The Short-Run Effects of Economic Adversity on Property Crime: An Australian Case Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Weatherburn ◽  
Bronwyn Lind ◽  
Simon Ku
Keyword(s):  
Property Crime ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Time Series Studies ◽  
Australian Case ◽  
Severe Recession ◽  
The Relationship

Criminological theory has historically assumed that economic adversity increases crime rates because it increases the motivation to offend. This assumption appears supported in cross-sectional studies of the relationship between economic adversity and crime but time series studies have generally produced much less consistent results. Attempts to resolve this anomaly without abandoning the motivational hypothesis have met with mixed success. The purpose of this paper is to test the motivational assumption using monthly data drawn from a period during which a severe recession occurred. The results of the study do not support the motivational assumption. Alternative explanations of the aggregate-level relationship between economic adversity and property crime are canvassed.

scholarly journals Relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty: The case of Serbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorica Mladenovic
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Inflation Uncertainty ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Permanent And Transitory Components ◽  
Uncertainty Models ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Uncertainty Relationship ◽  
High Uncertainty

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty in the Serbian economy, being particularly vulnerable to shocks in inflation rate, during transition period 2001 - 2007. Based on monthly data several GARCH specifications are estimated to provide the measure for inflation uncertainty. Derived variables are then included into VAR model to test for Granger-causality between inflation and its uncertainty. Models that consider only permanent and transitory components of prices are also estimated to investigate the inflation-uncertainty relationship in the long and in the short run. The main conclusion of the paper is that high inflation invokes high uncertainty, while high uncertainty negatively affects the level of inflation at long horizon.

scholarly journals The relationship between e-CRM and customer loyalty: a Kenyan Commercial Bank case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric E. Mang’unyi ◽  
Oumar T. Khabala ◽  
Krishna K. Govender
Keyword(s):  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Relationship

Since customer loyalty is key, especially in the highly competitive commercial banking environment, this article evaluated the effects of features of electronic customer relationship management (e-CRM) on customer loyalty. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from a convenience sample of customers of a major international Kenyan bank using self-administered questionnaires. The findings based on correlation and multiple regression analyses, revealed that pre-service, during (the) service and post transactional e-CRM features have a positive and significant relationship with loyalty, and that the pre-service and during service features significantly predict loyalty. Thus, enhancing e-CRM practices could be a strategic competitive tool to impact the banks’ relationship with their customers.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF TREE COVERAGE ON PROPERTY CRIME: A CASE STUDY IN THE CITY OF VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifei Chen ◽  
Yuenan Li ◽  
Jonathan Li
Keyword(s):  
Property Crime ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Tree Coverage ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

With the development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), crime mapping becomes an effective approach to investigate the spatial pattern of crime in a defined area. Understanding the relationship between crime and its surrounding environment can reveal possible strategies that can reduce crime in a neighbourhood. The relationship between vegetation density and crime has been under debate for a long time. This research is conducted to investigate the impacts of tree coverage on property crime in the City of Vancouver. High spatial resolution airborne LiDAR data collected in 2013 was used for the extraction of tree covered area for cross-sectional analysis. The independent variables were put into Ordinary Least-Squares (OLS) regression, Spatial Lag regression, and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models to examine their influences on property crime rates. According to the results, the cross-sectional analysis demonstrated statistical evidences that property crime rates had negative correlations with tree coverage, with greater influences occurred around Downtown Vancouver.

Telecommuting and Perceived Productivity: An Australian Case Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-69
Author(s):  
Elsabet Tamrat ◽  
Malcolm Smith
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Telecommunications Infrastructure ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Australian Case ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
At Home

AbstractThe concept of widespread “telecommuting” in a community envisages the presence of large numbers of employees who, instead of commuting to work, perform either all or a significant fraction of their tasks at home. It is widely accepted that large-scale adoption of telecommuting is just a matter of time in those countries with the necessary telecommunications infrastructure.This paper reports on the conduct of a telecommuting project in a large Australian organisation. The data and the analyses demonstrate that, overall, the telecommuting project has been successful and brought benefits to both the employees and the organisation. The results also indicate the presence of strong positive links between the relationship/interactions telecommuters had with their supervisors, and the telecommuters' perception both of their own productivity, and their levels of satisfaction with the telecommuting experience. The tasks which telecommuters performed were also related to the employees' perception of productivity and job satisfaction.

scholarly journals Explaining the Relationship Between Class Position and Political Preferences: A Long-Term Panel Analysis of Intra-Generational Class Mobility

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Peter Egge Langsæther ◽  
Geoffrey Evans ◽  
Tom O'Grady
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Material Interests ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Limited Basis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Past findings on the connection between class position and political preferences are overwhelmingly derived from cross-sectional studies, which provided a limited basis for inferring causality. This study uses long-term panel data on thousands of British respondents to measure the impact of intra-generational class mobility across a range of political identities and preferences. Upward class mobility leads to small increases in economic conservatism, but party choice, class identity and attitudes to non-economic issues do not change. This updating of economic values is much smaller than cross-sectional differences between classes. These results are consistent with the short-run effects of class mobility operating primarily through a limited economic self-interest mechanism. Beliefs that are plausibly unconnected to economics are unaffected. The overall association between class and a range of identities, opinions and preferences is therefore more likely to be caused by early life experiences and longer-term socialization than by the immediate material interests associated with jobs.

