scholarly journals Interventions for adolescent alcohol consumption in Africa: protocol for a scoping review including an overview of reviews

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice M. Biggane ◽  
Eleanor Briegal ◽  
Angela Obasi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adolescent Alcohol ◽  
Cochrane Database

Abstract Background Harmful alcohol use is a leading risk to the health of populations worldwide. Within Africa, where most consumers are adolescents, alcohol use represents a key public health challenge. Interventions to prevent or substantially delay alcohol uptake and decrease alcohol consumption in adolescence could significantly decrease morbidity and mortality, through both immediate effects and future improved adult outcomes. In Africa, these interventions are urgently needed; however, key data necessary to develop them are lacking as most evidence to date relates to high-income countries. The purpose of this review is to examine and map the range of interventions in use and create an evidence base for future research in this area. Methods In the first instance, we will conduct a review of systematic reviews relevant to global adolescent alcohol interventions. We will search the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, Web of Science, Global Health and PubMed using a broad search. In the second instance we will conduct a scoping review by drawing on the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. We will search for all study designs and grey literature using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, Web of Science and Global Health, Google searches and searches in websites of relevant professional bodies and charities. An iterative approach to charting, collating, summarising and reporting the data will be taken, with the development of charting forms and the final presentation of results led by the extracted data. In both instances, the inclusion and exclusion criteria have been pre-defined, and two reviewers will independently screen abstracts and full text to determine eligibility of articles. Discussion It is anticipated that our findings will map intervention strategies aiming to reduce adolescent alcohol consumption in Africa. These findings are likely to be useful in informing future research, policy and public health strategies. Findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publication and in various media, for example, conferences, congresses or symposia. Protocol Registration This protocol was submitted to the Open Science Framework on May 03, 2021. www.osf.io/qnvba

scholarly journals Adolescent alcohol consumption: protocol for a scoping review of screening and assessment tools used in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Briegal ◽  
Alice M. Biggane ◽  
Angela I. Obasi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adolescent Alcohol

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption is a key public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, which has the highest burden of alcohol attributable injury and disease of any region. Excess alcohol use is particularly harmful for adolescents and has been associated with neurocognitive defects and social and emotional problems. Effective screening and assessment tools are necessary to implement, evaluate and monitor interventions to prevent and decrease adolescent alcohol use. Most of these tools have been used among adolescent groups in high income settings; data on their effectiveness in Africa, where much alcohol use is unregulated, is limited. This scoping review will examine and map the range of tools in use and create an evidence base for future research in adolescent alcohol prevention and control in Africa. Methods The review will include all relevant study designs and grey literature. Inclusion and exclusion criteria have been designed using the Population – Concept – Context framework, and two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and then full text to determine eligibility of articles. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Global Health data bases will be searched for peer reviewed publications. The search strategy for grey literature will include Google searches and searches in websites of pertinent professional bodies and charities. The methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and adaptations by the Joanna Briggs Institute and Levac et al. will be used. An iterative approach to charting, collating, summarising and reporting the data will be taken, with the development of charting forms and the final presentation of results led by the extracted data. Results This scoping review protocol describes a secondary analysis of data already collected to explore and map alcohol consumption measurement tools in adolescents in Africa. Conclusions It is anticipated that our findings will provide an evidence base surrounding tools used to measure adolescent alcohol consumption in Africa. These findings are likely to be useful in informing future research, policy and public health strategies. Findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publication and in various media, for example, conferences, congresses or symposia. Systematic review registration Scoping Review Registration: Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/bjhgw/)

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence for good health: a scoping review of the ethics literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Murphy ◽  
Erica Di Ruggiero ◽  
Ross Upshur ◽  
Donald J. Willison ◽  
Neha Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Ethical Implications

Abstract Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as the “fourth industrial revolution” with transformative and global implications, including in healthcare, public health, and global health. AI approaches hold promise for improving health systems worldwide, as well as individual and population health outcomes. While AI may have potential for advancing health equity within and between countries, we must consider the ethical implications of its deployment in order to mitigate its potential harms, particularly for the most vulnerable. This scoping review addresses the following question: What ethical issues have been identified in relation to AI in the field of health, including from a global health perspective? Methods Eight electronic databases were searched for peer reviewed and grey literature published before April 2018 using the concepts of health, ethics, and AI, and their related terms. Records were independently screened by two reviewers and were included if they reported on AI in relation to health and ethics and were written in the English language. Data was charted on a piloted data charting form, and a descriptive and thematic analysis was performed. Results Upon reviewing 12,722 articles, 103 met the predetermined inclusion criteria. The literature was primarily focused on the ethics of AI in health care, particularly on carer robots, diagnostics, and precision medicine, but was largely silent on ethics of AI in public and population health. The literature highlighted a number of common ethical concerns related to privacy, trust, accountability and responsibility, and bias. Largely missing from the literature was the ethics of AI in global health, particularly in the context of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Conclusions The ethical issues surrounding AI in the field of health are both vast and complex. While AI holds the potential to improve health and health systems, our analysis suggests that its introduction should be approached with cautious optimism. The dearth of literature on the ethics of AI within LMICs, as well as in public health, also points to a critical need for further research into the ethical implications of AI within both global and public health, to ensure that its development and implementation is ethical for everyone, everywhere.

