Importance of characterising sleep breaks within the 24-h movement behaviour framework

AbstractAccelerometers measure the acceleration of the body part they are attached and allow to estimate time spent in activity levels (sedentary behaviour, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) and sleep over a 24-h period for several consecutive days. These advantages come with the challenges to analyse the large amount of data while integrating dimensions of both physical activity/sedentary behaviour and sleep domains. This commentary raises the questions of 1) how to classify sleep breaks (i.e. wake after sleep onset) during the night within the 24-h movement behaviour framework and 2) how to assess their impact on health while also accounting for night time sleep duration and time in sedentary behaviour and physical activity during the day. The authors advocate for future collaborations between researchers from the physical activity/sedentary behaviour and sleep research fields to ensure appropriate analysis and interpretation of the tremendous amount of data recorded by the newer generation accelerometers. This is the only way forward to provide meaningfully accurate evidence to inform future 24-h movement behaviour guidelines.

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Association of daily composition of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with incidence of cardiovascular disease in older adults

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s12966-021-01157-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Manasa S. Yerramalla ◽

Duncan E. McGregor ◽

Vincent T. van Hees ◽

Aurore Fayosse ◽

Aline Dugravot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Movement Behaviour ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Daily Movement ◽

Intensity Physical Activity ◽

Current Duration

Abstract Background Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is proposed as key for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevention. At older ages, the role of sedentary behaviour (SB) and light intensity physical activity (LIPA) remains unclear. Evidence so far is based on studies examining movement behaviours as independent entities ignoring their co-dependency. This study examines the association between daily composition of objectively-assessed movement behaviours (MVPA, LIPA, SB) and incident CVD in older adults. Methods Whitehall II accelerometer sub-study participants free of CVD at baseline (N = 3319, 26.7% women, mean age = 68.9 years in 2012–2013) wore a wrist-accelerometer from which times in SB, LIPA, and MVPA during waking period were extracted over 7 days. Compositional Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for incident CVD for daily compositions of movement behaviours characterized by 10 (20 or 30) minutes greater duration in one movement behaviour accompanied by decrease in another behaviour, while keeping the third behaviour constant, compared to reference composition. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, cardiometabolic risk factors and multimorbidity index. Results Of the 3319 participants, 299 had an incident CVD over a mean (SD) follow-up of 6.2 (1.3) years. Compared to daily movement behaviour composition with MVPA at recommended 21 min per day (150 min/week), composition with additional 10 min of MVPA and 10 min less SB was associated with smaller risk reduction – 8% (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87–0.99) – than the 14% increase in risk associated with a composition of similarly reduced time in MVPA and more time in SB (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02–1.27). For a given MVPA duration, the CVD risk did not differ as a function of LIPA and SB durations. Conclusions Among older adults, an increase in MVPA duration at the expense of time in either SB or LIPA was found associated with lower incidence of CVD. This study lends support to public health guidelines encouraging increase in MVPA or at least maintain MVPA at current duration.

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Objectively measured physical activity levels in physical education classes and body mass index (Niveles de actividad física medida objetivamente en las clases de educación física y el índice de masa grasa)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i31.53502 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 271-274

Author(s):

Manuela Costa ◽

Tânia Oliveira ◽

Jorge Mota ◽

Maria Paula Santos ◽

José Carlos Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Public Schools ◽

Physical Education ◽

Body Mass ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

The Body ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Objectively Measured

