scholarly journals The influence of changing reward of electronic consumer goods on burglary and theft offences in Western market-based countries in the years prior to and during the crime drop

Crime Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Quinn ◽  
Joseph Clare

AbstractIt is widely recognised that burglary and theft offence trends have broadly moved in parallel in ‘Western’ market-based countries since the 1950s. Most researchers have focussed on the trend from the early 1990s onwards, when burglary and theft offence rates plummeted. One major proposed explanation for this trend, relates to improved security. This paper draws on the longitudinal variations in reward of electronic consumer goods to propose a complementary account. This argument is supported by criminological theory, empirical evidence, and historical trends of specific property crime offences. The paper concludes by explaining that reward and security operate in partnership to influence the opportunity for crime, which provides an optimal account for burglary and theft offence trends over the last 40 years.

Author(s):  
Serguei Kaniovski

Within the past seventy years, citizens have cast some twenty-seven billion votes in national elections across the world. This impressive figure would likely double if votes cast in local elections and referenda were included. Electoral participation is a mass phenomenon. However, what exactly motivates people to vote? The question of why people vote has been at the center of positivist political theory. Political scientists and economists have devised numerous theories for why people may or may not vote, in addition to gathering an impressive amount of empirical evidence on the determinants of electoral participation. This chapter offers a bird’s-eye view of historical trends in voter turnout, theories of rational voting motivation, and the role of embedding political or socioeconomic environments, as exposed by empirical research.


2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
José-Antonio Espín-Sánchez

In 1966, after more than 700 years, the irrigation community in Mula (Spain) switched from auctions to quotas to allocate water from its river. This change happened in the absence of either political or technological change. Quotas were more efficient, but required that farmers own water property rights. I develop a model in which poor farmers cannot credibly commit to purchase water rights. I show that empirical evidence on savings and prices is consistent with this interpretation. A temporary increase in output prices in the 1950s and better financial institutions allowed farmers to accumulate savings and solve the commitment problem.“There is nothing more difficult to arrange, more doubtful of success, and more dangerous to carry through, than to initiate a new order of things.”Niccolò Machiavelli,The Prince


2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Weatherburn ◽  
Bronwyn Lind ◽  
Simon Ku

Criminological theory has historically assumed that economic adversity increases crime rates because it increases the motivation to offend. This assumption appears supported in cross-sectional studies of the relationship between economic adversity and crime but time series studies have generally produced much less consistent results. Attempts to resolve this anomaly without abandoning the motivational hypothesis have met with mixed success. The purpose of this paper is to test the motivational assumption using monthly data drawn from a period during which a severe recession occurred. The results of the study do not support the motivational assumption. Alternative explanations of the aggregate-level relationship between economic adversity and property crime are canvassed.


2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dainis Ignatans ◽  
Roger Matthews

The explanations to date of the remarkable decrease in crime that has been reported over the last two decades in a number of western countries have been less than convincing. In light of these limitations this article explores the impact that the recent increase of immigration into the uk may have had on recorded crime levels. Drawing on a range of international research the paper includes some empirical evidence from England and Wales that suggests that in contrast to the popular opinion that increased immigration is associated with an increase in crime, that not only are the recent waves of immigration not linked to rising crime, but also our findings lend qualified support to the contention that recent waves of immigration have contributed to the crime drop that has taken place in the uk and other countries over the last two decades.


2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjung Cheon ◽  
Scott H. Decker ◽  
Charles M. Katz

After decades of prohibition, laws allowing marijuana use for medical and, in some cases, recreational purposes have been enacted across the country. To date, however, little is known about medical marijuana use, particularly regarding its relationship to criminal offending and use by nonauthorized persons. The current study bridges this gap by examining offending patterns in a sample of recent arrestees in Maricopa County, Arizona, identified and interviewed through the Arizona Arrestee Reporting Information Network (AARIN) project. Findings suggest that medical users had a higher probability for committing Driving Under the Influendce (DUI) and drug selling/making than nonusers, and diverted medical marijuana users had a higher probability for involvement in property crime, violent crime, DUI, and drug selling/making than nonusers. The results have important implications for developing marijuana decriminalization policies, criminal justice, and criminological theory. Directions for future research are discussed.


