scholarly journals Toward a systematic conflict resolution framework for ontologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Maria Keet ◽  
Rolf Grütter
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Ontology Development ◽  
Subject Domain ◽  
Ontology Alignment ◽  
Cardinality Constraint ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Object Property ◽  
Property Versus

Abstract Background The ontology authoring step in ontology development involves having to make choices about what subject domain knowledge to include. This may concern sorting out ontological differences and making choices between conflicting axioms due to limitations in the logic or the subject domain semantics. Examples are dealing with different foundational ontologies in ontology alignment and OWL 2 DL’s transitive object property versus a qualified cardinality constraint. Such conflicts have to be resolved somehow. However, only isolated and fragmented guidance for doing so is available, which therefore results in ad hoc decision-making that may not be the best choice or forgotten about later. Results This work aims to address this by taking steps towards a framework to deal with the various types of modeling conflicts through meaning negotiation and conflict resolution in a systematic way. It proposes an initial library of common conflicts, a conflict set, typical steps toward resolution, and the software availability and requirements needed for it. The approach was evaluated with an actual case of domain knowledge usage in the context of epizootic disease outbreak, being avian influenza, and running examples with COVID-19 ontologies. Conclusions The evaluation demonstrated the potential and feasibility of a conflict resolution framework for ontologies.

scholarly journals La tecnología habla-texto como herramienta de documentación para intérpretes: Nuevo método para compilar un corpus ad hoc y extraer terminología a partir de discursos orales en vídeo

2020 ◽  
pp. 263-281
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Gaber ◽  
Gloria Corpas Pastor ◽  
Ahmed Omer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Automatic Speech Recognition ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Documentation Tool

Although interpreting has not yet benefited from technology as much as its sister field, translation, interest in developing tailor-made solutions for interpreters has risen sharply in recent years. In particular, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is being used as a central component of Computer-Assisted Interpreting (CAI) tools, either bundled or standalone. This study pursues three main aims: (i) to establish the most suitable ASR application for building ad hoc corpora by comparing several ASR tools and assessing their performance; (ii) to use ASR in order to extract terminology from the transcriptions obtained from video-recorded speeches, in this case talks on climate change and adaptation; and (iii) to promote the adoption of ASR as a new documentation tool among interpreters. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to explore the possibility of Speech-to-Text (S2T) technology for meeting the preparatory needs of interpreters as regards terminology and background/domain knowledge.

An eco asset ontology towards effective eco asset management

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehan Zeb
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
Effective Integration ◽  
Common Understanding

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an ontology of eco or natural assets to represent eco asset knowledge at two levels: eco asset metal model and eco asset ontology (EA_Onto). The three objectives of this paper are to: define eco assets explicitly to reach a common understanding of the terms; evaluate the ontology; and discuss a potential area of application. Design/methodology/approach A seven-step methodology was used to develop the proposed ontology: define the scope; develop the eco asset meta model (EA_MM), define taxonomy, code ontology, capture ontology, evaluate ontology and document ontology. Findings The EA_MM was developed to represent eco asset domain knowledge, which was further extended to develop the EA_Onto, explicitly defining the eco asset knowledge in asset management. As a part of evaluation, it was found that the knowledge representation is consistent, concise, clear, complete and correct. Practical implications Theoretically, the proposed ontology is a significant contribution to the body of knowledge in asset management. Practically, the knowledge representation provides a common understanding of eco assets for asset management experts. In addition, it will be used in applications for effective eco asset management. Originality/value The current literature lacks explicit declaration of eco assets, how they are related to built environment for effective integration and how asset management functions are to be applied to accomplish effective eco asset management. Presently, eco assets are managed on an ad hoc basis, which need to be explicitly defined through developing an EA_Onto for implementation in applications for effective eco asset management.