scholarly journals Exploring the use of workplaces to recruit “hard-to-reach” male drinkers to a survey on alcohol use and awareness of health messages

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dance ◽  
Charlotte Dack ◽  
Celia Lasheras ◽  
Cathy McMahon ◽  
Paul Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Recruitment Strategies ◽  
Public Health Messages ◽  
Alcohol Related Harm ◽  
Related Harm

Abstract Background Lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups, particularly lower SES males, are at greater risk of alcohol-related harm than higher SES groups, despite drinking at the same level or less. However, they are rarely recruited for research through typical recruitment strategies. Consequently, limited evidence exists on patterns of alcohol use and effectiveness of public health messages for these groups. Using workplaces to recruit male drinkers from lower SES backgrounds may provide a feasible and accessible approach to research participation and enable improved understanding of alcohol use, drinking motives and acceptance of alcohol-related public health messages in this underrepresented and high-risk group. We investigated workplace-based strategies to recruit male drinkers from lower SES backgrounds. We also investigated their experiences and motivations for alcohol use, and acceptance of alcohol-related public health messages. Methods A feasibility element investigated the effectiveness of workplace-based strategies to recruit male drinkers from lower SES backgrounds in the south west of England. A pilot element investigated this population’s experiences and motivations for alcohol use, and acceptance of alcohol-related public health messages, through a mixed-methods survey. Results Feasibility results indicated that workplace-based recruitment strategies, including recruiting participants in person at their workplace and providing a financial incentive, effectively led to the recruitment of 84 male drinkers (70% recruitment rate), predominately from lower SES backgrounds, to a survey. Pilot results indicated that more than half of participants were at increasing risk of alcohol-related harm, and approximately one fifth engaged in weekly heavy episodic drinking. Participation in campaigns aimed at reducing alcohol use, and knowledge of government alcohol consumption guidelines, were low. Participants reported negative beliefs about alcohol including health effects, dependency and excess use, and financial and occupational effects. Positive beliefs about alcohol included relaxation, socialising, and enjoyment. Conclusions Workplace-based recruitment, using in-person recruitment and a financial incentive, may be a feasible strategy to recruit male drinkers from lower SES backgrounds. Pilot results may direct larger scale research aiming to understand alcohol use in this population and inform targeted public health messages. Workplace-based recruitment may represent a promising avenue for future research aiming to tackle inequalities in participation in alcohol research.

Unlocking Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in British Columbia Using Alcohol Sales Data: A Foundation for Public Health Monitoring

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 499-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott MacDonald ◽  
Jinhui Zhao ◽  
Basia Pakula ◽  
Tim Stockwell ◽  
Lorissa Martens
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sales Data ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Alcohol Sales

Alcohol sales data provide a more accurate indication of alcohol consumption than alternative methods such as population surveys. This information can be used to better understand epidemiological issues related to alcohol consumption, policy development and evaluation. Official sales records were collected for the 28 regional districts of British Columbia (BC) for 2002–2005, while homemade alcohol was estimated from survey data. Alcohol consumption rates were found to vary across geographic regions, by season, and with population level demographics. Government stores were the largest source of alcohol consumption in BC, accounting for 45.1% of total alcohol consumption in 2004. U-Brews/U-Vins accounted for 4.0%, private liquor stores accounted for 27.5% of the total, and homemade alcohol made up 4.3% of total alcohol consumption. Analysis also revealed that the average alcohol concentration in wines (12.53%) and coolers (6.77%) has been underestimated by Statistics Canada. The feasibility of developing this type of alcohol monitoring system is examined. Finally, implications for the development of targeted public health initiatives and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption by Older New York City Residents: The Need for New Policies to Address Misuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-454
Author(s):  
Daniel Weisz ◽  
Michael Kelley Gusmano
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
York City ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
New Public Health

