Correction to: A rapid review of early guidance to prevent and control COVID-19 in custodial settings

ObjectivesRelevant guidelines and consensuses for COVID-19 contain recommendations aimed at optimising the management in paediatric wards. The goal of this study was to determine the quality of those recommendations and provide suggestions to hospital managers for the adjustment of existing hospital prevention and control strategies, and also to offer recommendations for further research.DesignA rapid review of the guidelines and consensuses for the management in paediatric wards facing COVID-19.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, UpToDate, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Wanfang database and relevant websites such as medlive.cn, dxy.cn, the National Health and Health Commission and the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention were systematically searched through late May 2020. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool was then used to assess the quality of the selected articles and summarise the relevant evidence concerning management in paediatric wards.ResultsA total of 35 articles were included, composed of 3 consensus guidelines, 25 expert consensuses and 7 expert opinions. Of the 35 papers, 24 were from China, 2 from the USA, 1 from Spain, 1 from Brazil, 1 from Saudi Arabia and 6 from multinational cooperative studies. Scores for the six domains of the AGREE II tool (scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigour of development, clarity of presentation, applicability and editorial independence) were 98.57%, 53.57%, 17.92%, 69.62%, 26.96% and 50.35%, respectively. Recommendations for nosocomial infection and control, human resource management as well as management of paediatric patients and their families were summarised.ConclusionsDue to the outbreak of COVID-19, the quality of rapid guidelines and consensuses for the management in paediatric wards affected by COVID-19 is unsatisfactory. In the future, it will be necessary to develop more high-quality guidelines or consensuses for the management in paediatric wards to deal with nosocomial outbreaks in order to fully prepare for emergency medical and health problems.

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COVID-19 prevention and control measures in workplace settings: a rapid review and meta-analysis

10.31219/osf.io/vn7x6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carolyn Ingram ◽

Vicky Downey ◽

Mark Roe ◽

Fionn Cléirigh Büttner ◽

Yanbing Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Control Measures ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Post Intervention ◽

And Control

Workplaces are high-risk environments for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent community transmission. Identifying, understanding, and implementing effective workplace SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control (IPC) measures is critical to protect workers, their families, and communities. A rapid review and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesize evidence assessing the effectiveness of COVID-19 IPC measures implemented in global workplace settings through April 2021. Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies that quantitatively assessed the effectiveness of workplace COVID-19 IPC measures. Included studies comprised varying empirical designs and occupational settings. Measures of interest included surveillance measures, outbreak investigations, personal protective equipment (PPE), changes in work arrangements, and worker education. Sixty-three studies from international healthcare, nursing home, meatpacking, manufacturing, and office settings were included, accounting for ~280,000 employees. Meta-analyses showed that combined measures (0.2% positivity; 95%CI 0-0.4%) were associated with lower post-intervention employee COVID-19 positivity estimates than single measures like asymptomatic PCR testing (1.7%; 95%CI 0.9-2.9%) and universal masking (24%; 95%CI 3.4-55.5%). Modelling studies showed that combinations of (i) timely and widespread contact tracing and case isolation, (ii) facilitating smaller worker cohorts, and (iii) effective use of PPE can reduce workplace transmission. Comprehensive COVID-19 IPC measures incorporating swift contact tracing and case isolation, PPE, and facility zoning, can effectively prevent workplace outbreaks. Masking alone should not be considered as sufficient protection from SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in workplace environments at high risk of virus transmission.

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Review of Infective Dose, Routes of Transmission, and Outcome of COVID-19 Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Virus: Comparison with Other Respiratory Viruses

10.20944/preprints202007.0613.v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sedighe Karimzadeh ◽

Raj Bhopal ◽

Huy Nguyen Tien

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Control Strategies ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Respiratory Viruses ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Viral Dynamics ◽

Infective Dose ◽

And Control ◽

The Relationship

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is pandemic. Prevention and control strategies require an improved understanding of SARS-CoV-2 dynamics. We did a rapid review of the literature on SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics with a focus on infective dose. We sought comparisons of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. We examined laboratory animal, and human studies. The literature on infective dose, transmission, and routes of exposure was limited specially in humans, and varying endpoints were used for measurement of infection. We propose the minimum infective dose of COVID-19 in humans, is higher than 100 particles, possibly slightly lower than the 700 particles estimated for H1N1 influenza. Despite variability in animal studies, there was some evidence that increased dose at exposure correlated with higher viral load clinically, and severer symptoms. Higher viral load measures did not reflect COVID-19 severity. Aerosol transmission seemed to raise the risk of more severe respiratory complications in animals. An accurate quantitative estimate of the infective dose of SARS-CoV-2 in humans is not currently feasible and needs further research. Further work is also required on the relationship between routes of transmission, infective dose, co-infection, and outcomes.

