Issues of geriatric otolaryngologic emergency have not been widely applied despite increase in geriatric population. (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waheed Atilade Adegbiji ◽  
Shuaib Kayode Aremu ◽  
AbdulAkeem Adebayo Aluko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Foreign Body Impaction ◽  
Nose And Throat

BACKGROUND Issues of geriatric otolaryngologic emergency have not been widely applied despite increase in geriatric population. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at determining prevalence, sociodemographic features, aetiology, clinical features, Complications and sources ofreferral of geriatric otorhinolaryngological, head and neck emergency in our center. METHODS This was a prospective hospital based study of geriatric otorhinolaryngology emergency in the Ear, Nose and Throat Department of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital. The study was carried out between October 2016 and September 2018. Data were obtained by using pretested interviewers questionnaire.All data were collated and analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. The data were expressed by frequency table, percentage, bar charts and pie charts. RESULTS Geriatric otorhinolaryngology, head and neck emergency accounted for 5.3%. Major prevalence age group was 43.9% in the age group (60-64). There were 38.6% males with male to female ratio of 1:1.5. The main aetiology of geriatric otorhinolaryngology emergency was 29.5% trauma/road traffic accident/foreign body impaction and 25.8% tumour. Main anatomical distribution of geriatric otorhinolaryngology emergency were 38.6% throat diseases and 31.1% ear diseases. The most frequent clinical features were pain in 27.3%, hearing loss in 21.2%, tinnitus in 15.9%, bleeding in 14.4%, difficulty breathing in 12.9% and discharge in 11.4%. Common diagnosis in this study were 15.9% sinonasal tumour, 14.4% upper aerodigestive foreign body impaction, 10.6% earwax impaction and 19.8% otitis externa. Acute presentation (<13 weeks) occurred in 1 week in 74.2% and 2-13 weeks In 19.7%. Commonest time of presentation was daytime in 65.9%. Major sources of referral were 43.2% general practitioner and 31.1% casualty officers. Presentation of geriatric otorhinolaryngology emergency were mainly ear, nose and throat clinic in 59.8% with accident and emergency in 28.8%. Commonest associated comorbid illnesses among the geriatric patients were 18.2% hypertension, 14.4% arthritis and 9.8% diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Geriatric otorhinolaryngological emergency are common pathology with associated with comorbid illnesses. Detailed clinical assessment are mandatory for effective management outcome.

scholarly journals A RETROGRADE STUDY OF MYIASIS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Ayesha Goel ◽  
Ritu Nigam
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Intracranial Extension ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Female Ratio

Myiasis in head and neck region is a rare occurrence and is usually found in tropical countries like India. Poor hygiene, unsanitary living conditions, mental retardation, neglected wounds, diabetes mellitus and old age along with a warm and humid climate lay down a conducive environment for the larva of dipterous fly to infest humans. Maggots due to their tissue destructive properties can affect many regions in otolaryngorhinology like nasal cavity, ears, oral cavity, tracheostomy site ostoma, PNS, the skin and ulcerative lesions of head and neck. The burden of the disease lies in the fact that the complications range from minor tissue destruction, perforation of either the tympanic membrane, palate or septum, vertigo, angioedema to severe neurological manifestations, intracranial extension or rarely even death. Objective: To assess the commonly affected age group and gender infested by myiasis, it’s seasonal trend, socioeconomic status of the affected patients and the relationship of myiasis infestation with various predisposing factors. Methodology: Retrograde study was conducted on 95 patients of department of otorhinolaryngology. The study was done from January 2015 to October 2018 by collecting data of 3 years 10 months time interval and results tabulated. Ethical clearance was sort and patients consent obtained. Result: The most commonly affected age group was found to be elderly, in the 7th decade of life (56.84%). Females were more commonly affected than males consisting of 55 out of 95 cases (57.89%), with a male female ratio of 1:1.4. Majority of cases presented in the months of October-January, with a peak in November (32/95). Nasal myiasis was found to be more common (69 cases) in comparison to aural and oral cavity myiasis. The most common predisposing factor was found to be Atrophic Rhinitis in 66.7% cases. Conclusion : With awareness and improved personal hygiene a devastating disease like myiasis is easily preventable and curable.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile of the Head- Neck Pathologies in a Peripheral Referral Institute

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Ghosh ◽  
Tarak Nath Saha ◽  
Indranil Sen
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Head Neck