Abstract Aims The aim of this study is to assess risk factors for alcohol misuse among older New York City residents and examine the effect of local public health efforts to address alcohol misuse. Methods The Community Health Survey, a cross-sectional telephone survey of 8500 randomly selected adult New Yorkers, records the frequency of alcohol use. We examine these results among 65 and older subjects by sociodemographic status using logistic regression modeling and compare trends in smoking and alcohol consumption between 2002 and 2016. Results Those with unhealthy drinking habits, combining binge drinking and excessive consumption, constituted 5.7% of 65 plus population and were more likely to be White, US born, healthy, better educated and wealthier. The percentage of older smokers in New York City has decreased while unhealthy drinking is nearly flat since 2002. Conclusions Our findings reinforce the importance of screening geriatric populations for alcohol use disorders and support the development of new public health efforts to address alcohol misuse if the city is to achieve results similar to those obtained in decreasing tobacco consumption.

scholarly journals Problemas de coagulação em adultos com síndroma respiratório agudo grave devido a infeção por coronavírus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): uma revisão abrangente

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-434
Author(s):  
Susana Pereira Costa ◽  
◽  
Inês Lopes Antunes ◽  
Ana Margarida Gomes ◽  
Cláudia Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objetivos: Resumir as informações publicadas acerca dos problemas de coagulação em adultos com SARS-CoV-2, incluindo características, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e resposta ao uso profilático ou terapêutico de anticoagulantes ou antiagregantes plaquetários. Métodos: Realizada uma revisão abrangente, de acordo com as guidelines Joanna Briggs Institute Guidelines on Scoping Reviews e Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Review guidelines (PRISMA-ScR). Efetuada pesquisa nas bases de dados MEDLINE®, SciELO® e Web of Science® entre 1 e 2 de maio de 2020. A seleção dos artigos foi dividida em etapas sequenciais considerando: título, resumo e artigo integral. Em cada etapa os artigos foram aceites ou rejeitados tendo em conta os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Foi feito o mapeamento dos dados e a evidência relevante foi sumarizada. Resultados: Após seleção obtiveram-se 106 artigos. Destes, 36 correspondiam a cartas, 28 a estudos originais, 25 a revisões e 14 a relatos de caso; uma meta-análise, um comentário e um consenso também foram incluídos. Os resultados mostraram associação entre COVID-19 e complicações trombóticas, embora com diferentes tipos de eventos e taxas de frequência. A tríade inflamação, disfunção endotelial e coagulopatia parecem estar subjacentes às alterações fisiopatológicas. As técnicas laboratoriais e de imagem podem ser úteis para uma intervenção adequada. A profilaxia com anticoagulantes parentéricos, preferencialmente heparina de baixo peso molecular (HBPM) em dose intermédia, entre as comummente utilizadas para profilaxia ou tratamento, está indicada em pacientes hospitalizados, especialmente com doença grave. Deve ser mantida por um período variável após a alta, dependendo do doente. A anticoagulação terapêutica parece não diferir de outras situações previamente conhecidas. Conclusões: Várias incertezas persistem na abordagem dos problemas da coagulação em pacientes com infeção por SARS-CoV-2. As informações existentes dizem respeito principalmente ao contexto hospitalar e têm origem em fontes pouco robustas. Assim, são necessários ensaios clínicos aleatorizados e controlados para sustentar as decisões clínicas em todos os estadios.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ALCOHOL USE BY POPULATION AND RELATED PROBLEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
V. B. Zamkevich ◽  
M. D. Diachuk ◽  
T. S. Gruzieva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Information System ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences

Introduction. The development of the public health system provides for the solution of the basic operational functions of public health, including surveillance and assessment of the state of health and well-being of the population, taking into account risks to public health.Given the importance of alcohol as a risk factor for the development of diseases, the study of its prevalence in the population, consumption patterns and health effects is an important public health problem. The aim of the study. To identify current trends in alcohol consumption and the associated risk factor for health damage in Ukraine and countries of the WHO European Region.Materials and methods. Bibliographic, medical, statistical and information-analytical methods were used in the study. The key  scientific base were the European Health for All Database, the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH) and the European Information System on Alcohol and Health (EISAH). Results. Significant differences were found in the prevalence of alcohol consumption by population in different regions of the world per capita per year, up to 16 times, with the highest rates in the WHO ER. Ukraine is characterized by high levels of alcohol consumption (8.6 liters) and negative tendencies for their growth during 1991-2016 by 45.8%. At the same time, in Ukraine the consumption of strong alcoholic drinks predominates, while in the countries of the European Union - wine and beer. The increase in alcohol consumption in Ukraine and the prevalence of strong drinks in the structure of consumed products (51.5%) is an unfavorable prognostic indicator and requires the adoption of preventive measures. The negative consequences of alcohol consumption are the prevalence of alcohol dependence (2.2%), alcohol-related disorders (6%), a significant proportion of deaths (20.5%) due to this risk factor in the overall structure of all deaths, etc. Significant is the contribution of alcohol to the formation of indicators of road traffic injuries, including those with a fatal outcome, crime rates, etc. Conclusions. Surveillance of the prevalence of alcohol use, patterns of consumption and assessment of alcohol-related public health problems is an important basis for determining directions, justification and taking countermeasures.

