Access to quality diagnosis and rational treatment for tuberculosis: real-world evidence from China–Gates Tuberculosis Control Project Phase III

Abstract Background China has successfully reduced tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate over the past three decades, however, challenges remain in improving the quality of TB diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we assess the effects of the implementation of “China National Health Commission (NHC) and Gates Foundation TB Prevention and Control Project” on the quality of TB care in the three provinces. Methods We conducted the baseline study in 2016 and the final evaluations in 2019 in the 12 selected project counties. We obtained TB patients’ information from the TB Information Management System and reviewed medical records of TB cases in the TB designated hospitals. We compared TB diagnosis and treatment services with the national practice guideline and used Student’s t-test and Pearson χ2 tests or Fisher’s exact tests to compare the difference before and after the project implementation. Results The percentage of sputum smear-negative (SS–) patients taking culture or rapid molecular test (RMT) doubled between 2015 and 2018 (from 35% to 87%), and the percentage of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB cases increased from 36% to 52%. RMT has been widely used and contributed an additional 20% of bacteriologically confirmed TB cases in 2018. The percentage of TB patients taking drug susceptibility tests (DST) also doubled (from 40% in 2015 to 82% in 2018), and the proportion of TB patients receiving adequate diagnosis services increased from 85% to 96%. Among all SS– TB patients, over 86% received the recommended diagnostic services at the end of the study period, an improvement from 75% prior to the project implementation. However, the proportion of TB patients treated irrationally using second-line anti-TB drugs (SLDs) increased from 12.6% in 2015 to 19.9% in 2018. The regional disparities remained within the project provinces, albeit the gaps between them narrowed down for almost all indicators. Conclusions The quality of TB diagnosis services has been improved substantially, which is attributable to the coverage of new diagnosis technology. However, irrational use of SLDs remains a concern after the project implementation. Graphic abstract

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Evaluation of the effectiveness of self-massage in dysmenorrhea/ Ocena efektywności automasażu w redukcji bólu menstruacyjnego kobiet

HIGHER SCHOOL’S PULSE ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.5035 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 26-32

Author(s):

Anna Dobrzycka ◽

Iwona Wilk

Keyword(s):

Muscle Tension ◽

Pain Scale ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Menstrual Pain ◽

Before And After ◽

Average Pain ◽

The Difference ◽

Student’S T ◽

Experimental Group

Background: Primary menstrual pain affects approximately 45-95% of women between 20-25 years of age. A non-invasive method in reducing menstrual pain by relaxing muscle tension is a massage. It brings the structural tension to normal levels and restores correct blood flow in the pelvic region. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to test the usefulness of a self-massage in reducing the primary menstrual pain. Materials and methods: Out of 180 female students, 34 women aged 19-30 were qualified for the study with the use of a survey. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and visual analog pain scale (VAS) were used for the assessment before and after the therapy. Women in the experimental group performed tensegrity selfmassage a few days before the onset of bleeding for two menstrual cycles. Results were analyzed using Student’s t test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Applying the self-massage statistically proved to significantly reduce the perception of pain (p=0.001) and the number of days with pain (p=0.007) in the experimental group. Within this group, the difference was noted in all participants except one. In addition, a third measurement was taken in order to assess the duration of the effect. The result of the average pain and number of days of pain after the extension was higher than in the second evaluation, but significantly lower than before the experiment. The significance was in accordance with the evaluation of pain, p=0.002 and number of days p=0.03. Evaluation of the quality of sleep in the experimental group was significantly better (p = 0.04) than before treatment. Conclusions: Self-massage reduces primary menstrual pain in women and can be used as an assisted form of self-therapy. It improves the quality of sleep.

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Effects of Cellulase on the Chemical Compositions Characteristics and Microbial Community of Saline-alkali Land Alfalfa Silage

10.21203/rs.2.17221/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Qiang Lu ◽

Gentu Ge ◽

Qiming Cheng ◽

Meiling Hou ◽

shan Yu Jia

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Diversity Analysis ◽

Microbial Network ◽

Before And After ◽

Alfalfa Silage ◽

The Difference

Abstract Background We aim to assess the nutritional quality of alfalfa in saline-alkali and the main fermenting microorganisms acting on alfalfa in saline-alkali soils.Results In this study, We tested the nutrient composition and microbial community of Zhongmu No. 3 (salt-tolerant) alfalfa, including the nutritional fermentation quality and microbial diversity analysis of alfalfa before and after ensiling (30 days and 60 days). Then we got closely genus that related to saline-alkali soils.The validity of the microbiological data was confirmed by alpha diversity analysis. From the Microbial network, we obtained the difference of the saline-type mantle type.Conclusions we found that the silage quality of Saline-alkali alfalfa can be ensured by anaerobic fermentation with addition. The LABs that play a major role in the saline alkaline alfalfa silage are Lactobacillus, lactococcus and enterococcus.

