scholarly journals Discovering the evolution of Jacques-Louis David’s portrait of Antoine-Laurent and Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze Lavoisier

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia A. Centeno ◽  
Dorothy Mahon ◽  
Federico Carò ◽  
David Pullins
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Oil Painting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
Maximum Coverage ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Technical Study ◽  
High Level

AbstractJacques-Louis David’s (1748–1825) iconic portrait of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743–1794) and Marie-Anne Lavoisier (Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze, 1758–1836) has come to epitomize a modern couple born of the Enlightenment. An analytical approach that combined macro-X-ray fluorescence with the examination and microanalysis of samples by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry to investigate imprecise indications of changes to the composition observed by microscopy and infrared refectography allowed the visualization of a hidden composition with a high level of detail. The results revealed that the first version depicted not the progressive, scientific-minded couple that we see today, but their other identity, that of wealthy tax collectors and fashionable luxury consumers. The first version and the changes to the composition are placed in the context of David’s mastery of the oil painting technique by examining how he concealed colorful features in the first composition by using paint mixtures that allowed for maximum coverage with thin paint layers. The limitations of the analytical techniques used are also discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first in-depth technical study of a painting by J.-L. David.

Technical Study of a set of Metallic Artifacts from the Maya Site of Lagartero, Chiapas, Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 1374 ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Peñuelas Guerrero ◽  
Ingrid Jiménez Cosme ◽  
Pilar Tapia López ◽  
José Luis Ruvalcaba Sil ◽  
Jesús Arenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
South American ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Technical Study ◽  
Maya Site ◽  
Chichen Itza ◽  
Elemental Depth ◽  
Metallic Artifacts

ABSTRACTDuring the excavations made at a burial of the post-Classic Mayan period (1220-1521 A.D.) in the pyramid number 2 of the pre-Hispanic site of Lagartero, Chiapas, Mexico, a set of four small metallic artifacts depicting reptile’s heads, were recovered. The objects were in poor conservation conditions and were taken to the Metal Conservation Laboratory of the National School of Conservation (ENCRyM- INAH) for suitable cleaning and conservation treatments.Analyses allowed identifying important technological features such as gilding remains. The analytical techniques included optical microscopy followed by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF), and Scanning Electron Microscope-coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (MEB-EDS). For the elemental depth profile a combined Particle X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (PIXE–RBS) analysis was carried out.The results indicate that the objects are made of a copper alloy, and then gilded probably using electrochemical replacement gilding (thickness has less than 1 μm). This technology has been observed in other metallic objects recovered from the Chichen-Itza Cenote in Yucatan, but it was not available in Mesoamerican areas so far. So, it could imply that these artifacts might have been imported from South American areas.

scholarly journals Development of a multi-method analytical approach based on the combination of synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-analytical techniques and vibrational micro-spectroscopy methods to unveil the causes and mechanism of darkening of “fake-gilded” decorations in a Cimabue painting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Monico ◽  
Silvia Prati ◽  
Giorgia Sciutto ◽  
Emilio Catelli ◽  
Aldo Romani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Redox Processes ◽  
X Ray

Redox processes activated by environmental factors have been identified as the main cause of the chromatic alterations of a number of artists’ pigments, including the yellow pigment orpiment (As2S3). Although...

scholarly journals Analytical study of the XIV century wall painting and lime mortars in the "St. George" church in Staro Nagoričane, Republic of Macedonia

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Robeva Čukovska ◽  
Tena Šijakova Ivanova ◽  
Živko Kokolanski
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

This work presents the first comprehensive study of the wall painting in the “St. George” church accomplished mainly by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy using Diffuse Reflectance and Micro-Infrared method (FTIR/DRS/Micro-IR) and the other analytical techniques Optical microscopy (OM), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The main research objective was characterization of the artistic palette and painting technique, but also determination of the degradation products and observed alterations to the wall painting. Additionally, the lime mortars (plaster and renders) located immediately behind the studied wall painting were analyzed. The analysis demonstrated that mainly natural/mineral pigments were used in the artwork and the majority of painting was executed in combination of fresco and lime-painting technique. The major risk factor in the painting deterioration was found to be the salt efflorescence, which mostly occurred as oxalates and sulfates. 

scholarly journals Technical study of Germolles’ wall paintings: the inputof imaging technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Degrigny ◽  
Francesca Piqué ◽  
Nutsa Papiashvili ◽  
Julien Guery ◽  
Alamin Mansouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Courtly Love ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
Conservation Condition ◽  
Technical Study ◽  
Scientific Documentation

<p class="VARAbstract">The <em>Château de Germolles</em> is one of the rare palace in France dating from the 14<sup>th</sup> century. The noble floor is decorated with wall paintings that are a unique example of courtly love spirit that infused the princely courts of the time. After being concealed sometime in the 19<sup>th</sup> century, the paintings were rediscovered and uncovered in the middle of the 20<sup>th</sup> century and partly restored at the end of the 1990s. No scientific documentation accompanied these interventions and important questions, such as the level of authenticity of the mural decorations and the original painting technique(s) used in the medieval times remained unanswered. The combined scientific and financial supports of COSCH Cost Action and DRAC-Burgundy enabled to study Germolles’ wall paintings using some of the most innovative imaging and analytical techniques and to address some of the questions raised. The study provided significant information on the material used in the medieval times and on the conservation condition of the paintings. The data collected is vast and varied and exposed the owners of the property to the challenges of data management.</p>

scholarly journals Exploring Liu Kang’s Paris Practice (1929–1932): Insight into Painting Materials and Technique

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 828-863
Author(s):  
Damian Lizun ◽  
Teresa Kurkiewicz ◽  
Bogusław Szczupak
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Early Career ◽  
National Gallery ◽  
Lead White ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Colour Palette ◽  
Technical Study ◽  
Insight Into

