scholarly journals Xylan alleviates dietary fiber deprivation-induced dysbiosis by selectively promoting Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum in pigs

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Yu Bai ◽  
Yu Pi ◽  
Walter J. J. Gerrits ◽  
Sonja de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis

Abstract Background Low dietary fiber intake has been shown to disturb the gut microbiome community, damage the mucus barrier, and promote pathogen susceptibility. However, little is known about the temporal response of the gut microbiome to dietary fiber deprivation and the recovery induced by dietary fiber inclusion in pigs. Objective In the present study, temporal responses of ileal and fecal microbiota to dietary fiber deprivation were profiled using an ileum cannulated growing pig model. In addition, the potential of dietary-resistant starch, β-glucan, and xylan to alleviate gut dysbiosis throughout the gastrointestinal tract, as well as its possible mechanisms were investigated. Methods Six cannulated growing pigs were fed a fiber deprivation diet for 35 days. Ileal digesta and feces were collected at days 0, 7, 21, and 35 for 16S rRNA sequencing and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) determination. Another twenty-four healthy growing pigs were assigned to one of four dietary treatments including (1) fiber-free diet, (2) resistant starch diet, (3) β-glucan diet, and (4) xylan diet. These twenty-four pigs were fed a corresponding diet for 35 days and slaughtered. Gut microbiome and SCFA concentration were profiled along the gastrointestinal tract. Results Dietary fiber deprivation-induced consistent microbiota extinction, mainly Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and decreased SCFA concentrations in both ileum and feces. The community structure partially recovered at day 35 compared with baseline while SCFA concentrations remained low. Xylan supplementation alleviated gut dysbiosis by selectively promoting Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum within the large intestine. SCFA concentration increased significantly after xylan supplementation and exhibited a positive association with B. pseudocatenulatum abundance. An elevated abundance of xylan degradation-related enzyme genes was also observed in the gut microbiome after xylan supplementation. In vitro growth assay further verified the xylan utilization capacity of B. pseudocatenulatum. Conclusions Dietary fiber deprivation could induce probiotic extinction and loss of the SCFA production while potential pathogen was promoted. Xylan intervention could partially restore dietary fiber deprivation-induced gut dysbiosis through selectively promoting B. pseudocatenulatum and therefore normalizing the gut environment. These findings collectively provide evidence that dietary fiber-driven microbiota metabolism bridges the interplay between microbiome and gut health.

scholarly journals Prebiotic Dietary Fiber and Gut Health: Comparing the In Vitro Fermentations of Beta-Glucan, Inulin and Xylooligosaccharide.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin L. Caelson ◽  
Jennifer M. Erickson ◽  
Julie M. Hess ◽  
Trevor J. Gould ◽  
Joanne L. Slavin
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Oat Bran

Prebiotic dietary fiber supplements are commonly consumed to help meet fiber recommendations and improve gastrointestinal health by stimulating beneficial bacteria and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), molecules beneficial to host health. The objective of this research project was to compare potential prebiotic effects and fermentability of five commonly consumed fibers using an in vitro fermentation system measuring changes in fecal microbiota, total gas production and formation of common SCFAs. Fecal donations were collected from three healthy volunteers. Materials analyzed included: pure beta-glucan, Oatwell (commercially available oat-bran containing 22% oat β-glucan), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), WholeFiber (dried chicory root containing inulin, pectin, and hemi/celluloses), and pure inulin. Oatwell had the highest production of propionate at 12 h (4.76 μmol/mL) compared to inulin, WholeFiber and XOS samples (p<0.03). Oatwell’s effect was similar to those of the pure beta-glucan samples, both samples promoted the highest mean propionate production at 24 h. XOS resulted in a significant increase in the genus Bifidobacterium after 24 h of fermentation (0 h: 0.67 OTUs; 24 h: 5.22 OTUs; p = 0.038). Inulin and WholeFiber increased the beneficial genus Collinsella, consistent with findings in clinical studies. All analyzed compounds were fermentable and promoted the formation of beneficial SCFAs.

scholarly journals Sources of Dietary Fiber Affect the SCFA Production and Absorption in the Hindgut of Growing Pigs

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Bai ◽  
Xingjian Zhou ◽  
Jinbiao Zhao ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Hao Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
Sh Group ◽  
Beet Pulp

