scholarly journals Dirofilaria immitis in wolves recolonizing northern Italy: are wolves competent hosts?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Moroni ◽  
Luca Rossi ◽  
Pier Giuseppe Meneguz ◽  
Riccardo Orusa ◽  
Simona Zoppi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Heartworm Infection ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
Return Process

Abstract Background Wild carnivores such as the grey wolf (Canis lupus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and golden jackal (Canis aureus) are recognized hosts of Dirofilaria immitis. However, few studies have focused on their actual role in the epidemiology of heartworm infection. This study describes the prevalence and distribution of D. immitis in wolves in a heartworm-endemic area in northern Italy where wolves have recently returned after long-time eradication, and investigates the fertility status of the collected adult nematodes. Methods In the frame of a long-term wolf monitoring programme in northwestern Italy, 210 wolf carcasses from four provinces were inspected for the presence of filarioid nematodes in the right heart and pulmonary arteries. Female heartworms were measured, and their uterine content analyzed according to a previously described “embryogram” technique. Results Three wolves, all originating from a single province (Alessandria), were positive for D. immitis (1.42%, 95% CI: 0.48–4.11%, in the whole study area; 13.6%, 95% CI: 4.7–33.3%, limited to the single province from which infected wolves originated). Mean intensity was 5 worms (range: 3–7) and the female worms measured 21–28 cm in length. Six out of 9 female worms harbored uterine microfilariae: 5 were classified as gravid; 1 showed a “discontinuous gradient”; and 3 were non-gravid. Conclusions The present data show that heartworm infection is already prevalent in wolves that have recolonized the known heartworm-endemic area. Based on “embryogram” results, wolves were shown suitable heartworm hosts. Interestingly, investigated wolves appeared similarly exposed to heartworm infection as sympatric unprotected dogs (owned dogs that have never received any heartworm prevention treatment) sampled at the beginning of the wolf return process.

Long-term results after palliative intra-cardiac repair for tetralogy of Fallot and diminutive pulmonary arteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1039
Author(s):  
Yoichi Kawahira ◽  
Kyoichi Nishigaki ◽  
Koji Kagisaki ◽  
Takuji Watanabe ◽  
Kazuki Tanimoto
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Repair ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
The Right

AbstractBackground:In patients with tetralogy of Fallot with the diminutive pulmonary arteries, we sometimes have to give up the complete intra-cardiac repair due to insufficient growth of the pulmonary arteries. We have carried out palliative intra-cardiac repair using a fenestrated patch.Methods:Of all 202 patients with tetralogy of Fallot in our centre since 1996, five patients (2.5%) with the diminutive pulmonary arteries underwent palliative intra-cardiac repair using a fenestrated patch. Mean operative age was 1.8 years. Previous operation was Blalock–Taussig shunt in 4. At operation, the ventricular septal defect was closed using a fenestrated patch and the right ventricular outflow tract was enlarged. Follow-up period was 9.8 ± 2.6 years.Results:There were no operative and late deaths. Fenestration closed spontaneously on its own in four patients 2.7 ± 2.1 years after the intra-cardiac repair with a stable haemodynamics; however, the last patient with the smallest pulmonary artery index had supra-systemic pressure of the right ventricle post-operatively. The fenestration was emergently enlarged. Systemic arterial oxygen saturation was significantly and dramatically increased from 83.5 to 94% after the palliative intra-cardiac repair, and to 98% at the long term. A ratio of systolic pressure of the right ventricle to the left was significantly decreased to 0.76 ± 0.12 at the long term. Now all five patients were Ross classification class I.Conclusion:Although frequent catheter and surgical interventions were needed after the palliative intra-cardiac repair, this repair might be a choice improving quality of life with good results in patients with tetralogy of Fallot associated with the diminutive pulmonary arteries.