This paper presents the results of an extensive study of 14 paintings by the pioneering Singapore artist Liu Kang (1911–2004). The paintings are from the National Gallery Singapore and Liu family collections. The aim of the study is to elucidate the painting technique and materials from the artist’s early oeuvre, Paris, spanning the period from 1929 to 1932. The artworks were studied with a wide array of non- and micro-invasive analytical techniques, supplemented with the historical information derived from the Liu family archives and contemporary colourmen catalogues. The results showed that the artist was able to create compositions with a limited colour palette and had a preferential use of commercially available ultramarine, viridian, chrome yellow, iron oxides, organic reds, lead white, and bone black bound in oil that was highlighted. This study identified other minor pigments that appeared as hue modifications or were used sporadically, such as cobalt blue, Prussian blue, emerald green, cadmium yellow, cobalt yellow, and zinc white. With regard to the painting technique, the artist explored different styles and demonstrated a continuous development of his brushwork and was undoubtedly influenced by Modernists’ artworks. This comprehensive technical study of Liu Kang’s paintings from the Paris phase may assist art historians and conservators in the evaluation of the artist’s early career and aid conservation diagnostics and treatment of his artworks. Furthermore, the identified painting materials can be compared with those used by other artists active in Paris during the same period.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Layered and ion implantation specimens as possible reference materials for the electron-probe microanalysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1652-1653
Author(s):  
G. Remond ◽  
R.H. Packwood ◽  
C. Gilles ◽  
S. Chryssoulis
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Analytical Expressions ◽  
Original Approach ◽  
Depth Concentration

Merits and limitations of layered and ion implanted specimens as possible reference materials to calibrate spatially resolved analytical techniques are discussed and illustrated for the case of gold analysis in minerals by means of x-ray spectrometry with the EPMA. To overcome the random heterogeneities of minerals, thin film deposition and ion implantation may offer an original approach to the manufacture of controlled concentration/ distribution reference materials for quantification of trace elements with the same matrix as the unknown.In order to evaluate the accuracy of data obtained by EPMA we have compared measured and calculated x-ray intensities for homogeneous and heterogeneous specimens. Au Lα and Au Mα x-ray intensities were recorded at various electron beam energies, and hence at various sampling depths, for gold coated and gold implanted specimens. X-ray intensity calculations are based on the use of analytical expressions for both the depth ionization Φ (ρz) and the depth concentration C (ρz) distributions respectively.

Vivid Imagers Are Better at Detecting Salient Changes

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rodway ◽  
Karen Gillies ◽  
Astrid Schepman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Change Detection Task ◽  
Term Change ◽  
High Level

This study examined whether individual differences in the vividness of visual imagery influenced performance on a novel long-term change detection task. Participants were presented with a sequence of pictures, with each picture and its title displayed for 17  s, and then presented with changed or unchanged versions of those pictures and asked to detect whether the picture had been changed. Cuing the retrieval of the picture's image, by presenting the picture's title before the arrival of the changed picture, facilitated change detection accuracy. This suggests that the retrieval of the picture's representation immunizes it against overwriting by the arrival of the changed picture. The high and low vividness participants did not differ in overall levels of change detection accuracy. However, in replication of Gur and Hilgard (1975) , high vividness participants were significantly more accurate at detecting salient changes to pictures compared to low vividness participants. The results suggest that vivid images are not characterised by a high level of detail and that vivid imagery enhances memory for the salient aspects of a scene but not all of the details of a scene. Possible causes of this difference, and how they may lead to an understanding of individual differences in change detection, are considered.

Radiological safety and assessment of the performance of X-ray systems in veterinary facilities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Economides ◽  
C.J. Hourdakis ◽  
C. Pafilis ◽  
G. Simantirakis ◽  
P. Tritakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Atomic Energy Commission ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Public ◽  
Radiological Safety ◽  
High Level

This paper concerns an analysis regarding the performance of X-ray equipment as well as the radiological safety in veterinary facilities. Data were collected from 380 X-ray veterinary facilities countrywide during the on-site regulatory inspections carried out by the Greek Atomic Energy Commission. The analysis of the results shows that the majority of the veterinary radiographic systems perform within the acceptable limits; moreover, the design and shielding of X-ray rooms as well as the applied procedures ensure a high level of radiological safety for the practitioners, operators and the members of the public. An issue that requires specific attention in the optimization process for the proper implementation of veterinary radiology practices in terms of radiological safety is the continuous training of the personnel. The above findings and the regulatory experience gained were valuable decision-making elements regarding the type of the regulatory control of veterinary radiology practices in the new radiation protection framework.

Der Einfluß der Inaktivitätsosteoporose auf die szintigraphische Darstellung knöcherner Verletzungen im Bereich des Handgelenks

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Spitz ◽  
N. Clemenz ◽  
K. Tittel ◽  
H. Weigand
Keyword(s):  
Bone Scintigraphy ◽  
Plaster Cast ◽  
Scaphoid Bone ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Level ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

In addition to its established oncological indications the sensitivity of bone scintigraphy is of steadily increasing significance in traumatology. Inactivity- induced osteoporosis plays a major role during the immobilization period in the plaster cast. In the region of the joints remodelling intensity may reach such a high level that the non-injured bone shows a higher rate of accumulation than the fracture. This process already begins between the third and fourth week of immobilization. The highest uptake is found after fracture of the scaphoid bone at the end of twelve weeks of immobilization. Control scintigraphies at intervals of several days are indicated to differentiate between various clinical conditions (pseudoarthrosis, activated osteoarthrosis, algodystrophy in case of doubtful x-ray results).

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