Ontologies application in the sharing economy domain: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ummul Hanan Mohamad ◽  
Mohammad Nazir Ahmad ◽  
Ahmad Mujahid Ubaidillah Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Ontology Development ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Application Ontology ◽  
Data Heterogeneity

PurposeThis systematic literature review (SLR) paper presents the overview and analysis of the existing ontologies application in the SE domain. It discusses the main challenges in terms of its ontologies development and highlights the key knowledge areas for subdomains in the SE domain that provides a direction to develop ontologies application for SE systematically. The SE is not as straightforward as the traditional economy. It transforms the existing economy ecosystem through peer-to-peer collaborations mediated by the technology. Hence, the complexity of the SE domain accentuates the need to make the SE domain knowledge more explicit.Design/methodology/approachFor the review, the authors only focus on the journal articles published from 2010 to 2020 and mentioned ontology as a solution to overcome the issues specific for the SE domain. The initial identification process produced 3,326 papers from 10 different databases.FindingsAfter applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a final set of 11 articles were then analyzed and classified. In SE, good ontology design and development is essential to manage digital platforms, deal with data heterogeneity and govern the interoperability of the SE systems. Yet the preference to build an application ontology, lack of perdurant design and minimal use of the existing standard for building SE common knowledge are deterring the ontology development in this domain. From this review, an anatomy of the SE key subdomain areas is visualized as a reference to further develop the domain ontology for the SE domain systematically.Originality/valueWith the arrival of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), the sharing economy (SE) has become one of the important domains whose impact has been explosive, and its domain knowledge is complex. Yet, a comprehensive overview and analysis of the ontology applications in the SE domain is not available or well presented to the research community.

HOD2MLC

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishi Kanth Saripalle ◽  
Steven A. Demurjian ◽  
Michael Blechner ◽  
Thomas Agresta
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Ontology Development ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
Ontology Design ◽  
Proper Perspective ◽  
Agile Software ◽  
Development Alternatives ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Ontologies have gained increasing usage to augment an application with domain knowledge, particularly in healthcare, where they represent knowledge ranging from: bioinformatics data such as protein, gene, etc. to biomedical informatics such as diseases, diagnosis, symptoms, etc. However, the current ontology development efforts and process are data intensive and construction based, creating ontologies for specific applications/requirements, rather than designing an abstract ontological solution(s) that can be reusable across the domain using a well-defined design process. To address this deficiency, the work presented herein positions ontologies as software engineering artifact that allows them to be placed into the position to share the captured domain conceptualization and its vocabulary involving disparate domain backgrounds, that can then be created, imported, exported and re-used using different frameworks, tools and techniques. Towards this end, the authors propose an agile software process for ontologies referred to as the Hybrid Ontology Design & Development Model with Lifecycle,HOD2MLC. To place HOD2MLC into a proper perspective, they explore, compare, and contrast it to existing ontology design and development alternatives with respect their various phases as related to the authors' work and phases in varied SDP models.

scholarly journals Harnessing Cyc to Answer Clinical Researchers' Ad Hoc Queries

AI Magazine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Lenat ◽  
Michael Witbrock ◽  
David Baxter ◽  
Eugene Blackstone ◽  
Chris Deaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cleveland Clinic ◽  
Cleveland Clinic Foundation ◽  
Text Search ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Higher Order Logic ◽  
Clinic Foundation ◽  
Standard Text ◽  
Text Searching

By extending Cyc’s ontology and KB approximately 2%, Cycorp and Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF) have built a system to answer clinical researchers’ ad hoc queries. The query may be long and complex, hence only partially understood at first, parsed into a set of CycL (higher-order logic) fragments with open variables. But, surprisingly often, after applying various constraints (medical domain knowledge, common sense, discourse pragmatics, syntax), there is only one single way to fit those fragments together, one semantically meaningful formal query P. The system, SRA (for Semantic Research Assistant), dispatches a series of database calls and then combines, logically and arithmetically, their results into answers to P. Seeing the first few answers stream back, the user may realize that they need to abort, modify, and re-ask their query. Even before they push ASK, just knowing approximately how many answers would be returned can spark such editing. Besides real-time ad hoc query-answering, queries can be bundled and persist over time. One bundle of 275 queries is rerun quarterly by CCF to produce the procedures and outcomes data it needs to report to STS (Society of Thoracic Surgeons, an external hospital accreditation and ranking body); another bundle covers ACC (American College of Cardiology) reporting. Until full articulation/answering of precise, analytical queries becomes as straight-forward and ubiquitous as text search, even partial understanding of a query empowers semantic search over semi-structured data (ontology-tagged text), avoiding many of the false positives and false negatives that standard text searching suffers from.