Central monoaminergic systems sensitivity to acute hypoxia with hypercapnia changes after the maintenance under the long-term social isolation

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Karpova ◽  
V.V. Mikheev ◽  
V.V. Marysheva ◽  
N.A. Kuritcyna ◽  
E.R. Bychkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Hypoxia With Hypercapnia ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Monoamines And Their Metabolites

The experiments were performed in male albino outbred mice kept in a group and under the conditions of long-term social isolation. The changes in the monoaminergic systems of the left and right hemispheres of the brain after acute hypoxia with hypercapnia have been studied. The levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites – dioxyphenylacetic (DOPAC), homovanillic (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic (5-HIAA) acids – were determined by HPLC in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of the right and left sides of the brain. In the control mice kept both in the group and under the conditions of social isolation, a higher content of DA in the cortex of the left hemisphere has been found. In the other brain structures the monoamine content was symmetric. In the cerebral cortex of the mice in the group, acute hypoxia with hypercapnia led to a right-sided increase in the DA and 5HT levels. At the same time, the DOPAC content decreased in the left cortex. In mice in the group, under the hypoxia with hypercapnia conditions, the DA level in the left hippocampus increased. In the striatum, the content of monoamines and their metabolites did not change significantly. In animals kept for a long time under the conditions of social isolation, hypoxia with hypercapnia no statistically significant changes in the monoamines and their metabolites levels were found. It has been concluded that the preliminary maintenance under the conditions of prolonged social isolation changes the reaction of central monoaminergic systems to acute hypoxia with hypercapnia.

scholarly journals Co-infection with Angiostrongylus chabaudi and Dirofilaria immitis in a wildcat, Felis silvestris from Romania – a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-306
Author(s):  
Călin Mircea Gherman ◽  
Angela Monica Ionică ◽  
Georgiana Deak ◽  
Gabriel Bogdan Chișamera ◽  
Andrei Daniel Mihalca
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Felis Silvestris ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Angiostrongylus Chabaudi ◽  
The Right ◽  
Southern European Countries

Dirofilaria immitis is a worldwide spread nematode affecting the pulmonary artery and the heart of dogs (rarely reported in cats), especially in areas where the dogs show a high prevalence of infection. Angiostrongylus chabaudi is, in turn, a cardiopulmonary nematode of felids identified in several southern European countries and Germany. Co-infections of Dirofilaria immitis and Angiostrongylus spp. are known only in canids. We report a case of D. immitis and A. chabaudi co-infection in a road-killed wildcat originating from Southeastern Romania. Overall, 17 nematodes were collected from the pulmonary arteries of the wildcat and were morphologically identified as A. chabaudi (2 males and 15 females). Another nematode was collected from the right ventricle and identified as adult male D. immitis. Genomic DNA was extracted from one nematode of each of the two species and a fragment of the cox1 gene was amplified and sequenced. The sequences obtained from the nematodes showed 100% similarity to a sequence of A. chabaudi isolated from Romania (Accession number KU521521) and to various D. immitis sequences from Europe, Asia and Australia (e.g. KT716014, EU159111, AJ537512). This is the first report of A. chabaudi and D. immitis co-infection in a felid, revealing the possibility of similar situations in domestic cats. This requires a more in-depth clinical and laboratory examination of animals with respiratory and cardiac symptoms.

scholarly journals Canine and Feline Dirofilariasis Currently Spreads in Indonesia Damaging Pulmonary Arteries and Lungs: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 814-829
Author(s):  
Marissa Divia Dayanti ◽  
I Wayan Batan ◽  
Aloysiana Margaretha ◽  
Kevin Tri Tama
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
Heartworm Disease ◽  
Heartworm Infection

Dirofilariasis, caused by Dirofilaria immitis, mostly known as heartworm disease, is an important mosquito-borne nematode zoonosis that naturally infects canids and other species such as cats, ferrets, and humans. There have been reports of heartworm infection from many countries in worldwide. Researchers have reported D. immitis is widely distributed in Southeast Asia because this parasitic zoonosis disease lives in temperate, tropical, and subtropical areas and can be found in colder regions. Therefore, the authors intended to provide an overview of Dirofilariasis cases in Indonesia from a global perspective. The published articles of dirofilariasis were collected and retrieved by an electronic literature search of three databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The literature presented is intended to enhance our current understanding of the overview of D. immitis infection and its prevalence in Indonesia from a global perspective. D. immitis infection can cause caval syndrome in dogs as well as a cardiopulmonary syndrome known as Heartworm-Associated Respiratory Diseases (HARD), which can become fatal as the number of worms infecting the host increases. Whereas in cats, although the number of worms in the host are very few (one to six worms) they can cause pathological changes in the pulmonary arteries which result in a more serious infection than in dogs and endanger life.