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Gestão e Controlo da Asma em Países de Expressão Portuguesa

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.11927 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 269

Author(s):

Ana Beatriz Nunes ◽

Ana Pinto de Oliveira ◽

Aua Jamanca ◽

Duarte Vital Brito ◽

Nádia Mendes da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Disease Management ◽

Technological Development ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Asthma Management ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Integrated Disease Management ◽

Control Programs ◽

And Control

Introduction: Asthma affects more than 339 million people worldwide. In the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries, in 2016, its prevalence ranged from 9.5% (Portugal) to 3.91% (Brazil). Chronic disease management programs aim to improve the health status of patients with chronic disease and reduce associated costs. The objective of this study is to identify models of asthma asthma ‘management and control’ that are that are implemented in the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP), and analyse them through the integrated disease management model.Material and Methods: A rapid review of the PubMed indexed scientific literature and grey literature on ‘management and control of asthma’ in the countries of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries was carried out.Results: Portugal, Brazil and Mozambique presented publications on ‘management and control of asthma’, at different stages of implementation. Clinical management and organization and service delivery are the dimensions of integrated disease management mostaddressed in publications.Discussion: The implementation of asthma management and control programs is influenced by health systems, care delivery structures, and the surrounding political and social environment. The dimensions of funding and information systems are the most difficult to implement given the degree of economic, social and technological development of most countries under study.Conclusion: Only Portugal, Brazil and Mozambique adopted asthma integrated disease management as the main form of asthma management and control. The programs developed by these countries can constitute a model for asthma integrated disease management in the other countries under study.

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Beyond command and control: A rapid review of meaningful community-engaged responses to COVID-19

Global Public Health ◽

10.1080/17441692.2021.1900316 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Rene Loewenson ◽

Christopher J. Colvin ◽

Felipe Szabzon ◽

Sayan Das ◽

Renu Khanna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Command And Control ◽

Rapid Review ◽

And Control

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A rapid systematic review and case study on test, contact tracing, testing, and isolation policies for Covid-19 prevention and control

10.1101/2020.06.04.20122614 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sheng-Chia Chung ◽

Sushila Marlow ◽

Nicholas Tobias ◽

Ivano Alogna ◽

Alessio Alogna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Search Terms ◽

Government Documents ◽

Research Designs ◽

The Uk ◽

And Control

AbstractObjectivesTo conduct a rapid review on the efficacy and policy of contact tracing, testing, and isolation (TTI) in Covid-19 prevention and control, including a case study for their delivery.MethodResearch articles and reviews on the use of contact tracing, testing, self-isolation and quarantine for Covid-19 management published in English within 1 year (2019 to 28th May, 2020) were eligible to the review. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, SCOPUS and JSTOR with search terms included “contact tracing” or “testing” or “self-isolation” or “quarantine” in the title in combination with “Covid-19” or “COVID-19” or “coronavirus” in the title or abstract. Studies not associated with TTI or Covid-19 or being solely commentary were excluded. A narrative synthesis with a tabulation system was used to analyse studies for their diverse research designs, methods, and implications. Data for the case study were obtained from the Ministry of Health and Welfare and Centers for Disease Control Taiwan.ResultsAmong the 160 initial publications, 48 eligible studies are included in the review. Included studies applied various designs: experiments, clinical studies, Government Documents, systematic reviews, observational studies, surveys, practice guidelines, technical reports. A case study on TTI delivery is summarised based on policy and procedures in Taiwan.ConclusionsThe information included in the review may inform the TTI program in the UK.

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Nations’ Responses and Control Measures in Confrontation with the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Rapid Review

10.20944/preprints202003.0328.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Parinaz Tabari ◽

Mitra Amini ◽

Mohsen Moghadami ◽

Mahsa Moosavi

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Control Measures ◽

Rapid Review ◽

The Novel ◽

Rapid Rate ◽

The World ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

And Control

The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a significant concern in many countries due to the rapid rate of transmission between humans. Taking advantage of the experience of the last epidemics in 2002 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and 2012 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), some regions of the world were well- prepared for the new outbreak. However, other countries needed to be adapted to the situation promptly. Many management strategies were established, and some restrictions were introduced in some regions. In this review, we aimed to determine countries’ public responses to the epidemic of COVID-19 and how they developed administrative approaches towards the outbreak.