Objective: The objective of this study was twofold. First, analyze physical activity (PA) levels during physical education (PE) with different durations (45 and 90 minutes) according to student’s obesity status. Secondly, we examine the relative contribution of 45 and 90 minutes PE (45PE and 90PE) for the compliance of the daily PA recommendations according to the body mass index (BMI). Methods: Four public schools were analyzed. The sample comprised 472 youngsters (266 girls) aged between 10 and 18 years old. PA was assessed using an Actigraph accelerometer. The participants were categorized as non-overweight (NOW) and overweight/obese (OW) according to the sex-adjusted BMI. Results: The proportion of Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) was lower than the 50% recommended by guidelines regardless the PE duration. Our data showed that only 26% of NOW and 13% of OW in the 45PE achieved the recommended levels while 17% of NOW and 11% of OW achieved the recommendation in 90PE. Overall, the 90PE had a higher absolute contribution for daily MVPA recommendations compliance than 45PE. Conclusion: During PE classes youngsters spent a reduced amount of time in MVPA, independently of their weight status.Resumen. Objetivo: Este estudio tiene un doble objetivo. En primero lugar, analizar los niveles de la actividad física durante la educación física con diferentes duraciones (45 y 90 minutos) de acuerdo con el estado de la obesidad de los alumnos. En segundo lugar, se analiza la contribución relativa de 45 y 90 minutos de la educación física para el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones diarias de actividad física según el índice de masa grasa. Métodos: cuatro escuelas públicas fueran analizadas. La muestra fue de 472 jóvenes (266 chicas) con edades entre los 10 y 18 años. La actividad física fue medida utilizando un acelerómetro Actigraph. Los participantes fueran clasificados como sin sobrepeso y con sobrepeso/obesidad de acuerdo con el índice de masa grasa ajustado al género. Resultados: La proporción de la actividad física moderada y vigorosa fue inferior al 50% recomendado por las recomendaciones independiente de la duración de la clase de educación física. Nuestros datos muestran que solo unos 26% de los niños sin sobrepeso y unos 13% de niñoss con sobrepeso/obesidad llegaron al los niveles recomendados en las clases de 45 min, mientras el 17% de los jóvenes sin sobrepeso y el 11% con sobrepeso/obesidad han logrado las recomendaciones en las clases de 90 min. En general, las clases de 90 min tienen una mayor contribución para cumplimiento de las recomendaciones diarias de actividad física moderada a vigorosa do que las clases de 45 min. Conclusión: Durante las clases de educación física los jóvenes tuvieran una cantidad reducida de tiempo en actividad física moderada a vigorosa, independiente de su estado de peso.

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Recommendations for 24-Hour Movement Behaviours in Adults with Asthma: A Review of Current Guidelines

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17051789 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 1789

Author(s):

Shilpa Dogra ◽

Ilana Patlan ◽

Carley O’Neill ◽

Hayley Lewthwaite

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

General Population ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Movement Behaviour ◽

Asthma Care ◽

Future Work ◽

Current Guidelines

Background: Many countries have clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for asthma that serve as an important resource for healthcare professionals and inform the development of policies and practices relevant to asthma care. The purpose of this scoping review was to search for CPGs related to asthma to determine what recommendations related to the 24-h movement behaviours are provided. Methods: We searched for the most recent CPGs published by a national authoritative body from 195 countries. Guidelines were reviewed for all movement behaviours; that is, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Results: In total, 82 documents were searched for eligibility and 19 were included in our review. Of these, only 10 CPGs provided information on physical activity; none provided recommendations consistent with the FITT principle, while seven recommended activity levels similar to the general population. None of the guidelines included information on sedentary behaviour. Nine guidelines included information on sleep: recommendations mostly focused on changes to medication to reduce disruptions in sleep. Conclusions: It is recommended that future work be conducted to create comprehensive movement behaviour guidelines accompanied with relevant precautions and strategies to ensure that adults with asthma are able to safely and effectively engage in movement behaviours throughout the day.

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Are Reallocations between Sedentary Behaviour and Physical Activity Associated with Better Sleep in Adults Aged 55+ Years? An Isotemporal Substitution Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17249579 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (24) ◽

pp. 9579

Author(s):

Julie Vanderlinden ◽

Gregory Biddle ◽

Filip Boen ◽

Jannique van Uffelen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Activity Data ◽

Wake Time ◽

Alternative Treatment Option

Physical activity has been proposed as an effective alternative treatment option for the increasing occurrence of sleep problems in older adults. Although higher physical activity levels are associated with better sleep, the association between specific physical activity intensities and sedentary behaviour (SB) with sleep remains unclear. This study examines the associations of statistically modelled time reallocations between sedentary time and different physical activity intensities with sleep outcomes using isotemporal substitution analysis. Device-measured physical activity data and both objective and subjective sleep data were collected from 439 adults aged 55+ years. Replacing 30 min of SB with moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) was significantly associated with an increased number of awakenings. Moreover, a reallocation of 30 min between light physical activity (LPA) and MVPA was significantly associated with increased sleep efficiency. Furthermore, reallocating 30 min of SB to LPA showed a significant association with decreased sleep efficiency. There were no significant associations of time reallocations for wake time after sleep onset, length of awakenings, and sleep quality. These results improve our understanding of the interrelationships between different intensities of movement behaviours and several aspects of sleep in older adults.

