline (Ovid) from 1990 to August 2017 for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) in which the study population was referred to the emergency department and received lidocaine. Full-texts of the studies that were published in English were reviewed for inclusion. Both authors individualistically evaluated all studies. Seven articles were eligible for the meta-analysis based on their common outcomes. Results: The total number of subjects was 671. The studies were categorized based on the type of drug and administration route. Mean pain, regardless of the drug administration method, in the placebo group was 0.69 units higher than the lidocaine group. Considering the administration route, mean pain in the placebo group was 0.35 units higher than the lidocaine group when administered topically, and it was lower in the subcutaneous method than the topical method by 1.41 units. Conclusion: Infiltration of lidocaine decreases pain of different procedures in the ED whereas the effect of topical lidocaine is controversial issue.

scholarly journals Completion of the AAV Structural Atlas: Serotype Capsid Structures Reveals Clade-Specific Features

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Mario Mietzsch ◽  
Ariana Jose ◽  
Paul Chipman ◽  
Nilakshee Bhattacharya ◽  
Nadia Daneshparvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Binding Pocket ◽  
Transduction Efficiency ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Loop Conformations ◽  
Tissue Targeting ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Specific Tissue

The capsid structures of most Adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes, already assigned to an antigenic clade, have been previously determined. This study reports the remaining capsid structures of AAV7, AAV11, AAV12, and AAV13 determined by cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction to 2.96, 2.86, 2.54, and 2.76 Å resolution, respectively. These structures complete the structural atlas of the AAV serotype capsids. AAV7 represents the first clade D capsid structure; AAV11 and AAV12 are of a currently unassigned clade that would include AAV4; and AAV13 represents the first AAV2-AAV3 hybrid clade C capsid structure. These newly determined capsid structures all exhibit the AAV capsid features including 5-fold channels, 3-fold protrusions, 2-fold depressions, and a nucleotide binding pocket with an ordered nucleotide in genome-containing capsids. However, these structures have viral proteins that display clade-specific loop conformations. This structural characterization completes our three-dimensional library of the current AAV serotypes to provide an atlas of surface loop configurations compatible with capsid assembly and amenable for future vector engineering efforts. Derived vectors could improve gene delivery success with respect to specific tissue targeting, transduction efficiency, antigenicity or receptor retargeting.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document