scholarly journals Differential diagnosis of Dirofilaria immitis nematodes (Nematoda, Onchocercidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-648
Author(s):  
D. Kryvoruchenko ◽  
Y. Prykhodko ◽  
O. Mazannyі ◽  
O. Titarenko ◽  
I. Reva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Heartworm Disease ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right

Heartworm disease is a widespread anthropozoonotic disease of carnivorous animals, as well as humans. It is caused by nematodes belonging to the suborder Filariata, family Onchocercidae, genus Dirofilaria. There are about 26 species of heartworms in nature, the most common and pathogenic species in dogs and cats in most countries is Dirofilaria immitis Leidy, 1856. Mature helminths parasitize in the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries, large veins of animals and cause heart and vascular disorders, and death. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the features of morphological and metric structure of adult nematodes of D. immitis isolated from the heart of dogs. Morphological studies have shown that in males the most characteristic differential features are the presence of two unequal spicules, specifically positioned relative to each other, as well as well-defined preanal and less pronounced adanal and postanal papillae. In female heartworms, the characteristic morphological features are the shape and location of the vulva. There is a difference in the structure of the esophagus in males and females. In females, the anterior and posterior parts of the esophagus are well expressed, with enlargements, in males these divisions are not pronounced. To increase the efficiency of species identification of D. immitis nematodes, it is proposed to use metric parameters that characterize the overall body size, body and width of esophagus in different areas, length of esophagus, and the location of the nerve ring. In males, 11 indicators are also suggested that characterize the size of the spicules and the location of the cloaca. In females, seven additional parameters are pointed out that characterize the location of the vulva, anus and body width in these areas. The obtained data expand the already existing data on the peculiarities of the morphological structure of parasitic nematodes of the species D. immitis and their identification.

scholarly journals Evaluation of protective immunity against experimental Dirofilaria immitis infection in Beagle dogs

1970 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
MH Talukder ◽  
K Ueda ◽  
T Hajime ◽  
S Kanako ◽  
S Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Freund’S Complete Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Complete Adjuvant ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Gamma Irradiated ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Prevention of heartworm is a key goal of pet wellness. An experimental trial was carried out to induce the immunologic protection against Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs during the period from July 2005 to November 2006.  To evaluate the three protocols of immunization, dogs were separately immunized with gamma-irradiated infective larvae; with chemical abbreviation of infection; with chemical abbreviation plus Freund's complete adjuvant respectively. Each trial consisted of immunized and control groups and each group composed of two dogs. All dogs used for this study were subcutaneously challenged with 100 intact third-stage larvae at designated times after the last immunization following the above three protocols. The dogs were euthanized and necropsized between 120 to 175 days after challenge infection for the worms in the right ventricle of the heart and pulmonary arteries. Number of worms and sexes were determined. A mean of 36 worms from the immunized groups with irradiated L3; 33 worms from the chemically-abbreviated group whereas 13 worms from the chemical abbreviation plus Freund's complete adjuvant group were recovered. The percentages of the average protection in three groups were 45.80%, 55.05% and 77.90% respectively. The adjuvant enhanced the protective immunity against L3 challenge infection. The ELISA values do not explain the intensity of the protection, but shown adequately the immunized dogs responding to the immunization performed in this experiment. Key words: Heartworm, protective immunity, chemical-abbreviation, gamma-irradiated larvae DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1323 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 93-98

scholarly journals First autochthonous Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) infection in a dog in Hungary

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Jacsó ◽  
M. Mándoki ◽  
G. Majoros ◽  
M. Pétsch ◽  
M. Mortarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Veterinary Science ◽  
Poor General Condition ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Heartworm Infection ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Knott’S Test

