Coenzyme Q10 status, glucose parameters, and antioxidative capacity in college athletes

Abstract Background Glycemia is related to energy production during exercise. Coenzyme Q10 is an antioxidant that participates in adenosine triphosphate synthesis in mitochondria. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of coenzyme Q10, glucose parameters, and antioxidant capacity in athletes. Methods This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. Well-trained college athletes (n = 43) and age-gender matched healthy subjects (n = 25) were recruited from a college. The levels of glucose parameters, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TAC), and coenzyme Q10 status were measured in the present study. Results The athletes had a significantly lower level of white blood cells (WBC) coenzyme Q10 than the healthy subjects (0.34 ± 0.24 vs. 0.65 ± 0.43 nmol/g, p < 0.01); however, no significant difference was detected in plasma coenzyme Q10 between the two groups. Regarding the glucose parameters, the athletes had significantly higher values for HbA1c (5.5 ± 0.3 vs. 5.3 ± 0.3%, p < 0.05) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI, 0.37 ± 0.03 vs. 0.34 ± 0.03, p < 0.05), and lower homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, 1.5 ± 0.8 vs. 2.9 ± 3.8, p < 0.05) than the healthy subjects. A higher level of TAC was found in the athletes (serum, 5.7 ± 0.3 vs. 5.4 ± 0.2 mM Trolox; erythrocyte, 10.5 ± 0.6 vs. 10.0 ± 0.5 mM Trolox, p < 0.05). In addition, WBC coenzyme Q10 status was significantly correlated with catalase activity (r = 0.56, p < 0.01), GPx activity (r = 0.56, p < 0.01), serum TAC (r = 0.54, p < 0.01), fasting glucose (β = − 1.10, p < 0.01), HbA1c (β = − 0.82, p < 0.01), HOMA-IR (β = − 1.81, p < 0.01), and QUICK (β = 0.08, p < 0.01). Conclusions Athletes may suffer from a marginal coenzyme Q10 deficiency, and the level was related to glycemic control and antioxidant capacity. Further interventional studies are needed to clarify an adequate dose of coenzyme Q10 supplementation in athletes to optimize their coenzyme Q10 status and athletic performance or recovery during exercise.

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Handheld dermatoscopy as an easy-to-use capillaroscopic instrument in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study

TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES ◽

10.3906/sag-2006-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 1540-1545

Author(s):

Ömer Faruk ELMAS ◽

Mehmet OKÇU ◽

Abdullah DEMİRBAŞ ◽

Necmettin AKDENİZ

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Disease Activity Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rheumatologic Diseases ◽

Significant Difference

Background/aim: Nailfold video capillaroscopy is considered as a reliable method for evaluating peripheral microangiopathy in rheumatologic diseases. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the utility of handheld dermatoscopy as an easy-to-use nailfold capillaroscopic instrument in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy subjects. A handheld dermatoscopic examination of proximal nail fold was performed in each subject. The possible correlation of capillaroscopic findings with disease activity was evaluated using the disease activity score 28 (DAS28).Results: A total of 59 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 60 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. The presence of capillaryenlargement, avascular areas, capillary deformities, and capillary vascular anomalies in the group of patients showed a statistically significant difference when compared with the healthy subjects. No correlation was found between the nail fold capillaroscopic findings and DAS28 score.Conclusion: Hand-held dermatoscopy seems to be a useful technique in the evaluation of nail fold capillary changes. We suggest that in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, when capillaroscopic examination is needed, it can be evaluated using handheld dermatoscopy. Selected patients who showed findings using this method can be further examined with classical capillaroscopy to obtain more quantitative data.

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Retinal vascular metrics difference by comparison of two image acquisition modes using a novel OCT angiography prototype

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0243074

Author(s):

Luca Di Antonio ◽

Pasquale Viggiano ◽

Giada Ferro ◽

Lisa Toto ◽

Rossella D’Aloisio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Image Acquisition ◽