Effects of different dietary fiber (DF) sources on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production and absorption in the hindgut of growing pigs were studied by an in vivo–vitro (ileal cannulated pigs and fecal inoculum-based fermentation) method. Thirty-six cannulated pigs (body weight: 48.5 ± 2.1 kg) were randomly allocated to 6 treatments containing the same DF content (16.5%), with either wheat bran (WB), corn bran (CB), sugar beet pulp (SBP), oat bran (OB), soybean hulls (SH), or rice bran (RB) as DF sources. Pigs were allowed 15 days for diet adaptation, and then, fresh ileal digesta and feces were collected to determine SCFA concentration which was normalized for food dry matter intake (DMI) and the hindgut DF fermentability. Fecal microbiota was inoculated into the freeze-dried ileal digesta samples to predict the ability of SCFA production and absorption in the hindgut by in vitro fermentation. The SH group had the largest concentration of total SCFA and propionate in ileal digesta and fecal samples of growing pigs (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, the predicted acetate, total SCFA production, absorption in the SBP group were the highest (p < 0.01), but the lowest in the OB group (p < 0.01) among all groups. Even SBP and OB group had a similar ratio of soluble DF (SDF) to insoluble DF (IDF). The CB group had high determined ileal and fecal butyrate concentration but the lowest butyrate production and absorption in the hindgut (p < 0.01). Overall, the source of DF had a great impact on the hindgut SCFA production and absorption, and SBP fiber had a great potential to increase hindgut SCFA production and absorption.

scholarly journals In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics for Different Ratios of Soluble to Insoluble Dietary Fiber by Fresh Fecal Microbiota from Growing Pigs

ACS Omega ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 15158-15167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyu Tao ◽  
Yu Bai ◽  
Xingjian Zhou ◽  
Jinbiao Zhao ◽  
Hongjian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fiber

scholarly journals Assessing the Effects of Ginger Extract on Polyphenol Profiles and the Subsequent Impact on the Fecal Microbiota by Simulating Digestion and Fermentation In Vitro

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3194
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Xiaosong Hu ◽  
Fengqin Feng ◽  
Luyun Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Mixed Culture Fermentation

The beneficial effects of ginger polyphenols have been extensively reported. However, their metabolic characteristics and health effects on gut microbiota are poor understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the digestion stability of ginger polyphenols and their prebiotic effects on gut microbiota by simulating digestion and fermentation in vitro. Following simulated digestion in vitro, 85% of the polyphenols were still detectable, and the main polyphenol constituents identified in ginger extract are 6-, 8-, and 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol in the digestive fluids. After batch fermentation, the changes in microbial populations were measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. In mixed-culture fermentation with fecal inoculate, digested ginger extract (GE) significantly modulated the fecal microbiota structure and promoted the growth of some beneficial bacterial populations, such as Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus. Furthermore, incubation with GE could elevate the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) accompanied by a decrease in the pH value. Additionally, the quantitative PCR results showed that 6-gingerol (6G), as the main polyphenol in GE, increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium significantly. Therefore, 6G is expected to be a potential prebiotic that improves human health by promoting gut health.

scholarly journals Effects of Millet Bran Dietary Fiber and Millet Flour on Dough Development, Steamed Bread Quality, and Digestion In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 912
Author(s):  
Yunlong Li ◽  
Jing Lv ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Yingying Zhu ◽  
Ruiling Shen
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Sensory Acceptability ◽  
Steamed Bread ◽  
Sugar Levels

Twenty-five percent of steamed millet flour (MF) and different contents of dietary fiber (DF) were added to wheat flour (WF). The results showed that 25% of steamed MF and DF had significant effects (p < 0.05) on dough farinographical and tensile properties. With the increase of DF content, the hardness of the steamed bread increased, the elasticity decreased significantly, and the sensory acceptability decreased. The results of digestion showed that the content of rapidly digested starch (RDS) and slowly digested starch (SDS) in MF steamed bread decreased with the increase of DF, while resistant starch (RS) increased. Meanwhile, the starch hydrolysis rate, hydrolysis index (HI), and glycemic index (GI) decreased significantly (p < 0.05), and protein digestibility decreased gradually. Comprehensive evaluation showed that the 2% DF sample had good sensory performance and medium GI, which is beneficial to the control of blood sugar levels. These good functional properties could meet the requirements of a healthy diet.

scholarly journals Prebiotic Dietary Fiber and Gut Health: Comparing the in Vitro Fermentations of Beta-Glucan, Inulin and Xylooligosaccharide

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Carlson ◽  
Jennifer Erickson ◽  
Julie Hess ◽  
Trevor Gould ◽  
Joanne Slavin
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Beta Glucan

scholarly journals Impact of whole grains on the gut microbiota: the next frontier for oats?