scholarly journals Protocolo de scoping review: auriculoterapia em crianças e adolescentes no âmbito da Atenção à Saúde

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. e77101724368
Author(s):  
Karla Adriana Ferreira Beckman ◽  
Marimeire Morais da Conceição ◽  
Denízia Maria Barberino Xavier Santos ◽  
Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Maria Fernandes Pitta
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Retrieval System ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Evidence Database

O objetivo deste estudo é mapear e analisar a produção científica acerca da auriculoterapia para crianças e adolescentes no âmbito da atenção à saúde. Para tanto, foi utilizada a estratégia PCC: (P) Participantes – Crianças e Adolescentes entre 6 e 12 anos (OMS); (C) conceito: auriculoterapia; e (C) Contexto: atenção integral à saúde, como recomendam estudiosos (Aromataris & Munn, 2020) . Que originou a seguinte questão: Quais as evidências na literatura científica sobre auriculoterapia para crianças e adolescentes no âmbito da atenção integral à saúde? Esta revisão de escopo considerará estudos originais, realizados exclusivamente com seres humanos, crianças com idade entre 6 e 12 anos incompletos, publicados na íntegra em periódicos nacionais e internacionais, gratuitos ou não, com abordagem qualitativa e/ou quantitativa, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Os estudos deverão abordar o uso da auriculoterapia na atenção à saúde. Assim, serão considerados os estudos com as variações de recursos da auriculoterapia (sementes de vaccaria, esferas magnéticas e cristais). As fontes indexadas que serão utilizadas para a revisão de escopo são: Medical Literature Anallysis and Retrieval System online (MEDLINE); Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS); Scientific Electronic Library online (SCIELO); as bases de dados Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDCR), a Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia (BBO), bem como a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde em Medicinas Tradicionais, Complementar e Integrativa (BVS MTCI), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde do Adolescente (ADOLEC) e Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Para pesquisar a literatura cinzenta, será consultada a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). As buscas nestas fontes indexadas serão realizadas no período entre fevereiro e março de 2022. Espera-se com esta revisão contribuir com o estado da arte acerca da produção e implementação de Práticas Integrativas Complementares.

Barriers to Help Seeking among Victims of Elder Abuse: A Scoping Review and Implications for Public Health Policy in Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Effective Assessment

Abstract Elder abuse is a serious public health concern requiring immediate intervention; however, the under-reporting of elder abuse by victims to formal and informal networks remains a major obstacle. This scoping review aims to identify barriers to help seeking that older adults experiencing abuse confront. The goal is to inform public policies and practices in the Canadian context and identify research gaps in the extant literature. Seven scholarly databases were searched from which 12 articles met the inclusion criteria and were extracted for analysis. The findings from this scoping review revealed three levels at which barriers exist: individual focused, abuser/family focused, and community/culture focused barriers. The results suggest that there are several complex obstacles that older adults face when contemplating disclosure of abuse. Future research into help seeking in the Canadian context should more readily incorporate the voices of elder abuse victim-survivors to develop effective assessment strategies and responsive service provisions.

scholarly journals The Effects of Cannabis Use on Cognitive Function in Healthy Aging: A Systematic Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Pocuca ◽  
T Jordan Walter ◽  
Arpi Minassian ◽  
Jared W Young ◽  
Mark A Geyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chronic Doses

Abstract Background Older adults (≥50 years) represent the fastest-growing population of people who use cannabis, potentially due to the increasing promotion of cannabis as medicine by dispensaries and cannabis websites. Given healthy aging and cannabis use are both associated with cognitive decline, it is important to establish the effects of cannabis on cognition in healthy aging. Objective This systematic scoping review used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines to critically examine the extent of literature on this topic and highlight areas for future research. Method A search of six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, and CINAHL) for articles published by September 2019, yielded 1,014 unique results. Results Six articles reported findings for older populations (three human and three rodent studies), highlighting the paucity of research in this area. Human studies revealed largely null results, likely due to several methodological limitations. Better-controlled rodent studies indicate that the relationship between ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cognitive function in healthy aging depends on age and level of THC exposure. Extremely low doses of THC improved cognition in very old rodents. Somewhat higher chronic doses improved cognition in moderately aged rodents. No studies examined the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) or high-CBD cannabis on cognition. Conclusions This systematic scoping review provides crucial, timely direction for future research on this emerging issue. Future research that combines neuroimaging and cognitive assessment would serve to advance understanding of the effects of age and quantity of THC and CBD on cognition in healthy aging.

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