scholarly journals Construction of nanomaterials as contrast agents or probes for glioma imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Xiangrong Yu ◽  
Shaojun Peng ◽  
Yu Luo ◽  
Jingchao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Performance ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Accurate Imaging

AbstractMalignant glioma remains incurable largely due to the aggressive and infiltrative nature, as well as the existence of blood–brain-barrier (BBB). Precise diagnosis of glioma, which aims to accurately delineate the tumor boundary for guiding surgical resection and provide reliable feedback of the therapeutic outcomes, is the critical step for successful treatment. Numerous imaging modalities have been developed for the efficient diagnosis of tumors from structural or functional aspects. However, the presence of BBB largely hampers the entrance of contrast agents (Cas) or probes into the brain, rendering the imaging performance highly compromised. The development of nanomaterials provides promising strategies for constructing nano-sized Cas or probes for accurate imaging of glioma owing to the BBB crossing ability and other unique advantages of nanomaterials, such as high loading capacity and stimuli-responsive properties. In this review, the recent progress of nanomaterials applied in single modal imaging modality and multimodal imaging for a comprehensive diagnosis is thoroughly summarized. Finally, the prospects and challenges are offered with the hope for its better development.

“Where is Dementia?” A Systematic Literature Review Exploring Neuroanatomical Aspects of Dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 9-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chorong Oh ◽  
Leonard LaPointe
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Language Literature

Dementia is a condition caused by and associated with separate physical changes in the brain. The signs and symptoms of dementia are very similar across the diverse types, and it is difficult to diagnose the category by behavioral symptoms alone. Diagnostic criteria have relied on a constellation of signs and symptoms, but it is critical to understand the neuroanatomical differences among the dementias for a more precise diagnosis and subsequent management. With this regard, this review aims to explore the neuroanatomical aspects of dementia to better understand the nature of distinctive subtypes, signs, and symptoms. This is a review of English language literature published from 1996 to the present day of peer-reviewed academic and medical journal articles that report on older people with dementia. This review examines typical neuroanatomical aspects of dementia and reinforces the importance of a thorough understanding of the neuroanatomical characteristics of the different types of dementia and the differential diagnosis of them.

scholarly journals Drug Delivery by Ultrasound-Responsive Nanocarriers for Cancer Treatment

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Kristin Entzian ◽  
Achim Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Safety Considerations

Conventional cancer chemotherapies often exhibit insufficient therapeutic outcomes and dose-limiting toxicity. Therefore, there is a need for novel therapeutics and formulations with higher efficacy, improved safety, and more favorable toxicological profiles. This has promoted the development of nanomedicines, including systems for drug delivery, but also for imaging and diagnostics. Nanoparticles loaded with drugs can be designed to overcome several biological barriers to improving efficiency and reducing toxicity. In addition, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers are able to release their payload on demand at the tumor tissue site, preventing premature drug loss. This review focuses on ultrasound-triggered drug delivery by nanocarriers as a versatile, cost-efficient, non-invasive technique for improving tissue specificity and tissue penetration, and for achieving high drug concentrations at their intended site of action. It highlights aspects relevant for ultrasound-mediated drug delivery, including ultrasound parameters and resulting biological effects. Then, concepts in ultrasound-mediated drug delivery are introduced and a comprehensive overview of several types of nanoparticles used for this purpose is given. This includes an in-depth compilation of the literature on the various in vivo ultrasound-responsive drug delivery systems. Finally, toxicological and safety considerations regarding ultrasound-mediated drug delivery with nanocarriers are discussed.

