scholarly journals Imaging foreign bodies in head and neck trauma: a pictorial review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Oliver Voss ◽  
Christoph Maier ◽  
Jonas Wüster ◽  
Benedicta Beck-Broichsitter ◽  
Tobias Ebker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Open Injuries ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractOpen injuries bear the risk of foreign body contamination. Commonly encountered materials include gravel debris, glass fragments, wooden splinters or metal particles. While foreign body incorporation is obvious in some injury patterns, other injuries may not display hints of being contaminated with foreign body materials. Foreign objects that have not been detected and removed bear the risk of leading to severe wound infections and chronic wound healing disorders. Besides these severe health issues, medicolegal consequences should be considered. While an accurate clinical examination is the first step for the detection of foreign body materials, choosing the appropriate radiological imaging is decisive for the detection or non-detection of the foreign material. Especially in cases of impaired wound healing over time, the existence of an undetected foreign object needs to be considered.Here, we would like to give a practical radiological guide for the assessment of foreign objects in head and neck injuries by a special selection of patients with different injury patterns and various foreign body materials with regard to the present literature.

scholarly journals Intruding implements: a pictorial review of retained surgical foreign objects in neuroradiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra D’Amico ◽  
Teresa Perillo ◽  
Lorenzo Ugga ◽  
Renato Cuocolo ◽  
Arturo Brunetti
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Local Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Review Reports

AbstractIntra-cranial and spinal foreign body reactions represent potential complications of medical procedures. Their diagnosis may be challenging as they frequently show an insidious clinical presentation and can mimic other life-threatening conditions. Their pathophysiological mechanism is represented by a local inflammatory response due to retained or migrated surgical elements. Cranial interventions may be responsible for the presence of retained foreign objects represented by surgical materials (such as sponges, bone wax, and Teflon). Spinal diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, including myelography, chordotomy, vertebroplasty, and device implantation, are another potential source of foreign bodies. These reactions can also follow material migration or embolization, for example in the case of Lipiodol, Teflon, and cement vertebroplasty. Imaging exams, especially CT and MRI, have a central role in the differential diagnosis of these conditions together with patient history. Neuroradiological findings are dependent on the type of material that has been left in or migrated from the surgical area. Knowledge of these entities is relevant for clinical practice as the correct identification of foreign bodies and related inflammatory reactions, material embolisms, or migrations can be difficult. This pictorial review reports neuroradiological semeiotics and differential diagnosis of foreign body-related imaging abnormalities in the brain and spine.

Determination of the Duration of Preoperative Smoking Cessation to Improve Wound Healing after Head and Neck Surgery

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 892-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michioki Kuri ◽  
Masashi Nakagawa ◽  
Hideo Tanaka ◽  
Seiko Hasuo ◽  
Yoshihiko Kishi
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Time History ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Head And Neck Surgery ◽  
Wound Complications ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing

Background Preoperative smoking cessation has been suggested to be effective in reducing various postoperative complications. However, the optimal duration of preoperative smoking cessation for reducing wound complications is unclear. Methods One hundred eighty-eight consecutive patients who underwent reconstructive head and neck surgery at the authors' institution were included in this retrospective study. Information on preoperative smoking habits was obtained from the patients' medical records. Smokers were defined as having smoked within 7 days before surgery. Late, intermediate, and early quitters were defined as patients whose duration of abstinence from smoking was 8-21, 22-42, and 43 days or longer before the operation, respectively. Patients who required postoperative debridement, resuture, or reconstruction of their flap before hospital discharge were defined as having had impaired wound healing. Results The incidences (95% confidence intervals) of impaired wound healing among the late, intermediate, and early quitters and nonsmokers were 67.6% (52-83%), 55.0% (33-77%), 59.1% (47-71%), and 47.5% (32-63%), respectively, and the incidence of impaired wound healing was significantly lower among the intermediate quitters, early quitters, and nonsmokers than among the smokers (85.7% [73-97%]). After controlling for sex, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, operation time, history of diabetes mellitus, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and the type of flap, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for development of impaired wound healing in the late, intermediate, early quitters, and nonsmokers were 0.31 (0.08-1.24), 0.17 (0.04-0.75), 0.17 (0.05-0.60), and 0.11 (0.03-0.51), respectively, compared with the smokers. Conclusions Preoperative smoking abstinence of longer than 3 weeks reduces the incidence of impaired wound healing among patients who have undergone reconstructive head and neck surgery.