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (S2) ◽  
pp. S44-S49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin J. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Gut Function ◽  
Complex Lipids

The gut microbiota plays important roles in proper gut function and can contribute to or help prevent disease. Whole grains, including oats, constitute important sources of nutrients for the gut microbiota and contribute to a healthy gut microbiome. In particular, whole grains provide NSP and resistant starch, unsaturated TAG and complex lipids, and phenolics. The composition of these constituents is unique in oats compared with other whole grains. Therefore, oats may contribute distinctive effects on gut health relative to other grains. Studies designed to determine these effects may uncover new human-health benefits of oat consumption.

Effect of processing on the non-starch polysaccharides and in vitro starch digestibility of legumes / Efecto del procesado en el contenido de polisacáridos no amiláceos y la digestibilidad in vitro del almidón de legumbres

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Digestion Rate ◽  
In Vitro Starch Digestibility ◽  
Industrial Processing

Dietary fiber content (as non-starch polysaccharides, NSP) and in vitro starch digestibility of legumes (beans, lentils, chickpeas and peas) present in the Spanish diet were determined. Raw, boiled and industrially processed legumes were analyzed, as well as legume dishes prepared according to tradi tional recipes or commercial canned meals. A reduction of total NSP was observed in cooked prepa rations probably due to the presence of other food ingredients. Soluble NSP increased in industrially processed legumes at the expense of the insoluble fraction. Significant amounts of resistant starch (RS) were detected in processed legumes. Industrial processing seemed to result in an increased in vitro starch digestibility with a higher starch digestion rate index (SDRI) in comparison with domes tic processing. Rapidly available glucose (RAG) in processed legumes, as a predictor of their poten tial glycemic response, showed differences depending on the type of legume and treatment. Gener ally pulses consumed as home-made meals had lower RAG values.

scholarly journals The Role of Gut Microbiota in Lung Cancer: From Carcinogenesis to Immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangjun Liu ◽  
Ye Cheng ◽  
Dan Zang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Xiuhua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
And Function

The influence of microbiota on host health and disease has attracted adequate attention, and gut microbiota components and microbiota-derived metabolites affect host immune homeostasis locally and systematically. Some studies have found that gut dysbiosis, disturbance of the structure and function of the gut microbiome, disrupts pulmonary immune homeostasis, thus leading to increased disease susceptibility; the gut-lung axis is the primary cross-talk for this communication. Gut dysbiosis is involved in carcinogenesis and the progression of lung cancer through genotoxicity, systemic inflammation, and defective immunosurveillance. In addition, the gut microbiome harbors the potential to be a novel biomarker for predicting sensitivity and adverse reactions to immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can enhance the efficacy and depress the toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors by regulating the gut microbiota. Although current studies have found that gut microbiota closely participates in the development and immunotherapy of lung cancer, the mechanisms require further investigation. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota influencing carcinogenesis and immunotherapy in lung cancer and to provide new strategies for governing gut microbiota to enhance the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.

scholarly journals Resistant Starch as Related to Companion Animal Nutrition

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie K Spears ◽  
George C Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health

Abstract Companion animal dietsmay contain up to 50% starch, derived from cereal grains. The amount of resistant starch (RS) in an ingredient depends on the origin and form of the ingredient and on the processing conditions to which the ingredient has been exposed. Extrusion has proven to be a means of optimizing utilization of starch by companion animals. Although the RS fraction of starch typically decreases by extrusion, retrogradation can result in increased concentrations of this fraction. Limited research exists regarding the effects of RS in companion animal nutrition and gastrointestinal health. Existing in vitro and in vivo research indicates that certain RS sources are readily fermented in the large bowel, producing short-chain fatty acids, whereas others are less fermentable, resulting in excellent laxation properties. Feeding dogs a diet high in RS may result in an increase in fecal bulk due to an increased excretion of microbial matter in those cases where RS is highly fermentable, or to indigestibility of the RS source in other cases. RS has a role to play as a potential proxy for dietary fiber, especially for those companion animals fed diets high in protein and fat and devoid of traditional dietary fiber.

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