Hospital Service Scope Expansion and Market Share Improvement: A Dynamic Modeling and Multivariate Approach

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shur Li ◽  
Thomas T. H. Wan
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Dynamic Modeling ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hospital Service ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Organizational Status ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Relationship

In a national trend, large, acute-care hospitals located in urban areas of the nation were continuously broadening their service scope, adding services at the rate of one each year, from 1982 to 1987. This study proposes that the underlying rationale of hospital service-scope expansion is status-gap minimization. This perspective was quantitatively interpreted and tested by a dynamic modeling analysis. Findings support status-gap minimization as the rationale for service-scope expansion. Using multivariate regression and dynamic modeling analysis, the study demonstrates that the cross-sectional relationship between two steady states – the relationship between service scope and market share – is positive and statistically significant. However, the market share change is not related to hospital service scope. The interpretation offered is that hospitals expand the scope of services looking not so much to increase their market share benefit in the short run as to raise their organizational status. In the long run, higher organizational status such as broader service scope then benefits market share.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Social Support and General Health among Employees of Ceramic Tile Industry: A case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Roozbeh ◽  
Zahra Pourmovahed ◽  
Mehdi Roozbeh
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
General Health ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correlation Tests ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scale Data

Introduction: Workers' health is highly important since it affects a country’s industry. Social support plays an important role in employees’ health. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between social support and general health among employees of Yazd Ceram Tile Company in 2017. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 224 employees of Yazd Ceram Tile Company were selected using census sampling. Data collection instruments included demographic information questionnaire, Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Social Support Appraisals (SS‐A) scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests. Results: Social support had an inverse relationship with all domains of general health. In other words, increased social support improved the employees’ general health.  Social support had a significant relationship with the two dimensions of social dysfunction and depression (p<0.0001 and p= 0.028, respectively). Conclusion: The factory staffs were at a relatively good level of social support, but they were close to the cut-off point considering their general health level. In general, higher levels of social support can lead to higher levels of general health in employees. This relationship is more important in terms of social functioning and depression (two dimensions of general health).

scholarly journals Muscle Activity and Morphology in Slalom Skiing by a Single-Leg Amputee Ski Racer: A Case Study of a Paralympic Athlete

2021 ◽  
pp. 500-5007
Author(s):  
Yusuke Ishige ◽  
Shinsuke Yoshioka ◽  
Noriko Hakamada ◽  
Yuki Inaba
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Elite Athlete ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of skiing by a single-leg amputee ski racer from the viewpoints of muscle activity, morphology, and the relationship between both elements through comparisons with those of a non-disabled ski racer. One elite athlete, classified as LW2 (left thigh amputation), and one non-disabled athlete, as a control, participated in this study. The cross-sectional area of thigh muscles was measured through magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, muscle activities and joint and segment kinematics during slalom skiing were measured using electromyography and inertial measurement units, respectively. The muscle activities and joint kinematics of the amputee racer in the turn in which he performed with the inside edge of the ski were similar to those of the outside leg of the non-disabled racer over a turn. In contrast, at the turn in which the amputee racer performed with the outside edge (more difficult side), the amputee racer largely activated the biceps femoris (BF) in the first half of the turn compared to the non-disabled racer. The reason could be to control the angular momentum of the trunk during the forward tilting motion. This is because a greater activity of the BF was observed during the period in which the forward tilt of the trunk was increased, and the mean activity of the BF was the greatest during the first half of the right turn in which the range of the motion of the forward tilt was the greatest. In terms of muscle morphology of the amputee racer, a significant hypertrophy of the BF and vastus lateralis was observed compared to the non-disabled racers. The well-developed BF was considered to be related to the large activity during the turn performed with the outside edge of the ski.

scholarly journals Economic Theory to Visualize the Value of Design: a Case Study on The User’s Perception of Value

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Morejon Alava
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Following John Heskett (2017), this paper posits that economic value cannot be defined without transcending and acknowledging the user as its source. His research presents economic theory linked to the value creation process applicable to study the value of design. This paper proposes that economic theory can be used to evaluate the impact of design when understanding and interpreting the subjective perception of value. A plan for a cross-sectional case study is explained to collect and analyze qualitative data in two stages with a means-end theory approach. This research aims to: (1) Understand the user’s perception of value, (2) Evaluate the impact of design by reflecting on economic theory and (3) Analyze the relationship between design and economics regarding economic value to contribute to the business of design. It may lead to the development of an evaluation model to guide organizations towards the creation or improvement of products, services or systems with a better understanding and a more measured perception of how users perceive value for decision-making.

scholarly journals TRAVELER’S KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TO ACCESS TOURISM HEALTH CENTRE AT GUNUNGKIDUL: CASE STUDY AT INDRAYANTI BEACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Noval Ali Lating ◽  
Liena Sofiana
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Indrayanti beach located at Gunungkidul district, Yogyakarta. The number of tourists visited this beach has increased each year, meaning that it increases the health risks for the tourist and people involved, such as infectious diseases, blisters, lost, injured by objects or marine animals, sea water irritation. However, according to the previous study, a traveler who is accessing the Tourism Health Centre is low. This research aimed to identify the relationship between knowledge and attitude of the travelers in Indrayanti Beach to the traveler’s access to the Tourism Health Centre.Method: Quantitative analytical approach with a cross-sectional study design was applied in this study. Of 106 travelers was participate in this study that was recruited through accidental sampling. A tested questionnaire contained knowledge, and attitude was asked to the Indrayanti visitor. A Chi-square test was used to analyze the result.Results: There is a significant association between knowledge level (p=0.027) and attitude (p = 0.000) to the willingness to access the Tourism Health Centre. Conclusion: Knowledge and attitude are the primary aspects of the willingness to access the Tourism Health Centre.

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