scholarly journals Correction to: How to measure premature mortality? A proposal combining “relative” and “absolute” approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Mazzuco ◽  
Marc Suhrcke ◽  
Lucia Zanotto
Keyword(s):  
Premature Mortality

Methodological Alternatives for Measuring Premature Mortality

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Wise ◽  
John R. Livengood ◽  
Ruth L. Berkelman ◽  
Richard A. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Premature Mortality

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in never treated mood disordered patientss

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Valerie Taylor ◽  
Glenda M. MacQueen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Bipolar disorder and major depression are life-shortening illnesses. Unnatural causes such as suicide and accidents account for only a portion of this premature mortality1 Research is beginning to identify that mood disordered patients have a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome, an illness characterized by dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension and obesity.2 Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk for a variety of physical illnesses. Hypothesis: Never treated patients with mood disorders have preexisting elevations in the prevalence of the component variables of metabolic syndrome. Central obesity will be especially elevated, predicting increased premature mortality. Methods: We assessed never treated patients with mood disorders for metabolic syndrome and its component variables. Patients were assessed at baseline and followed up at 6-month intervals. All psychiatric pharmacotherapy was documented. Body mass index (BMI) was also obtained and the percentage of deaths attributable to overweight and obesity was calculated using the population attributable risk (PAR). [PAR= ∑[P (RR-1)/RR] Results: Prior to the initiation of treatment, patients did not differ from population norms with respect to metabolic syndrome or BMI. At 2-year follow-up, BMI had increased for unipolar patients 2.02 points and 1.92 points for bipolar patients. (p < .001) This increase in BMI predicted an increase in mortality of 19.4%. Conclusion: An increase in visceral obesity is often the first component of metabolic syndrome to appear and may indicate the initiation of this disease process prematurely in this group. The increase in BMI places patients with mood disorders at risk for premature mortality and indicates a need for early intervention. References 1.Osby U, Brandt L, Correia N, Ekbom A & Sparen P. Excess mortability in bipolar and Unipolar disorder rin Sweden. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2001;58: 844-850 2.Toalson P, Saeeduddin A, Hardy T & Kabinoff G. The metabolic syndrome in patients with severe mental illness. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2004; 6(4): 152-158

Hallazgos oftalmológicos en enfermedad de Fabry: relación de su severidad en una familia mexicana

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Araceli Borja Borja ◽  
Gabriela Salas Pérez ◽  
Pablo Radillo Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Enzyme Replacement ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Cornea Verticillata ◽  
Gla Gene

Introduction. Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disorder associated with multiple organ dysfunction which eventually leads to high morbidity and premature mortality. Ophthalmologic findings in FD are very common and have been described extensively. We describe the ophthalmologic findings of a family diagnosed with FD at Hospital de Especialidades de Puebla and establish their relationship with other phenotypic findings. Cases Presentation. A renal, cardiac, audiological, neurological, and ophthalmologic evaluation was carried out. The disease was confirmed by GLA gene sequencing. The ophthalmologic assessment was focused on the changes described in the literature, as well as the search for other anomalies possibly related to the disease. All the patients had the c.260delA (P.Glu87Glyfs*34) mutation in the GLA gene. The main ophthalmologic finding in our patients was cornea verticillata (in 100 % of the female patients). Other ophthalmologic manifestations were dry eye, retinal vessel tortuosity, ametropia, chromatic vision disorders, ocular annexes, eyelids, and conjuntiva disorders. Conclusions. Most of the assessed patients showed ophthalmologic changes, consistent with the results described in the literature. A remarkable finding in the sample was the high incidence of changes in women, in whom one would not expect the disease to be as severe because they are heterozygous. Ophthalmologic abnormalities in FD require deeper evaluation to establish their possible use as markers of disease progression and/or enzyme replacement therapy initiation due to the benefit of the non-invasive nature of ophthalmologic evaluations.

Epidemiology of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo ◽  
Jose Lopez-Lopez ◽  
Daniel Cohen ◽  
Natalia Alarcon-Ariza ◽  
Margarita Mogollon-Zehr
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Control

: Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are two important risk factors that contribute to cardiovascular diseases worldwide. In Latin America hypertension prevalence varies from 30 to 50%. Moreover, the proportion of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension is very low. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus varies from 8 to 13% and near to 40% are unaware of their condition. In addition, the prevalence of prediabetes varies from 6 to 14% and this condition has been also associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The principal factors linked to a higher risk of hypertension in Latin America are increased adiposity, low muscle strength, unhealthy diet, low physical activity and low education. Besides being chronic conditions, leading causes of cardiovascular mortality, both hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus represent a substantial cost for the weak health systems of Latin American countries. Therefore, is necessary to implement and reinforce public health programs to improve awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in order to reach the mandate of the Unit Nations of decrease the premature mortality for CVD.