Introduction   Head and neck lesions encompass a multitude of disorders which can be broadly classified into two groups: Benign and Malignant. Overall 57.5% of global head and neck cancers comes from Asia itself and India alone constitutes 30% of it. Therefore, it is of prime essence that need based and coordinated research for understanding the threats to the nation from chronic diseases such as head and neck cancers and ways to defy such threats should gain the utmost importance. The present study attempts to present the epidemiological profile of the patients attending a peripheral referral institute of this state with head-neck pathologies and has undergone a histopathological examination of their lesions within a period of three years period (2016-18) based on the histopathological evidences. Materials and Methods The accumulated data regarding the aforesaid patients as per records of the histopathological reports available in the Department of Pathology was used as the primary material and the interrelation of different epidemiological parameters were studied using the statistical methods Results Six hundred and eighty seven cases from the head and neck region were analysed during this three-year period. Age range was from 3 years to 96 years with maximum cases in the age group of 20-29 years (16.1%). The Male: Female ratio in our study was 1.34:1 (Males 394, Females 293). In this study, 38.8% benign, 32.46% malignant, 25.32% inflammatory and 3.3% congenital cases were recorded. Maximum number of benign lesions was in the age group of 10-39 years. Malignancies were noted to be higher in ages 40 years and above. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignancy observed. Conclusion  Specific data obtained like this from histopathological records is helpful in evaluating patterns of head and neck lesions and augment the base line data of institute and the region.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF PRIMARY EXTRANODAL NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA: A RECORD BASE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Bipin Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Common Group

INTRODUCTION: Lesions in head and neck have always been a diagnostic dilemma for a pathologist and a treating clinician. Being on the exposed part of body, they become cosmetically unacceptable. These include lesions arising from the regional group of lymph nodes. Most commonly lymphadenopathy is a common clinical presentation. The diagnostic probability ranges from infections to developmental abnormalities, from inflammatory to malignant lesions. None the less all the lesions in lymph nodes of the head and neck region cannot be limited to a particular age group and gender. Routine staining procedures like PAP, Giemsa, Field and even H & E has been used to clinch the pathogenesis of the lesion. It can be said without any fear of contradiction that FNAC is certainly a very important tool for an early diagnosis of not only head and neck lesions but also other lesions elsewhere in the body. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a comparative study which was conducted in the department of pathology. The patients were subjected to detailed history and thorough clinical examination according to the working proforma. Patients were subjected to FNAC after written informed concent. The slides were stained using PAP, Giemsa and H&E stain and examined for underlying pathology. A detailed gross examination was done and 3-15 sections were selected from the representative areas for routine paraffin sections.  RESULTS: Amongst the total of 296 patients aspirated, 127 were from Lymph Nodes of head and neck region. Cervicallymph nodes were the most common group of lymph nodes aspirated, followed by submandibular and submental lymph nodes. Age wise tabulation shows maximum frequency of inflammatory lesions at younger age, of  which reactive hyperplasia was more common in pediatric age group and tuberculous lesions were more common in 20-40years of age. CONCLUSION: Cervical lymph nodes were the most common group of lymph nodes aspirated, followed by submandibular and submental lymph nodes. Reactive lymphadenitis is the most frequent diagnosis amongst the lymph node lesions and tuberculous lesions was the second most common diagnosis amongst all the lymph node lesions. 35 cases out of 127, as tuberculous lymphadenitis. Histopathology correlation could be done in 36 cases, of which 32 were found be correctly diagnosed in cytology.

scholarly journals Unusual foreign bodies in nose and throat

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Gaveshani Mantri ◽  
Monalisa Patsani ◽  
Jayakrishnan Menon U. ◽  
Subrat Kumar Behera
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Unusual Foreign Body ◽  
First Case ◽  
Surgical Emergencies ◽  
Foreign Body Impaction ◽  
Nose And Throat

<p>Ear, nose and throat practice presents the surgeons with an amazing variety of foreign bodies to deal with, some of them are truly unusual.They may be inert, hygrophilic or corrosive. Foreign body impaction in ear,nose and throat is among the medical-surgical emergencies of otorhinolaryngological practice. Some foreign bodies have been well documented among the objects that normally get impacted in ear,nose and throat.</p><p>Here we present  two unusual  cases that happened to be managed in our institution. First case was of a patient who came with an unusual foreign body lodged in the nose and nasopharynx and the second  case  was of a migrating foreign body in throat. The main aim and objective of these case reports is to highlight on unusual foreign bodies  and their management .These foreign bodies were never found to have been reported previously in our review of literature.</p>

scholarly journals Study of Cytodiagnosis of Head and Neck Neoplastic Lesions and Comparison with Histopathology