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SUPR-3D: A randomized phase iii trial comparing simple unplanned palliative radiotherapy versus 3d conformal radiotherapy for patients with bone metastases: study protocol

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-019-6259-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Robert Olson ◽

Roel Schlijper ◽

Nick Chng ◽

Quinn Matthews ◽

Marco Arimare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Metastases ◽

Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy ◽

Palliative Radiotherapy ◽

Conformal Radiotherapy ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Phase Iii Trial ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

The Difference

Abstract Background Bone metastases in the lower spine and pelvis are effectively palliated with radiotherapy (RT), though this can come with side effects such as radiation induced nausea and vomiting (RINV). We hypothesize that high rates of RINV occur in part because of the widespread use of inexpensive simple unplanned palliative radiotherapy (SUPR), over more complex and resource intensive 3D conformal RT, such as volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Methods This is a randomized, multi-centre phase III trial of SUPR versus VMAT. We will accrue 250 patients to assess the difference in patient-reported RINV. This study is powered to detect a difference in quality of life between patients treated with VMAT vs. SUPR. Discussion This trial will determine if VMAT reduces early toxicity compared to SUPR and may provide justification for this more resource-intensive and costly form of RT. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03694015. Date of registration: October 3, 2018.

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Comparison of Quality of Life and Nasal Symptoms in Chronic Rhinitis Patients Between Before and After Treatment

Ramathibodi Medical Journal ◽

10.33165/rmj.2019.42.2.149814 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 21-29

Author(s):

Malinee Tongdee ◽

Nichapha Dechapaphapitak ◽

Thanuchporn Kafaksom ◽

Umaporn Udomsubpayakul ◽

Chamard Wongsa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Short Form ◽

Rank Test ◽

Common Disease ◽

Chronic Rhinitis ◽

Nasal Symptoms ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference

Background: Chronic rhinitis is a common disease which impacts the quality of life. The symptom of diseases could be controlled after treatment. However, the difference in the quality of life and symptoms after 3 months of treatment is not documented. Objective: To compare the quality of life in chronic rhinitis patients before and at 3 months after treatment. Methods: Prospective study in new cases of chronic rhinitis patients at adult allergy clinic, Ramathibodi Hospital, from August 2017 to March 2018. Assessment of quality of life and nasal symptoms was performed by using the short form 36 health survey questionnaire (SF36) and the rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaires (RCQ36). Descriptive statistic, t test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test were applied in the data analysis. Results: Of 127 patients, 65.4% were female. Chronic rhinitis was classified as allergic rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis, and unspecified rhinitis in 72.4%, 18.9%, and 8.7%, respectively. The result of the study showed that there was statistically significant improvement in the quality of life (SF36 and RCQ36 ) and the decrease of nasal and other symptoms score after 3 months of period treatment in chronic rhinitis patients (P < .05). Conclusions: The improvement in the quality of life (SF36 and RCQ36) and the decrease in nasal and other symptoms were documented after 3 months of treatment in chronic rhinitis patients.

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Soaking Feet Hydrotherapy Using Warm Water to Improve Quality of Sleeping Among Pregnant Women

Jurnal Kebidanan dan Kesehatan Tradisional ◽

10.37341/jkkt.v0i0.232 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 16-23

Author(s):

Ayu Wulandari ◽

Gita Kostania

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Warm Water ◽

Control Group ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference

Sleep is a basic need that must be fulfilled by humans. Sleep disorders often occur in pregnant women which has an impact on the quality of sleep. This study aims to identify the effect of soaking feet with warm water on the quality of sleep for pregnant women. This study used a quasi-experiment design with a nonequivalent control group design approach. The sampling technique used total sampling with 40 respondents who were in accordance with the eligible criteria. Interventions are given for 7 consecutive days. Measurement of sleep quality score using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. The difference in sleep quality scores was analyzed by Mann Whitney test, and scores of each component were analyzed by using Wilcoxon test.The results of this study indicate the influence of soaking feet with warm water on sleep quality of respondents before and after the intervention (p = 0.007; α = 5%). From these results, it can be said that there was an increase in quality of sleep after soaking the feet with warm water. Hydrotherapy by soaking feet with warm water can be applied by pregnant women to improve sleep quality.