Vessel Diameter ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

En Face ◽

Capillary Plexus ◽

Perfusion Density ◽

Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose To assess the different impact of two enface OCTA image simultaneously acquired by means of a new prototype of Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (SD-OCTA) on quantitative retinal vascular metrics. Methods In this prospective observational cross-sectional study 28 healthy subjects were enrolled. Macular (3x3 mm) OCTA images were acquired for all participants using Solix Fullrange OCT (Optovue Inc, Freemont CA, USA). The main outcome measurements were: Perfusion density (PD), vessel length density (VLD), and vessel diameter index (VDI) of both superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris (CC) total flow-deficits area. Quantitative retinal vascular metrics were measured on binarized and skeletonized OCTA images by comparing not averaged and fast automated multiple averaged en face OCTA images. Results In both SCP and DCP, PD significantly increased (p = 0,005 and p = 0,030, respectively), and VLD significantly decreased (p<0,001 and p = 0,004, respectively), and VDI increased (p<0,001 and p = 0,068, respectively), and total CC flow deficits area significantly decreased (p<0,001) by averaging multiple OCTA images. Conclusions In this study, we found a significant difference of quantitative retinal metrics by comparing two different image acquisition modes using a novel and fully automated averaging OCTA system in young healthy subjects.

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Risk Assessment and Determination of Factors That Cause the Development of Hyperinsulinemia in School-Age Adolescents

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina58010009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Igor Lukic ◽

Nikola Savic ◽

Maja Simic ◽

Nevena Rankovic ◽

Dragica Rankovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

At Risk ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment

Background and Objectives: Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are not synonymous; if the risk of developing insulin resistance in adolescents is monitored, they do not necessarily have hyperinsulinemia. It is considered a condition of pre-diabetes and represents a condition of increased risk of developing DM (diabetes mellitus); it can exist for many years without people having the appropriate symptoms. This study aims to determine the risk of developing hyperinsulinemia at an early age in adolescents by examining which factors are crucial for its occurrence. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study lasting from 2019 to 2021 (2 years) was realized at the school children’s department in the Valjevo Health Center, which included a total of 822 respondents (392 male and 430 female) children and adolescents aged 12 to 17. All respondents underwent a regular, systematic examination scheduled for school children. BMI is a criterion according to which respondents are divided into three groups. Results: After summary analyzes of OGTT test respondents and calculated values of HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance), the study showed that a large percentage of respondents, a total of 12.7%, are at risk for hyperinsulinemia. The research described in this paper aimed to use the most popular AI (artificial intelligence) model, ANN (artificial neural network), to show that 13.1% of adolescents are at risk, i.e., the risk is higher by 0.4%, which was shown by statistical tests as a significant difference. Conclusions: It is estimated that a model using three different ANN architectures, based on Taguchi’s orthogonal vector plans, gives more precise and accurate results with much less error. In addition to monitoring changes in each individual’s risk, the risk assessment of the entire monitored group is updated without having to analyze all data.

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Evaluation of C-reactive protein and hematological parameters in smokeless tobacco users: A comparative cross-sectional study

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.37.4.3841 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Sikander Munir Memon ◽

Naresh Kumar ◽

Aneela Atta Ur Rahman ◽

Binafsha Manzoor Syed

Keyword(s):

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: To investigate the changes in levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and hematological parameters among smokeless tobacco (SLT) users. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the community level in the coastal districts of Sindh province namely Badin, Thatta, and Sujawal from January 2017 to December 2019. The CRP and hematological parameters were evaluated by well-established methods among SLT and non-SLT users. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between SLT users (mean CRP = 0.77) versus non-users (mean CRP = 0.18), p = <0.001. Among hematological parameters, white blood cells (SLT users median = 7.85 versus non-SLT users median = 8.50, p = 0.004), monocytes (SLT users median = 6.00 versus non-SLT users median = 6.00, p = 0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (SLT users median = 15.00 versus non-SLT users median = 10.00, p = 0.006) showed statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Significantly elevated CRP was observed in SLT users similarly hematological parameters also showed changes. WBCs, monocytes and ESR were significantly deranged among SLT users. Further studies looking into long term effects of these changes would be helpful. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3841 How to cite this:Memon SM, Kumar N, Atta-Ur-Rahman A, Syed BM. Evaluation of C-reactive protein and hematological parameters in smokeless tobacco users: A comparative cross-sectional study. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3841 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Macular Vascular Geometry Changes With Sex and Age in Healthy Subjects: A Fundus Photography Study

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.778346 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Ziqing Feng ◽

Gengyuan Wang ◽

Honghui Xia ◽

Meng Li ◽

Guoxia Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Age Groups ◽

Vessel Diameter ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Vascular Geometry