Foreign Body Granulomas in the Head and Neck

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Bryarly ◽  
Frederick J. Stucker
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Head And Neck

Issues of geriatric otolaryngologic emergency have not been widely applied despite increase in geriatric population. (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waheed Atilade Adegbiji ◽  
Shuaib Kayode Aremu ◽  
AbdulAkeem Adebayo Aluko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Foreign Body Impaction ◽  
Nose And Throat

BACKGROUND Issues of geriatric otolaryngologic emergency have not been widely applied despite increase in geriatric population. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at determining prevalence, sociodemographic features, aetiology, clinical features, Complications and sources ofreferral of geriatric otorhinolaryngological, head and neck emergency in our center. METHODS This was a prospective hospital based study of geriatric otorhinolaryngology emergency in the Ear, Nose and Throat Department of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital. The study was carried out between October 2016 and September 2018. Data were obtained by using pretested interviewers questionnaire.All data were collated and analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. The data were expressed by frequency table, percentage, bar charts and pie charts. RESULTS Geriatric otorhinolaryngology, head and neck emergency accounted for 5.3%. Major prevalence age group was 43.9% in the age group (60-64). There were 38.6% males with male to female ratio of 1:1.5. The main aetiology of geriatric otorhinolaryngology emergency was 29.5% trauma/road traffic accident/foreign body impaction and 25.8% tumour. Main anatomical distribution of geriatric otorhinolaryngology emergency were 38.6% throat diseases and 31.1% ear diseases. The most frequent clinical features were pain in 27.3%, hearing loss in 21.2%, tinnitus in 15.9%, bleeding in 14.4%, difficulty breathing in 12.9% and discharge in 11.4%. Common diagnosis in this study were 15.9% sinonasal tumour, 14.4% upper aerodigestive foreign body impaction, 10.6% earwax impaction and 19.8% otitis externa. Acute presentation (<13 weeks) occurred in 1 week in 74.2% and 2-13 weeks In 19.7%. Commonest time of presentation was daytime in 65.9%. Major sources of referral were 43.2% general practitioner and 31.1% casualty officers. Presentation of geriatric otorhinolaryngology emergency were mainly ear, nose and throat clinic in 59.8% with accident and emergency in 28.8%. Commonest associated comorbid illnesses among the geriatric patients were 18.2% hypertension, 14.4% arthritis and 9.8% diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Geriatric otorhinolaryngological emergency are common pathology with associated with comorbid illnesses. Detailed clinical assessment are mandatory for effective management outcome.

scholarly journals The Impact of Alkaloid-Producing Epichloë Endophyte on Forage Ryegrass Breeding: A New Zealand Perspective

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Colin Eady
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

For 30 years, forage ryegrass breeding has known that the germplasm may contain a maternally inherited symbiotic Epichloë endophyte. These endophytes produce a suite of secondary alkaloid compounds, dependent upon strain. Many produce ergot and other alkaloids, which are associated with both insect deterrence and livestock health issues. The levels of alkaloids and other endophyte characteristics are influenced by strain, host germplasm, and environmental conditions. Some strains in the right host germplasm can confer an advantage over biotic and abiotic stressors, thus acting as a maternally inherited desirable ‘trait’. Through seed production, these mutualistic endophytes do not transmit into 100% of the crop seed and are less vigorous than the grass seed itself. This causes stability and longevity issues for seed production and storage should the ‘trait’ be desired in the germplasm. This makes understanding the precise nature of the relationship vitally important to the plant breeder. These Epichloë endophytes cannot be ‘bred’ in the conventional sense, as they are asexual. Instead, the breeder may modulate endophyte characteristics through selection of host germplasm, a sort of breeding by proxy. This article explores, from a forage seed company perspective, the issues that endophyte characteristics and breeding them by proxy have on ryegrass breeding, and outlines the methods used to assess the ‘trait’, and the application of these through the breeding, production, and deployment processes. Finally, this article investigates opportunities for enhancing the utilisation of alkaloid-producing endophytes within pastures, with a focus on balancing alkaloid levels to further enhance pest deterrence and improving livestock outcomes.