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Maniyar U Amit ◽  
Harshid Laxmanbhai Patel ◽  
BH Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Neoplastic Lesion ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions

ABSTRACT Introduction The development of aspiration cytology is one of the biggest advances in anatomic pathology. Cancer has become one of the 10 leading causes of death in India. Head and neck neoplasia is a major form of cancer in India, accounting for 23% of all cancers in males and 6% in females. The advantages of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are: it is safe, sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of malignancy, gives a rapid report, requires little equipment, causes minimal discomfort to the patient, is an out patient procedure, repeatable and cost effective avoids the use of frozen section, reduces the rate of exploratory procedures and allows a definitive diagnosis of inoperable cases. FNAC is of particular relevance in head and neck lesions because of easy assessibility, excellent patient compliance, minimally invasive nature of procedure and helping to avoid surgery in non-neoplastic lesions, inflammatory conditions and also some tumors. Aims and objectives To test the utility of FNAC, to establish the diagnostic accuracy of cytology by comparison with histopathology diagnosis and to establish the sensitivity and specificity of this technique in head and neck neoplastic lesion. Materials and methods The present study was undertaken in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Nashik, between January 2008 and June 2009. Results In the present study, maximum number of aspirates from head and neck neoplastic lesions were found to be of lymph nodes (56.37%). Of the total 378 cases, 71.69% were malignant. 6th decade was the most common age group affected (26.46%). Mean age group was found to be 45.84 years. Males were more commonly affected (65.34%). The male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Out of 92 cases available for follow-up, 85.87% of the cases were same as histopathological diagnosis. Summary and conclusion Excisional biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis of head and neck neoplastic lesion, cytological study can establish the diagnosis of the majority of head and neck neoplastic lesions and can be recommended as an adjunct to histopathology. How to cite this article Amit MU, Patel HL, Parmar BH. Study of Cytodiagnosis of Head and Neck Neoplastic Lesions and Comparison with Histopathology. Int J Head Neck Surg 2013; 4(3):119-122.

scholarly journals Management of Otological Foreign Bodies Impaction in Tertiary Health Care Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waheed Atilade Adegbiji ◽  
Shuaib Kayode Aremu ◽  
AbdulAkeem A. Aluko ◽  
Olawale Olubi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
External Canal ◽  
Foreign Body Impaction ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Otologic foreign body impaction are common ear disorder with an associated challenge due to high levels with of pre-hospital unskilled attempted removal. Aim: This study aimed at determining the prevalence, socio-demographic features, etiology, clinical presentation, management and outcome in a tertiary health care center in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective hospital-based study of all patients with an impacted otologic foreign body. Consented patients were studied between October 2015 and September 2017. The interviewer-assisted questionnaire was used to collect data. Analysis of obtained data was done SPSS version 16.0. Results: Prevalence of otologic foreign body impaction was 4.5%. There were 58.5% males with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. The main type of ear foreign body impaction was 85.2% organic (living or dead) and 14.8% inorganic. Commonest otologic foreign body were a cotton bud, insects and seeds in 38.5%, 17.0% and 11.9% respectively. The foreign body was unilateral in 97.0% and bilateral in 3.0%. Left ear in 42.2% and right ear in 54.8%. The foreign body was in the external canal in 97.8% and middle ear cleft in 2.2%. Main sources of referral were self-reporting in 30.4% and general practitioners in 22.2%. Commonest predisposing factors were 31.1% allergy, 23.7% otitis externa, 15.6% earwax and 3.0% mental disorders. Conclusion: There are the different type of otology foreign body in all age group and associated predisposing factors. Pre-hospital attempt removal by unskilled sympathizers and untrained health workers leads to avoidable complications.

scholarly journals Clinicoepidemiological Trends and Features of Epidermophyton floccosum Infections in Korea: Between Year 1998~2007 and 2008~2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Kyung Duck Park ◽  
Eun Hye Lee ◽  
Seon Hwa Lee ◽  
Nam Kyoung Ha ◽  
Yong Jun Bang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Tinea Unguium ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Male To Female