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ANALISIS KOMPARASI KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENERAPAN SAK KONVERGENSI IFRS (Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Farmasi yang Terdaftar di BEI)

Jurnal Riset Keuangan Dan Akuntansi ◽

10.25134/jrka.v2i1.449 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alin Adinda Herma Wiharno Teti Rahmawati

Keyword(s):

Financial Performance ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Accounting Standards ◽

Financial Information ◽

International Accounting Standards ◽

Reporting Standards ◽

Before And After ◽

Quality Of Reports ◽

The Difference

Convergenceof IFRS into local accounting standards became a necessity for each country. This is due to the rapid developmental technology and globalization are demanding international accounting standards, with the aim of producing financial information with good quality and generally accepted. The application of IFRS as reporting standards is believed to improve the quality of reports keua-ngan company basis in the measurement of financial performance.The research objective was to determine the difference in financial performance as measured by the ratio of profitability, liquidity, solvency, and activities before and after the implementation of IFRS on the Company's GAAP ConvergencePharmaceuticals Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2007-2014.The results showed that tdak there are significant differences related to the financial performance as measured by the ratio of profitability, liquidity, solvency, as well as the ratio of activity before and after the implementation of IFRS on the Company's GAAP ConvergencePharmaceuticals Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2007-2014.

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Pengaruh Latihan Fisik Lari Jarak Pendek terhadap Masa Pendarahan (Bleeding Time) Metode IVY

Jurnal Laboratorium Khatulistiwa ◽

10.30602/jlk.v1i1.96 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Sri Tumpuk ◽

Wahdaniah Wahdaniah

Keyword(s):

Physical Exercise ◽

Bleeding Time ◽

Total Population ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Medical Laboratory ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Regression Test ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference

Abstract: Running is very important to maintain and improve the physical quality of human resources. By doing physical exercise can reduce the risk factor for the occurrence of interference with the mechanism of hemostasis. One of the examination filters to see the abnormalities in the process of hemostasis is bleeding time. The purpose of this study was to determine the bleeding time before and after physical exercise (sprint), to determine the effect of physical exercise (sprint) to the bleeding time before and after physical exercise (sprint) done for 5 minutes. The research design used was Cross-Sectional and the sampling technique used was total population. The sample in this study were all students D-III 2nd grade of Medical Laboratory class of 2015 which amounted to 55 people. Examination of this bleeding time using Ivy method. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by simple linear regression test. Based on the results of the study, the average number before exercises was ±118 seconds (117.82 seconds), and after physical exercise (sprint) was ±161 seconds (160.91 seconds) with the difference between them was 43 seconds (43.09 seconds). Statistically obtained p = 0,000 (p <0,05) or there was significant inﬂuence between physical exercise (sprint) to bleeding time.Abstrak: Latihan lari sangat penting untuk menjaga dan meningkatkan kualitas fsik sumber daya manusia. Dengan melakukan latihan fsik dapat menurunkan faktor risiko terjadinya gangguan pada mekanisme homeostasis. Salah satu pemeriksaan penyaring untuk melihat kelainan pada proses homeostasis adalah masa perdarahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui masa perdarahan sebelum dan sesudah latihan fsik lari jarak pendek, mengetahui pengaruh latihan fsik lari terhadap masa perdarahan sebelum dan sesudah mthe elakukan latihan fsik lari selama 5 menit. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Cross sectional dan teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah total populasi. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa/I D-III tingkat 2 Analis Kesehatan angkatan tahun 2015 yang berjumlah 55 orang. Pemeriksaan masa perdarahan ini menggunakan metode Ivy. Selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan uji regresi linier sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan jumlah rata-rata sebelum melakukan latihan ± 118 detik (117,82 detik), dan setelah melakukan latihan fsik lari adalah ± 161 detik (160,91 detik) dengan selisih diantara keduanya sebesar 43 detik (43,09 detik). Secara statistik diperoleh nilai p=0,000 (p < 0,05) atau ada pengaruh yang signifkan antara latihan fsik lari terhadap masa perdarahan

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Regulating non-financial reporting: evidence from European firms’ environmental, social and governance disclosures and earnings risk

Meditari Accountancy Research ◽

10.1108/medar-11-2020-1086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Arif ◽

Christohper Gan ◽

Muhammad Nadeem

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Content Type ◽

Eu Directive ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Earnings Risk ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