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Day-to-day and longer-term longitudinal associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep in children

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa219 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Devan Antczak ◽

Taren Sanders ◽

Borja del Pozo Cruz ◽

Philip Parker ◽

Chris Lonsdale

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

Night Time ◽

Wake Time ◽

Time In Bed ◽

Longitudinal Associations

Abstract Study Objectives To determine the day-to-day and longer-term longitudinal associations between daytime physical activity and night-time sleep. Methods We used data from a 2-year longitudinal study which included three time points (i.e. baseline, year 1, and year 2). Participants were recruited from primary schools and included 1059 children (50% girls) with a mean age of 8.81-years-old (SD = 0.72) at baseline. Sleep variables included sleep duration, sleep efficiency, time in bed, sleep onset, and wake time. Physical activity variables included light, moderate, moderate-to-vigorous, and vigorous physical activity as well as sedentary time. We objectively assessed physical activity and sleep behaviors using the GENEActiv wrist-worn accelerometer over an 8-day period at each timepoint for a potential 21 190 observed days. Results We used fixed-effects multilevel models and parallel latent growth curve modeling to examine day-to-day and longer-term associations, respectively. Day-to-day, physical activity, and sleep variables were significantly, positively, and bidirectionally associated, except for sleep efficiency, which showed little association with physical activity. Longer-term, we found little association between physical activity and sleep variables. Conclusions Overall, our findings indicate that there is a day-to-day association between the amount of time spent being physically active and improved sleep. The lack of a longer-term association indicates that a focus on children’s daily behavior may be most appropriate to help children improve sleep and increase physical activity.

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Objectively measured physical activity levels and sedentary time in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia

10.1101/325969 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Hugo Nivaldo Melo ◽

Simone Joanna-Maria Stoots ◽

Marijn Aimee Pool ◽

Vitor Oliveira Carvalho ◽

Max Luan De Carvalho Aragão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Physical Activity Levels

Abstract:The aim of this study was to identify the levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour of children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCA) compared to healthy individuals. A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was performed at a reference center for the treatment of patients with hemoglobinopathies in northeastern Brazil. Patients were recruited between October 2015 and January 2017. Eligible participants answered a Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children and Adolescents (PAQ-C) and were instructed to use an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT triaxial accelerometer for seven consecutive days. The analysis of the results was performed using the SPSS software (version 13.0). Differences between means were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the chi-square test was used to evaluate the proportions of occurrence of categorical variables, comparing patient and controls groups. Among the 352 patients in the follow-up, 64 met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate. Of those, 14 did not use the accelerometer during the 7 consecutive days and were excluded. 50 patients (and their 50 controls) were then evaluated. We observed a statistically significant difference between cases and controls in the variables “total time of moderate and vigorous physical activity” (p=0.009 and p=0.0001, respectively) and “daily mean of moderate and vigorous physical activity” (p=0.005 and p=0.003). There was also a significant difference among cases and controls in the following variables: “metabolic equivalent” (MET), with p=0.04, total of steps (p=0.04) and “total caloric expenditure” (p=0.0001), with the worst performances for the group of patients with SCA. Children and adolescents with SCA presented lower levels of physical activity than healthy children and adolescents, both when evaluated by the PAQs or by the accelerometer. The results suggest the need to develop specific programs aimed at promoting physical activity levels and reducing sedentary behaviour among young individuals with SCA.

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The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on university students’ dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2020-0990 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leandy Bertrand ◽

Keely A. Shaw ◽

Jongbum Ko ◽

Dalton Deprez ◽

Philip D. Chilibeck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

University Students ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Sedentary Activity ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

The Impact

University students are a vulnerable group for poor dietary intake, insufficient physical activity and sedentary behaviour. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on university students’ dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. Participants were students (n = 125) from the Universities of Saskatchewan and Regina. An online questionnaire was administered retrospectively (for prepandemic) and prospectively (during the pandemic) to examine students’ dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. Overall, nutrient and caloric intakes were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) during the pandemic, and alcohol intake increased (p = 0.03). Before the pandemic, 16% and 54% of the participants were meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults (18–64 years) of 150 min of moderate−vigorous physical activity and 8 h or less of sedentary activity, respectively. Only 10% met the guidelines for physical activity while 30% met the guidelines for sedentary behaviour during the pandemic. The minutes per week spent engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity during the pandemic decreased by approximately 20% (p < 0.001). The hours spent in sedentary activities increased by 3 h per day (p < 0.001). Our findings confirm that during the pandemic, students’ inadequate dietary intake, high alcohol consumption, low physical activity, and high sedentary behaviour were significantly compounded. Novelty: During COVID-19, the nutrient and caloric intakes of university students decreased, and alcohol intake increased significantly. University students’ physical activity levels decreased, and sedentary activity increased significantly during COVID-19. During COVID-19 students did not engage in sufficient physical activity to offset the increased sedentary behaviour.