Purpose: To characterize the sex- and age-related alterations of the macular vascular geometry in a population of healthy eyes using fundus photography.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 610 eyes from 305 healthy subjects (136 men, 169 women) who underwent fundus photography examination and was divided into four age groups (G1 with age ≤ 25 years, G2 with age 26–35 years, G3 with age 36–45 years, and G4 with age ≥ 46 years). A self-developed automated retinal vasculature analysis system allowed segmentation and separate multiparametric quantification of the macular vascular network according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Vessel fractal dimension (Df), vessel area rate (VAR), average vessel diameter (Dm), and vessel tortuosity (τn) were acquired and compared between sex and age groups.Results: There was no significant difference between the mean age of male and female subjects (32.706 ± 10.372 and 33.494 ± 10.620, respectively, p > 0.05) and the mean age of both sexes in each age group (p > 0.05). The Df, VAR, and Dm of the inner ring, the Df of the outer ring, and the Df and VAR of the whole macula were significantly greater in men than women (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.05, respectively). There was no significant change of τn between males and females (p > 0.05). The Df, VAR, and Dm of the whole macula, the inner and outer rings associated negatively with age (p < 0.001), whereas the τn showed no significant association with age (p > 0.05). Comparison between age groups observed that Df started to decrease from G2 compared with G1 in the inner ring (p < 0.05) and Df, VAR, and Dm all decreased from G3 compared with the younger groups in the whole macula, inner and outer rings (p < 0.05).Conclusion: In the healthy subjects, macular vascular geometric parameters obtained from fundus photography showed that Df, VAR, and Dm are related to sex and age while τn is not. The baseline values of the macular vascular geometry were also acquired for both sexes and all age groups.

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Lipid Profile Level among Healthy Subjects and Their Relation with Obesity- A Clinical Study

Academia Journal of Medicine ◽

10.47008/ajm.2020.3.1.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 42-46

Author(s):

Radhika M ◽

Vinu Thomas

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

General Information ◽

Visceral Adiposity Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adiposity Index ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

Background: Obesity is a common metabolic disease world-wide and dyslipidemias among the most common metabolic disorders associated with obesity. The present study was undertaken to assess lipid profile level among healthy subjects and their relation with obesity.Subjects and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 100 subjects. General information related to data such as name, age, gender etc. was recorded in case history proforma. BMI was evaluated based on formula of BMI = Weight (kg)/Height (m)2. Based on BMI, subjects were divided into two groups according to their BMI values as- group I- Obese and Group II- Non obese. Group I had 65 and group II had 35 subjects. Lipid profile was done.Results: There was significant difference in group I and group II regarding waist circumference (WC), BMI (kg/m2), body adiposity index (BAI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), total cholesterol (TC) (P< 0.05). Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), HDL- C, LDL- C, TG, TC/HDL- C, LDL-C/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C was non- significant (P< 0.05). There was negative correlations between BMI and TC, LDL-C, HDL-C; WC, WHR, VAI and HDL-C and positive significant correlations were found between WC, WHR, and TG/HDL-C, as well as between VAI andTC, TG, TC/HDL-C, LDL/HDL-C, and TG/ HDL-C.Conclusion:Authors found that there was alteration of lipid profile in obese subjects. VAI is strongly related with lipid profile and may be considered as reliable obesity index in obese patients with dyslipidemias.

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Retinol binding protein 4, obesity, and insulin resistance in adolescents

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi57.1.2017.1-7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ronaldi Noor ◽

Eka Agustria Rini ◽

Eti Yerizel

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Retinol Binding Protein ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obese Adolescents ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Significant Difference

Background Obesity is a global problem. Even in poor and developing countries, obesity has reached alarming levels. In childhood, obesity may lead to insulin resistance. Retinol binding protein (RBP4), secreted primarily by liver and adipose tissues, was recently proposed as a link between obesity and insulin resistance. The role of RBP4 in pediatric obesity and its relationship with insulin resistance have not been well elucidated.Objective To compare RBP4 levels in obese and lean adolescents and to assess for a relationship between RBP4 levels and insulin resistance. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted in three senior high schools in Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Subjects were adolescents aged 14-18 years, who were obese or normal weight (n=56). We measured subjects’ body mass index (BMI) and serum RBP4 concentrations. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index.Results Similar RBP4 levels were found in the obese and normoweight groups (P>0.05). Higher RBP4 levels were found in the insulin resistant compared to the non-insulin resistant group, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05).Conclusion There is no significant difference in mean RBP4 levels in obese adolescents compared to normoweight adolescents. Nor are mean RBP4 levels significantly different between obese adolescents with and without insulin resistance.