Novel Machine-Learned Approach for COVID-19 Resource Allocation: A Tool for Evaluating Community Susceptibility (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Kale
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Heart Attacks ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
The People ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

BACKGROUND Despite worldwide efforts to develop an effective COVID vaccine, it is quite evident that initial supplies will be limited. Therefore, it is important to develop methods that will ensure that the COVID vaccine is allocated to the people who are at major risk until there is a sufficient global supply. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a machine-learning tool that could be applied to assess the risk in Massachusetts towns based on community-wide social, medical, and lifestyle risk factors. METHODS I compiled Massachusetts town data for 29 potential risk factors, such as the prevalence of preexisting comorbid conditions like COPD and social factors such as racial composition, and implemented logistic regression to predict the amount of COVID cases in each town. RESULTS Of the 29 factors, 14 were found to be significant (p < 0.1) indicators: poverty, food insecurity, lack of high school education, lack of health insurance coverage, premature mortality, population, population density, recent population growth, Asian percentage, high-occupancy housing, and preexisting prevalence of cancer, COPD, overweightness, and heart attacks. The machine-learning approach is 80% accurate in the state of Massachusetts and finds the 9 highest risk communities: Lynn, Brockton, Revere, Randolph, Lowell, New Bedford, Everett, Waltham, and Fitchburg. The 5 most at-risk counties are Suffolk, Middlesex, Bristol, Norfolk, and Plymouth. CONCLUSIONS With appropriate data, the tool could evaluate risk in other communities, or even enumerate individual patient susceptibility. A ranking of communities by risk may help policymakers ensure equitable allocation of limited doses of the COVID vaccine.

Health inequalities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan P. Mackenbach
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
State Reform ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
National Governments

‘Health inequalities—persistence and change in European welfare states’ studies why frequencies of disease, disability, and premature mortality are higher among people with a lower socioeconomic position, even in countries with advanced welfare states. Drawing upon data from 30 countries covering more than three decades, it provides a comprehensive overview of trends and patterns of health inequalities, showing that these are not only ubiquitous and persistent, but also highly variable and dynamic. It provides a critical assessment of recent research into the explanation of health inequalities, discussing methodological pitfalls, summarizing findings from epidemiological, sociological, economic, and genetic studies, and reviewing nine overarching theories. Based on in-depth studies of the determinants of health inequalities in European countries, it shows that the persistence of health inequalities is due to a combination of mostly favourable changes in social stratification, massive but differential health improvements, and persistence of social inequality in material and non-material living conditions. It discusses why social inequality is so persistent, and whether welfare state reform could contribute to reducing health inequalities, and provides a systematic analysis of the inequitableness of health inequalities according to five theories of justice. It reviews recent attempts by European national governments to reduce health inequalities, showing that it is realistic to expect evidence-based policies to reduce absolute but not relative inequalities in health. This title is written for scientists and advanced students from various disciplines, as well as for public health professionals and policymakers, and is profusely illustrated and referenced.

scholarly journals Health Consequences of an Elite Sporting Career: Long-Term Detriment or Long-Term Gain? A Meta-Analysis of 165,000 Former Athletes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Runacres ◽  
Kelly A. Mackintosh ◽  
Melitta A. McNarry
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Former Elite Athletes

Abstract Introduction Exercise is widely accepted to improve health, reducing the risk of premature mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. However, several epidemiological studies suggest that the exercise-longevity relationship may be ‘J’ shaped; with elite athlete’s likely training above these intensity and volume thresholds. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to examine this relationship in former elite athletes. Methods 38,047 English language articles were retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed and SportDiscus databases published after 1970, of which 44 and 24 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Athletes were split into three groups depending on primary sport: Endurance (END), Mixed/Team, or power (POW). Standard mortality ratio’s (SMR) and standard proportionate mortality ratio (SPMR) were obtained, or calculated, and combined for the meta-analysis. Results Athletes lived significantly longer than the general population (male SMR 0.69 [95% CI 0.61–0.78]; female SMR 0.51 [95% CI 0.40–0.65]; both p < 0.01). There was no survival benefit for male POW athletes compared to the general population (SMR 1.04 [95% CI 0.91–1.12]). Although male athlete’s CVD (SMR 0.73 [95% CI 0.62–0.85]) and cancer mortality (SMR 0.75 [95% CI 0.63–0.89]), were significantly reduced compared to the general population, there was no risk-reduction for POW athletes CVD mortality (SMR 1.10 [0.86–1.40]) or END athletes cancer mortality (SMR 0.73 [0.50–1.07]). There was insufficient data to calculate female sport-specific SMR’s. Discussion Overall, athletes live longer and have a reduced incidence of both CVD and cancer mortality compared to the general population, refuting the ‘J’ shape hypothesis. However, different health risks may be apparent according to sports classification, and between sexes, warranting further investigation. Trial registration PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42019130688).

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