AbstractA 4 year-old, male Hungarian Vizsla dog which had never been abroad was referred with poor general condition, decrease in body weight, haematemesis and jaundice to the Central Clinic of Veterinary Science University, Budapest. After symptomatic treatment abdominal ultrasonography and diagnostic laparatomy were carried out. The dog was humanely euthanized two days later following owner’s consent because of sudden worsening of clinical conditions. Two adult heartworms (Dirofilaria immitis) were found in the right ventricle partially coiling around the tricuspid valve. PCR on blood was positive for both D. immitis and Dirofilaria repens while only D. repens microfilariae were found by modified Knott’s test and the serological test was negative for D. immitis antigens. This is the first, confirmed report of autochthonous canine heartworm infection in Hungary.

scholarly journals The fatal case of an autochthonous heartworm disease in a dog from a non-endemic region of south-eastern Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Miterpáková ◽  
H. Zborovská ◽  
B. Bielik ◽  
M. Halán
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heartworm Disease ◽  
The Right

SummaryDuring the past few years, several localities with increasing Dirofilaria immitis occurrences have been identified in Slovakia; particularly in areas regarded as endemic for Dirofilaria repens up until now. In terms of that, dogs with clinically manifested heartworm disease have been referred to the veterinary ambulances more frequently. We report in this study, two autochthonous cases of D. immitisinfections diagnosed in two seven-year-old siblings of Tibetan Mastiff dogs from the Košice region of south-eastern Slovakia. The course of the disease in both dogs were very different. The female dog did not manifest any unusual findings, however the male dog exhibited severe clinical signs of heartworm disease that lead to his death. The subsequent autopsy revealed adult D. immitis worms in the right heart ventricle and pulmonary arteries.

scholarly journals Searching for the right form: A self-taught village player recalling performance live

Muzikologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
pp. 203-223
Author(s):  
Jelena Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Cognitive Interview ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Musical Form ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Successful Attempt ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
Musical Memory

Repertoire of the excellent self-taught traditional dvojnice-player, Miladin Arsenijevic, from the vicinity of Topola (central Serbia) consists of lyrical songs of a newer rural repertoire. During a 'cognitive interview', in his attempt to recall and reconstruct old-time traveler's (putnicko) playing through performance, a 'real music situation', he has gradually condensed the developed form of the homophonic shepherd's song into the fragmentary form of heterophonic traveler's playing. In this paper the accent is on the player's search and creative process in his attempt to derive the right musical form of a piece, using his long-term memory, since he has not heard or played the piece for quite a long time. It is also a successful attempt to bring musical data from passive to active musical memory, and a transit from one collective semantic musical code to another. The motoric component plays an important role as well. The analysis of musical change shows that musical memory is a distributive system, and data is organized in groups. Musical parameters change: rhythm and tone are changed first, while other parameters seem to depend mostly on the shape of the melodic model; they gradually change while this element finds its right form.

Good strategy makes good leaders

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Allio
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Good Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Successful Leadership ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This masterclass seeks to identify the leaders others should emulate, what’s are best practices, how did the acclaimed exemplars get to be leaders, and what can we learn from their stories? Design/methodology/approach – The author, a veteran practitioner and long-time observer of the evolution of strategic management regularly scans the business idea marketplace to identify any breakthroughs in the perennial quest for insights into the field of leadership. Findings – Forget leadership – it’s strategy that matters. Companies excel when they adopt good strategies and implement them efficiently. The role of the leader is diminishing, and leadership has little utility as an organizing principle. Practical implications – Look realistically at attempts to show how some CEOs shaped the future of their firms. Stories of success and failure typically exaggerate the impact of leadership style and management practices on performance. They focus on the singularities – the few extraordinary successes– and ignore the many events that failed to happen. We all fall prey to this affective fallacy when we extoll certain individuals – and then overweight their contribution to the success of their organizations. Originality/value – We need to refocus our attention on strategy. Successful leadership ultimately comes down to good strategy and good fortune. We have little control over the vicissitudes of the macro-environment, but firms that adopt the right strategy will do better over the long term.

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