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Comparison of total antioxidant capacity of saliva in men based on daily cigarette consumption

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2021.v24i1.2258 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pourya Pashaei ◽

Zahra Alizadeh ◽

Hossein Piri ◽

Monirsadat Mirzadeh ◽

Fatemeh Kazemi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Male ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Nitrogen Radicals

Objective: Antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting free oxygen and nitrogen radicals and preventing their formation. There are contradictory results regarding the relationship between cigarette smoking and total antioxidant capacity of saliva. In this study, the total antioxidant capacity of saliva has been compared in normal smokers, heavy smokers and non-smokers. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 28 heavy male smokers (more than one pack of cigarettes per day), 28 normal male smokers (less than one pack of cigarettes per day), and 28 male non-smokers aged 25 to 40 years old entered the study. Unstimulated saliva was collected by Spitting method. The total antioxidant capacity of saliva was measured using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean total antioxidant capacity of saliva in male non-smokers was 0.0598 ± 0.08 ?mol / L, in normal male smokers was 0.049 ± 0.04 ?mol / L, and in heavy male smokers was 0.0388 ± 0.035 ?mol / L, which did not show any significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that smoking does not have a significant effect on total antioxidant capacity of saliva in smokers. KEYWORDS Smokers; Saliva; Total antioxidant capacity.

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The interaction between dietary Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) and variant of Cocaine and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Prepropeptide (CARTPT) 5q13-14 - rs2239670 locus on hypothalamic-pituitary axis hormones and metabolic risk factors in obese individuals

10.21203/rs.3.rs-50351/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mahdieh Khodarahmi ◽

Mahdieh Farhangi ◽

Mahdi Niknam

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Dietary Assessment ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidant

Abstract Background: Epidemiological studies have illustrated that polymorphisms of Cocaine and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Prepropeptide gene (CARTPT) may affect obesity outcomes. However, no study has investigated the CARTPT gene-diet interactions in term of antioxidant potential of diet. This study aimed to evaluate the interactions between CARTPT gene and dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity on hypothalamic- pituitary axis hormones and cardio-metabolic risk factors. Method and Material: In the present cross-sectional study, 288 apparently healthy obese adults aged 20-50 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 30-40 kg/m2 completed the study. Dietary assessment was performed by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and antioxidant capacity of diet was estimated by calculating the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total radical trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). The CARTPT rs2239670 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) technique. Results: There was a significant interaction between CARTPT rs2239670 and dietary ORAC on BMI (Pinteraction = 0.048) and fat mass percent (FM%) (Pinteraction = 0.008); in A allele carriers, higher adherence to the dietary ORAC was related to lower level of BMI and FM%. As well as, the significant interactions were observed between FRAP index and rs2239670 in relation to HOMA (P interaction = 0.049) and QUICKI (P interaction = 0.048). Moreover, there were significant interactions of rs2239670 with TRAP (Pinteraction = 0.029) and TEAC (Pinteraction = 0.034) on the serum glucose level; individuals with AG genotype were more respondent to higher intake of TRAP. Conclusion: The present study indicated the interactions between CARTPT genotypes and dietary NEAC on obesity and its-related metabolic parameters. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.

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ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEUKOCYTES COUNT AND THE SEVERITY OF COVID-19 INFECTION

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202110110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (10) ◽

pp. 2417-2422

Author(s):

Ahmed Hamza Ajmi ◽

Wassan Abdul-Kareem Abbas ◽

Dalya Basil Hanna ◽

Maysaa Ali Abdul Khaleq

Keyword(s):

Clinical Investigation ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Severe Infection ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lymphocyte To Monocyte Ratio ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

The aim: To find an association of COVID-19 on different types of leukocytes either count increasing or decreasing. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study conducted from October /2020 to January /2021. Eighty patients out of 170 were enrolled in this study, who were attended a private clinic for clinical investigation and a private laboratory for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 who were divided into two groups, asymptomatic or mild (group 1), and moderate or severe (group 2). Five milliliter of blood samples were collected from patients with COVD-19 by venipuncture using a syringe for evaluation of different cells. Results: The current study revealed a significant difference in white blood cells count, neutrophils count, monocytes count, basophils count, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte to monocyte ratio between group 1 and group 2. While lymphocytes, and eosinophil showed no significant difference. Conclusion: The current study concluded that COVID-19 may affect the count of some leukocytes in patient with severe infection.

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