scholarly journals Type 2 immunity induced by bladder extracellular matrix enhances corneal wound healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. eabe2635
Author(s):  
Xiaokun Wang ◽  
Liam Chung ◽  
Joshua Hooks ◽  
David R. Maestas ◽  
Andriana Lebid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing ◽  
Urinary Bladder Matrix ◽  
Incomplete Healing ◽  
Haze Formation

The avascular nature of cornea tissue limits its regenerative potential, which may lead to incomplete healing and formation of scars when damaged. Here, we applied micro- and ultrafine porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM) particulate to promote type 2 immune responses in cornea wounds. Results demonstrated that UBM particulate substantially reduced corneal haze formation as compared to the saline-treated group. Flow cytometry and gene expression analysis showed that UBM particulate suppressed the differentiation of corneal stromal cells into α-smooth muscle actin–positive (αSMA+) myofibroblasts. UBM treatments up-regulated interleukin-4 (IL-4) produced primarily by eosinophils in the wounded corneas and CD4+ T cells in draining lymph nodes, suggesting a cross-talk between local and peripheral immunity. Gata1−/− mice lacking eosinophils did not respond to UBM treatment and had impaired wound healing. In summary, stimulating type 2 immune responses in the wounded cornea can promote proregenerative environments that lead to improved wound healing for vision restoration.

scholarly journals Exosomal Vimentin from Adipocyte Progenitors Protects Fibroblasts against Osmotic Stress and Inhibits Apoptosis to Enhance Wound Healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4678
Author(s):  
Sepideh Parvanian ◽  
Hualian Zha ◽  
Dandan Su ◽  
Lifang Xi ◽  
Yaming Jiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Adipocyte Progenitors ◽  
Osmotic Balance ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Mechanical stress following injury regulates the quality and speed of wound healing. Improper mechanotransduction can lead to impaired wound healing and scar formation. Vimentin intermediate filaments control fibroblasts’ response to mechanical stress and lack of vimentin makes cells significantly vulnerable to environmental stress. We previously reported the involvement of exosomal vimentin in mediating wound healing. Here we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to explore the effect of wide-type and vimentin knockout exosomes in accelerating wound healing under osmotic stress condition. Our results showed that osmotic stress increases the size and enhances the release of exosomes. Furthermore, our findings revealed that exosomal vimentin enhances wound healing by protecting fibroblasts against osmotic stress and inhibiting stress-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that exosomes could be considered either as a stress modifier to restore the osmotic balance or as a conveyer of stress to induce osmotic stress-driven conditions.

scholarly journals A small molecule HIF-1α stabilizer that accelerates diabetic wound healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodong Li ◽  
Chung-Nga Ko ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Wanhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau ◽  
Design And Synthesis

AbstractImpaired wound healing and ulcer complications are a leading cause of death in diabetic patients. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of a cyclometalated iridium(III) metal complex 1a as a stabilizer of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). In vitro biophysical and cellular analyses demonstrate that this compound binds to Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) and inhibits the VHL–HIF-1α interaction. Furthermore, the compound accumulates HIF-1α levels in cellulo and activates HIF-1α mediated gene expression, including VEGF, GLUT1, and EPO. In in vivo mouse models, the compound significantly accelerates wound closure in both normal and diabetic mice, with a greater effect being observed in the diabetic group. We also demonstrate that HIF-1α driven genes related to wound healing (i.e. HSP-90, VEGFR-1, SDF-1, SCF, and Tie-2) are increased in the wound tissue of 1a-treated diabetic mice (including, db/db, HFD/STZ and STZ models). Our study demonstrates a small molecule stabilizer of HIF-1α as a promising therapeutic agent for wound healing, and, more importantly, validates the feasibility of treating diabetic wounds by blocking the VHL and HIF-1α interaction.

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