Purpose Motivated by the enactment of non-financial reporting regulations by the European Parliament, this paper aims to investigate the impact of European Union (EU) directive 2014/95/EU on the quantity of environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosures by the S&P Europe 350 index firms. This study also investigates whether the implementation of the non-financial information (NFI) reporting regulations influences the association between ESG disclosures and firms’ earnings risk. Design/methodology/approach To measure the impact of mandatory regulations on the quantity of ESG disclosures, this study estimates the average treatment effects using a propensity weighted sample. Then this study uses the difference-in-differences method to estimate the differences in the association between ESG disclosures and earning risk before and after implementation of the EU directive. Findings The results show a significant positive impact of the EU directive on the quantity of ESG disclosures for the sample European public-interest entities, which indicates that the mandatory NFI reporting requirements could boost the availability of increasingly demanded ESG related information. The enhanced association between the ESG disclosures and firms’ earnings risk during the post-directive period reveals that mandating NFI reporting also increases the quality of ESG disclosures. Originality/value Using the legitimacy and decision-usefulness theories, this study provides novel evidence concerning the impact of the EU directive on the quantity and quality of ESG disclosures.

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Evaluation of Disinfection Quality of Dental Faculty Units of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Southwest of Iran in 2017

Journal of Molecular Biology Research ◽

10.5539/jmbr.v8n1p88 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 88

Author(s):

Seyed Morteza Bagheri ◽

Mohammad Shooriabi ◽

Mansour Amin ◽

Fatemeh Babadi ◽

Asadollah Ahmadzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Oral Environment ◽

Before And After ◽

Dental Practices ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Southwest Of Iran

Introduction: Performing dental practices in the oral environment leads to the transmission of microorganisms in saliva and blood to working surfaces and dental devices and their infection. Preventing transmission of infection through these devices is an important task of a dentist. Hence, this research was conducted to evaluate the disinfection quality of the dental faculty units of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS) in Iran.Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the quality of disinfection of the units, sampling was performed from all glasses spittoon surfaces of 90 units of the clinical unit of the AJUMS dental faculty before and after disinfection by personnel. Then, the bacteria were cultured in a medium and examined.Results: The mean (and standard deviation) of the total infection of units of the dental faculty was 46534.4 (583380.4) colonies per 1 ml before disinfection and 40265.6 (52131.1) colonies per 1 ml after disinfection, reflecting significant decrease in number of bacterial colonies after disinfection (P <0.001). In addition, a significant decrease was seen in the number of bacterial colonies in the restoration, pediatric, orthodontic and diagnosis units (p <0.05), but the difference before and after disinfection was not significant in the prosthetic, endodontic, surgical and periodontal units. In addition, the most common types of microorganisms in the whole units of the dental faculty were pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus, respectively, and after disinfection, the most common types of microorganisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus, respectively.Conclusion: In general, this study showed that the disinfection method of units in dental faculty can not reduce the severity of infection of the units. Given what was stated, it is recommended that the method and the substances used to disinfect the unit to be changed.

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The Pilot Survey of the Perception on the Practice Pattern, Diagnosis, and Treatment on Korean Medicine Insomnia: Focusing on the Difference between Korean Medical Neuropsychiatry Specialists and Korean Medical General Practitioners

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/9152705 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jung-Hwa Lim ◽

Jin-Hyung Jeong ◽

Sang-Ho Kim ◽

Kyeong-Ok Kim ◽

Seung-Yeon Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

General Practitioners ◽

Medical Diagnosis ◽

Response Rate ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Pilot Survey ◽

Pattern Diagnosis ◽

The Difference ◽

Guipi Decoction

Introduction. This study aims to investigate the clinical practice states on the diagnosis and treatment for insomnia between Korean medical general practitioners (KMGPs) and Korean medical neuropsychiatry specialists (KMNPSs). Methods. We distributed questionnaires via email or in person to 1,017 KMGPs and via email to 165 KMNPSs. We collected and analyzed responses from 305 (30.00%) KMGPs and 53 (32.12%) KMNPSs. Results. Most KMGPs and KMNPSs responded that the number of new patients visiting the clinic for treatment of insomnia was less than 10 per month (78.2%). Frequently utilized therapies for insomnia are acupuncture and herbal decoctions. Particularly acupoint GV20 and Guipi decoction were chosen with the highest response rate. There was no difference between KMNPSs and KMGPs in the traditional Korean medical diagnosis methods. However, KMNPSs utilized more various methods to diagnose, treat, and evaluate insomnia and educated more actively sleep hygiene compared to KMGPs. Conclusions. This survey showed how insomnia is currently diagnosed and treated in Korean medical care settings. Moreover, we identified some differences between KMNPSs and KMGPs. Further research is required to explore the underlying reasons for these discrepancies among KMDs and to improve the quality of Korean medical clinical practice in treating insomnia.

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