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Older adults’ construal of sedentary behaviour: Implications for reducing sedentary behaviour in older adult populations

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105320909870 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 135910532090987 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura J McGowan ◽

Rachael Powell ◽

David P French

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Physically Active ◽

North West ◽

Health Related

Older adults are the most sedentary age group, with sedentary behaviour having negative health-related consequences. There is currently limited understanding of how older adults view sedentary behaviour. This study investigated older adults’ understanding of the concept of sedentary behaviour. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 community-dwelling older adults in urban North-West England, selected to be diverse in socio-economic background and activity levels. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted. Participants often construed sedentary behaviour as synonymous with a lack of physical activity, and many perceived reducing sedentary behaviour and increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity to be the same thing. Participants perceived the term ‘sedentary’ to have negative connotations and were often judgemental of people who engaged in high levels of sedentary behaviour. Most participants considered reducing sedentary behaviour to be of value, though more active individuals were unconvinced that reducing sedentary behaviour has value beyond the benefits of being physically active. Interventions may wish to provide education to address the misconception that increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is necessary in order to reduce sedentary behaviour. Educating older adults on the independent health consequences of sedentary behaviour may also prove beneficial.

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Associations between Aspects of Friendship Networks, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behaviour among Adolescents

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2014/632689 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Keri Jo Sawka ◽

Gavin R. McCormack ◽

Alberto Nettel-Aguirre ◽

Anita Blackstaffe ◽

Rosemary Perry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Support ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Friendship Networks ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Network Characteristics ◽

Point Increase ◽

Sectional Analysis

Background.Adolescent friendships have been linked to physical activity levels; however, network characteristics have not been broadly examined.Method.In a cross-sectional analysis of 1061 adolescents (11–15 years), achieving 60 minutes/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and participating in over 2 hours/day of sedentary behaviour were determined based on friendship network characteristics (density; proportion of active/sedentary friends; betweenness centrality; popularity; clique membership) and perceived social support.Results.Adolescents with no friendship nominations participated in less MVPA. For boys and girls, a ten percent point increase in active friends was positively associated with achievement of 60 minutes/day of MVPA (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.02–1.21, OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.02–1.27, resp.). For boys, higher social support from friends was negatively associated with achieving 60 minutes/day of MVPA (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.42–0.96). Compared with low density networks, boys in higher density networks were more likely to participate in over 2 hours/day of sedentary behaviour (OR 2.93; 95% CI 1.32–6.49). Social support from friends also modified associations between network characteristics and MVPA and sedentary behaviour.Conclusion.Different network characteristics appeared to have different consequences. The proportion of active close friends was associated with MVPA, while network density was associated with sedentary behaviour. This poses challenges for intervention design.

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An empirical example of analysis using a two-stage modeling approach: within-subject association of outdoor context and physical activity predicts future daily physical activity levels

Translational Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1093/tbm/ibaa107 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chih-Hsiang Yang ◽

Jaclyn P Maher ◽

Aditya Ponnada ◽

Eldin Dzubur ◽

Rachel Nordgren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Wearable Sensors ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Two Stage ◽

Modeling Approach ◽

Source Program ◽

Modeling Strategy ◽

Stage Modeling

Abstract People differ from each other to the extent to which momentary factors, such as context, mood, and cognitions, influence momentary health behaviors. However, statistical models to date are limited in their ability to test whether the association between two momentary variables (i.e., subject-level slopes) predicts a subject-level outcome. This study demonstrates a novel two-stage statistical modeling strategy that is capable of testing whether subject-level slopes between two momentary variables predict subject-level outcomes. An empirical case study application is presented to examine whether there are differences in momentary moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels between the outdoor and indoor context in adults and whether these momentary differences predict mean daily MVPA levels 6 months later. One hundred and eight adults from a multiwave longitudinal study provided 4 days of ecological momentary assessment (during baseline) and accelerometry data (both at baseline and 6 month follow-up). Multilevel data were analyzed using an open-source program (MixWILD) to test whether momentary strength between outdoor context and MVPA during baseline was associated with average daily MVPA levels measured 6 months later. During baseline, momentary MVPA levels were higher in outdoor contexts as compared to indoor contexts (b = 0.07, p < .001). Participants who had more momentary MVPA when outdoors (vs. indoors) during baseline (i.e., a greater subject-level slope) had higher daily MVPA at the 6 month follow-up (b = 0.09, p < .05). This empirical example shows that the subject-level momentary association between specific context (i.e., outdoors) and health behavior (i.e., physical activity) may contribute to overall engagement in that behavior in the future. The demonstrated two-stage modeling approach has extensive applications in behavioral medicine to analyze intensive longitudinal data collected from wearable sensors and mobile devices.

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