Methodology of Creating Ontology of Information Science (OIS)

2017 ◽  
pp. 510-517
Author(s):  
Ahlam F. Sawsaa ◽  
Joan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Ontology Development ◽  
Theoretical Base ◽  
Engineering Knowledge ◽  
Virtual Communities Of Practice

In the previous chapter we have discussed the main fields related to the research: ontological engineering, knowledge management, and Virtual communities of practice. As stated before, our concern is representing domain knowledge by creating OIS ontology. After reviewing the ontology literature to find an appropriate theoretical perspective focusing on the content-related variables for theoretical model construction, we found that theories can help to define formal ontological properties that contribute to characterising the concepts. Meanwhile, ontologists nowadays have a choice of formal frameworks which derive from formal logic, algebra, category theory, set theory and Mereotopology. However, to gain a better understand of OIS ontology development and its role in semantic web, the framework is established to describe the main theoretical base. The theoretical base of our framework is based on ontology theoretic.

scholarly journals A Framework for Evaluating Agricultural Ontologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6387
Author(s):  
Anat Goldstein ◽  
Lior Fink ◽  
Gilad Ravid
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Ontology Development ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Selection Of

An ontology is a formal representation of domain knowledge, which can be interpreted by machines. In recent years, ontologies have become a major tool for domain knowledge representation and a core component of many knowledge management systems, decision-support systems and other intelligent systems, inter alia, in the context of agriculture. A review of the existing literature on agricultural ontologies, however, reveals that most of the studies, which propose agricultural ontologies, are lacking an explicit evaluation procedure. This is undesired because without well-structured evaluation processes, it is difficult to consider the value of ontologies to research and practice. Moreover, it is difficult to rely on such ontologies and share them on the Semantic Web or between semantic-aware applications. With the growing number of ontology-based agricultural systems and the increasing popularity of the Semantic Web, it becomes essential that such evaluation methods are applied during the ontology development process. Our work contributes to the literature on agricultural ontologies by presenting a framework that guides the selection of suitable evaluation methods, which seems to be missing from most existing studies on agricultural ontologies. The framework supports the matching of appropriate evaluation methods for a given ontology based on the ontology’s purpose.

scholarly journals The Process of Conflict Resolution in Public Project Disputes: Analysis by Settlement Methods

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-170
Author(s):  
Kim Hun Min
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Public Project ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Selection For

This study examines thirteen recent public dispute cases in Korea with the objective of analyzing the process of conflict resolution and thereby assessing the role of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in public disputes. The focus is on dispute cases related to development of, or site selection for, public projects. Based on detailed accounts of events, the nature of the conflict, parties involved, pattern of actions taken, and final outcomes are analyzed. Only five cases were settled by ADR methods, indicating that ADR is rather ineffective in public conflicts. ADR seems to work better in locally confined, structured conflicts where participatory processes are used. An identifiable pattern in attempts at ADR is that ad-hoc committees are formed but often fail to reach agreement or are seen as lacking legitimacy, authority, and impartiality. Policy implications drawn from this study are that a higher priority should be given to developing community-based conflict resolution programs, that ADR should be incorporated into local government regulations to acquire greater legitimacy, and that conflict prevention procedures are a prerequisite for the success of conflict resolution programs.

scholarly journals Semantic Attachments for HTN Planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (06) ◽  
pp. 9933-9940
Author(s):  
Maurício Cecílio Magnaguagno ◽  
Felipe Meneguzzi
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
The State ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
Htn Planning ◽  
Task Networks ◽  
Expensive Process

Hierarchical Task Networks (HTN) planning uses a decomposition process guided by domain knowledge to guide search towards a planning task. While many HTN planners allow calls to external processes (e.g. to a simulator interface) during the decomposition process, this is a computationally expensive process, so planner implementations often use such calls in an ad-hoc way using very specialized domain knowledge to limit the number of calls. Conversely, the classical planners that are capable of using external calls (often called semantic attachments) during planning are limited to generating a fixed number of ground operators at problem grounding time. We formalize Semantic Attachments for HTN planning using semi coroutines, allowing such procedurally defined predicates to link the planning process to custom unifications outside of the planner, such as numerical results from a robotics simulator. The resulting planner then uses such coroutines as part of its backtracking mechanism to search through parallel dimensions of the state-space (e.g. through numeric variables). We show empirically that our planner outperforms the state-of-the-art numeric planners in a number of domains using minimal extra domain knowledge.

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