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Effectiveness of face masks worn in community settings at reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A rapid review

HRB Open Research ◽

10.12688/hrbopenres.13161.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Daniela Rohde ◽

Susan Ahern ◽

Barbara Clyne ◽

Laura Comber ◽

Susan Spillane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infection Prevention ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Control Measures ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Community Settings ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control

Background: The use of face masks is part of a suite of infection prevention and control measures intended to limit the transmission of respiratory viral diseases. The use of face masks by the general public has been subject to ongoing debate, with limited direct evidence on the effectiveness of face masks in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this review was to synthesise direct evidence on the effectiveness of wearing face masks at reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in community settings. Methods: A rapid review was conducted. PubMed, Embase, NHS Evidence and Europe PMC were searched systematically from 1 January to 27 August 2020. Clinical trials, cohort, case control, and cross-sectional studies were included if they reported on the effectiveness of face masks in community settings at reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Studies were critically appraised and synthesised narratively. Results: Seven observational studies were identified, including one study set in households and six in community settings, that reported on the effectiveness of wearing face masks compared with not wearing face masks at reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Results suggested that face masks reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, all studies were at high risk of bias and the quality of the evidence was low. Conclusions: This is to date the most comprehensive review of direct evidence on the effectiveness of wearing face masks in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is limited, low certainty direct evidence that wearing face masks reduces the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in community settings. Further high quality studies are required to confirm these findings.

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Malaysia’s Health Systems Response to COVID-19

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182111109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (21) ◽

pp. 11109

Author(s):

Zen Yang Ang ◽

Kit Yee Cheah ◽

Md. Sharif Shakirah ◽

Weng Hong Fun ◽

Jailani Anis-Syakira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

World Health Organisation ◽

World Health ◽

Rapid Review ◽

The Government ◽

Services And Supports ◽

Isolation Systems ◽

Cordon Sanitaire ◽

Available Information ◽

And Control ◽

Equity Of Access

This study aimed to highlight the COVID-19 response by the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Government of Malaysia in order to share Malaysia’s lessons and to improve future pandemic preparedness. The team conducted a rapid review using publicly available information from MOH, PubMed, and World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Research on Coronavirus Disease Database to compile Malaysia’s responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Measures taken between 31 December 2019 and 3 June 2020 were classified into domains as well as the pillars described in the WHO COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (WHO SPRP). Malaysia’s response incorporated all pillars in the WHO SPRP and consisted of five domains, (i) whole-of-government, (ii) cordon sanitaire/lockdown, (iii) equity of access to services and supports, (iv) quarantine and isolation systems, and (v) legislation and enforcement. Some crucial measures taken were activation of a centralised multi-ministerial coordination council where MOH acted as an advisor, with collaboration from non-government organisations and private sectors which enabled an effective targeted screening approach, provision of subsidised COVID-19 treatment and screening, isolation or quarantine of all confirmed cases, close contacts and persons under investigation, with all strategies applied irrespective of citizenship. This was provided for by way of the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases Act 1988. A combination of these measures enabled the nation to contain the COVID-19 outbreak by the end of June 2020.

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Knowledge, attitude and practices pertaining to healthy lifestyle in prevention and control of chronic diseases: a rapid review

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213822 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 5106

Author(s):

Saba Naaz

Keyword(s):

Behaviour Change ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Change Strategies ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

Unhealthy Diet ◽

Epistemological Analysis ◽

And Control ◽

The Relationship

With the emergence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), healthy lifestyle has become critical to not only reduce the burden of NCDs, but also to prevent complications and severity of these diseases. Knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) pertaining to healthy lifestyle play an important role in determining the occurrence and progress of NCDs. KAP elements are interrelated and dependent on each other. While awareness campaigns provide necessary information to people on healthy lifestyle, how well this information is utilised is a grey area. The objective of this rapid review is to understand the relationship between KAP elements pertaining to healthy lifestyle among individuals who are at risk of developing NCDs and those who are living with NCDs. For this purpose, a rapid review of articles available on Google scholar and Pubmed was conducted. Articles focusing on KAP elements pertaining to healthy lifestyle from the year 2015-2021 were reviewed. Findings from the reviewed studies suggested that people have knowledge about the harmful effects of unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco and alcohol. People have a positive attitude towards healthy lifestyle, however, being knowledgeable and having a positive attitude did not translate into practicing healthy lifestyle due to multiple barriers to translate existing knowledge into practice. Since practice scores are poor among people, existing behaviour change strategies must be re-examined. An epistemological analysis of existing human behaviour with identified barriers and facilitators to adopt healthy lifestyle can help in formulating sustainable and effective social and behaviour change interventions.

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