Background: The knowledge of the clinical features and changing epidemiology of dermatophytes helps in better managing them. Objective: This study investigated the recent epidemiologic characters of Epidermophyton floccosum from January 2008 to December 2019 and attempted to compare these with previous studies. Methods: The current study included 57 patients who visited our clinic and were diagnosed with E. floccosum infection through fungal culture between January 2008 and December 2019. Data on the date of visit, gender, age at onset, and site of infection were collected through a review of medical charts and were compared with previously reported studies. Results: The frequency of isolation of E. floccosum decreased gradually, and the infections caused by E. floccosum were 33 cases of tinea cruris, 20 of tinea pedis, and 2 each of tinea corporis and tinea unguium. The male to female ratio was 10.4:1, and most infections occurred in the 10~29 year age group. Conclusion: E. floccosum infections in Korea have been decreasing rapidly since 1987. However, the clinical features of E. floccosum infections remained unchanged even at a low incidence.

scholarly journals Fine needle aspiration cytology of cystic lesions of head and neck

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1360-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Bhattarai ◽  
Akanksha Kushwah
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Epidermal Cyst ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Background: Many non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions are encountered as cystic lesions of head and neck depending on the patient’s age and anatomical site. Value of FNAC in preoperative diagnosis of these lesions has been established in various study.Materials and Methods: The study was performed in 333 patients that presented as cystic lesions of head and neck at Department of Pathology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal from July 2013 to June 2014.RESULTS: Cystic lesions in head and neck accounted for 11.35% of all FNACs. The median age of the patients was 31 years and the majority of the patients were in the age group of 21-30 years with slight female predilection. Lateral neck was the most common site with lymph node (31.9%) the most common organ of involvement. Tuberculous lymphadenitis was the most common diagnosis with 21% of cases, followed by colloid goiter with cystic change and epidermal cyst. Pus was the most common aspiration finding. Sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in diagnosing malignancy was 83.3% and 100% respectivelyCONCLUSION: A significant number and wide variety of lesions present as cystic lesions of head and neck. FNAC is useful and cost effective tool to classify, diagnose and rule out malignancy in these cases.

scholarly journals Ear Foreign Body: A Study of 148 Cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Jahangir Alam Mazumder ◽  
Rafiqul Islam Sarker ◽  
AHM Delwar ◽  
Kamrunnahar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Of Presentation

Ear foreign body is a common ENT emergency and a challenge also to otolaryngologist worldwide. Prompt and appropriate management of it can reduce the morbidity. An observational retrospective study of 148 cases of foreign body in the ear done in Comilla Medical College Hospital and two upazilla health complexes (Nangalkot and Chowddagram) of Bangladesh within the period of January 2014 to December 2014 to evaluate the nature, mode of presentation, technique of removal and outcome of it. Data were collected from hospital records including age, sex of patient and mode and time of presentation, nature of foreign body, management outcome and complication, and the result showed that children o funder 15 year age group were mostly affected (60%), among them highest incidence were in 5-10 year age group (25%) with male to female ratio 1:1.28. The most common foreign body was the seeds of various vegetables (25.67%) followed by plastic beads (18.24%) and cotton bud (15.54%), the right ear affected more (54%). Almost half of them (47.97%) presented with history of insertion of a foreign body and most of them (91.98%) were removed in OPD or emergency department under direct vision and remaining required general anesthesia. Despite a high proportion of cases managed in the office setting, complication rates were within acceptable level. It is inversely proportional to the skill of the personnel, number of attempts &availability of equipment. Key to successful outcome are prompt help by well-trained doctor and otolaryngological equipment set up.Medicine Today 2017 Vol.29(2): 5-8

scholarly journals Postinfective Glomerulonephritis (PIGN) in Children Attending a Tertiary Care Centre in Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
DR Poudel ◽  
S Basnet ◽  
FC Gami
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Past History ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Pedal Oedema ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pedal Edema

Introduction: Post infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) is one of the common paediatric kidney disease in developing countries. This study was undertaken to describe the common clinical features, biochemical findings and complications in children with PIGN. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study in which 30 patients admitted with a diagnosis of PIGN at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) in a six month period (July 2014 to Dec 2014) were included. Hospital medical records were reviewed for the data collection. Results: Out of 30 patients, 24 (80%) were between 5 to 15 years of age (mean age of 11.5±3.3) with male to female ratio of 2.3:1. Pedal oedema and hypertension were the clinical features seen in 29 (97%) and 28 (93%) patients respectively. Hypocomplementemia was found in 29 (97%) patients. Recent past history of sore throat seen in 10 (33%) patients and skin lesions in 12 (40%). The complications noted were congestive cardiac failure in 5 (17%) patients, rapidly proliferative glomerulonephritis in 3 (10%) and encephalopathy in 1(3%). Conclusion: The most important clinical and biochemical profile observed in nepalese children with PIGN are the hypertension, pedal edema and hypocomplementemia. J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(3):221-224 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i3.10707  

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