Author(s):  
T.M. Lytvynenko ◽  
O.S. Danylchenko

Problem’s setting. Many experts are increasingly inclined to conclude that the main factor for the success of most enterprises is the commitment and loyalty of consumers. A higher degree of consumer loyalty is an almost fanatical appreciation of the brand. Any product while entering the market creates some impression - positive or negative. These associations and consumer perception of the product are called the brand. This is some impression of a product in the minds of consumers or a label that is thoughtfully attached to the product. However, branding is not always a sure guarantee of success for the company . Analysis of recent studies. The issues of brand formation were explored by authors such as D. Aaker, T. Ambler, B. Bruns, J. Burnett, A. Bontour, F. Kotler, E. Rice, J. Rossiter, V. Domnin, K. Bazherin, L. Buk , O. Zozuliov, V. Pustotin, E. Romat and others. Researchers expose the essence of a brand, offer methodological approaches to its formation, analyse the essence of branding and brand management. Objective of the research is to analyse the modern scientific understanding of the brand management system as a factor of increasing the competitiveness of enterprises, to consider the process of forming and using brand management system by the enterprises of the confectionery industry, as well as to diagnose the socio-economic efficiency of brand management of one of the most successful companies in Ukraine and to develop a strategy for its improvement. The main part. A brand management system is a complex of interconnected elements: goals, principles, functions, methods, organizational structure that embodies the management relationships that together allow to fulfil the main mission of the enterprise - meeting the needs of consumers. It is worth noting that the brand management model has a strategic orientation, which includes a block of goal-setting, analytical block and formation of strategic alternatives of brand development, which is a crucial part for today's changing conditions of the environment . Therefore, the main stages of the process of brand formation and using are comprehensive market research, brand creation, alignment of the brand concept with other components of the marketing complex, the formation of a marketing communications system, implementation of branding proposals, evaluation of brand efficiency, rebranding. Market analysis of consumer goods in Ukraine over the past 5 years has shown a significant decline in production and consumption of virtually all categories of consumer goods. Cheap products are the exception: instead of chocolate, consumers buy cookies and gingerbread, instead of wine from Italy and Chile - domestic wine. In addition, the Ukrainian confectionery sector is one of the most highly competitive areas in our country. It is quite multi-vector, as it develops differently in each segment. Consider the structure of the Ukrainian confectionery market by manufacturers. The biggest players during 2016-2019 are Roshen Confectionery Corporation, Malbi Foods LLC, Ferrero SpA, Mars, Inc., Nestlé S.A. and Mondelēz International, Inc. They occupy 19.3%, 8.3%, 8.0%, 7.6%, 7.0% and 6.2% respectively. In addition, the share of Private Label goods sales has increased significantly - up to 13% as of 2018. Confectionery is an area that needs creativity and ingenuity. The Western market requires simple and bright packaging, which stands out on the shelves and is as interesting to the audience as possible. Often, manufacturers add a game element that attracts not only the infant audience but also adult consumers. High value of the Nestlé brand management system in Ukraine is the high corporate image as well as the image of individual brands. The analysis of the brand management system of Lviv-based Ukrainian confectionery manufacturer Svitoch made it possible to identify the key elements of the strategy for improving the brand management of confectionery enterprises: · event marketing; · team building (carrying out various activities for employees); · professional development of employees; · production of limited edition products with updated design and taste; · issue of seasonal novelties, gifts and holiday sets; · new packaging design; · high availability of goods at the outlets; · placing products only on branded shelves; · using of various positioning methods; · creating a digital strategy and publishing online announcements. In addition, these elements of brand management strategy will help coordinate employee engagement for achieving a common goal. Conclusions. In general, it can be argued that the Ukrainian confectionery sector is one of the most highly competitive areas in our country. Therefore, by adhering to the above strategy of improving the brand management of confectionery enterprises, it is possible to increase the competitiveness of the company. In our opinion, the findings and suggestions will help increase the efficiency of the brand management system at domestic enterprises.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Fajar Rina Sejati ◽  
Sahrul Ponto ◽  
Septyana Prasetianingrum ◽  
Sumartono Sumartono ◽  
Nona Naomi Sumbari

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Free Cash Flow, Debt Policy, Return On Assets, Company Growth on Dividend Policy. The sample of this study was using 10 companies in the Consumer Goods Industry Sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2015-2018 met all the criteria. Empirical evidence suggests that Free Cash Flow has a Significant Effect on Dividend Policy. Debt Policy Has Negative and Significant Impact on Dividend Policy. Whereas Return On Assets and Company Growth Have No Significant Effect on Dividend Policy.


2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-288
Author(s):  
Karto Adiwijaya ◽  
Sari Wahyuni ◽  
Gita Gayatri ◽  
Jacky S. Mussry

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