Teeth Impaction and Structural Teeth Anomalies

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (05) ◽  
pp. 523-534
Author(s):  
Danisia Haba ◽  
Yllka Decolli ◽  
Emilia Marciuc ◽  
Ana Elena Sîrghe
Keyword(s):  
Root Resorption ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cleidocranial Dysplasia ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Marginal Bone Loss ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
External Root Resorption ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Characteristic Features

AbstractDentists and oral and maxillofacial radiologists have used periapical, occlusal, panoramic, and cephalometric radiographs for many years for diagnosing dental anomalies, especially before orthodontic or surgical treatment. Cone beam computed tomography was developed in recent years especially for the dental and maxillofacial region. Thus it has become the imaging modality of choice for many clinical situations, such as the assessment of dental impaction and structural teeth anomalies or other associated diseases and disorders (e.g., Gardner's syndrome, cleidocranial dysplasia). This article reviews different aspects of dental impaction and its possible effects on adjacent structures such as external root resorption, marginal bone loss, as well as describing structural dental anomalies. It provides a systematic analysis of their characteristic features and imaging findings for general radiologists to achieve a precise diagnosis and an optimal interpretation.

scholarly journals Recent development of nanoparticles for molecular imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2107) ◽  
pp. 20170022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonghoon Kim ◽  
Nohyun Lee ◽  
Taeghwan Hyeon
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases

Molecular imaging enables us to non-invasively visualize cellular functions and biological processes in living subjects, allowing accurate diagnosis of diseases at early stages. For successful molecular imaging, a suitable contrast agent with high sensitivity is required. To date, various nanoparticles have been developed as contrast agents for medical imaging modalities. In comparison with conventional probes, nanoparticles offer several advantages, including controllable physical properties, facile surface modification and long circulation time. In addition, they can be integrated with various combinations for multimodal imaging and therapy. In this opinion piece, we highlight recent advances and future perspectives of nanomaterials for molecular imaging. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Challenges for chemistry in molecular imaging’.

Nanoparticles speckled by ready-to-conjugate lanthanide complexes for multimodal imaging

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (36) ◽  
pp. 14829-14837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasudevanpillai Biju ◽  
Morihiko Hamada ◽  
Kenji Ono ◽  
Sakiko Sugino ◽  
Takashi Ohnishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Lanthanide Complexes ◽  
Biomedical Imaging

Multimodal and multifunctional contrast agents receive enormous attention in the biomedical imaging field.

scholarly journals Air-Filled Microbubbles Based on Albumin Functionalized with Gold Nanocages and Zinc Phthalocyanine for Multimodal Imaging

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Elizaveta A. Maksimova ◽  
Roman A. Barmin ◽  
Polina G. Rudakovskaya ◽  
Olga A. Sindeeva ◽  
Ekaterina S. Prikhozhdenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Zinc Phthalocyanine ◽  
Fluorescence Tomography ◽  
Raster Scanning ◽  
Air Core ◽  
Gold Nanocages ◽  
Potential Use

Microbubbles are intravascular contrast agents clinically used in diagnostic sonography, echocardiography, and radiology imaging applications. However, up to date, the idea of creating microbubbles with multiple functionalities (e.g., multimodal imaging, photodynamic therapy) remained a challenge. One possible solution is the modification of bubble shells by introducing specific compounds responsible for such functions. In the present work, air-core microbubbles with the shell consisting of bovine serum albumin, albumin-coated gold nanocages, and zinc phthalocyanine were prepared using the sonication method. Various physicochemical parameters such as stability over time, size, and concentration were investigated to prove the potential use of these microbubbles as contrast agents. This work shows that hybrid microbubbles have all the necessary properties for multimodal imaging (ultrasound, raster-scanning microscopy, and fluorescence tomography), which demonstrate superior characteristics for potential theranostic and related biomedical applications.

Anatomy of the Brain

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Learning Behavior ◽  
Broad Area ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Sensorimotor Systems ◽  
Associated Function ◽  
The Brain

Neuroanatomy is a specific branch within neuroscience that deals with brain anatomy. Its broad area includes the brain structure, organization, and localization/networks of the nervous system. It also helps in understanding the sensorimotor systems, along with associated function like learning, behavior, vision, attention, language, and so on. In the present chapter, the author comprehensively discussed the brain basic morphology, architecture, and also some functional aspects of the brain. At the end of this chapter, the author included the tool and techniques used in the study of brain anatomy so that student can learn and understand the topic clearly.

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