scholarly journals Do changes in divorce legislation have an impact on divorce rates? The case of unilateral divorce in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Latin American ◽  
State Level ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Unilateral Divorce

Abstract In 2008, Mexico City was the first entity to approve unilateral divorce in Mexico. Since then, 17 states out of 31 have also moved to eliminate fault-based divorce. In this paper, I investigate the effect of the changes in unilateral legislation on divorce rates in Mexico, given the remarkable growth of divorce rates over the past few decades in the country, but especially after the introduction of unilateral divorce. Following a difference-in-differences methodology, two models are developed using panel state-level data. The results indicate that divorce on no grounds accounts for a 26.4% increase in the total number of divorces in the adopting states during the period 2009–2015. Moreover, since no-fault divorce has been implemented gradually in the country, the rising trend in divorce rates is expected to continue over the coming years. Unilateral legislation has proved to be an effective tool in modifying family structures in Mexico, so it is important to be aware of the short- and medium-term consequences of the shift toward divorce on no grounds, in order to improve the delivery of these policies in the country. This is especially important at this point in time, when 14 remaining states may potentially adopt unilateral legislation. This paper is the first one to address the effect of adopting unilateral divorce in the context of a Latin American country.

Legalization of Medical Cannabis and Site of Death: Evidence From National Vital Statistics Mortality Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110587
Author(s):  
Divya Bhagianadh ◽  
Kanika Arora
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
Poor Outcomes

We examined whether Medical Marijuana Legislation (MML) was associated with site of death. Using state-level data (1992–2018) from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), we employed difference-in-differences method to compare changes in death rate among older adults at four sites—nursing home (NH), hospital, home, hospice/other—over time in states with and without MML. Heterogeneity analyses were conducted by timing of MML adoption, and by decedent characteristics. Results show a negative association between MML implementation and NH deaths. Among early adopters (states with weakly regulated programs) and decedents with musculoskeletal disorders, there was a positive association between MML implementation and hospital deaths, whereas among late adopters (states with “medicalized” programs), there was a positive association between MML implementation and hospice deaths. Decline in NH deaths may reflect increased likelihood of transfers due to threat of Federal enforcement, penalties for poor outcomes, and liability concerns. Future studies should examine these associations further.

On the Weak Mortality Returns of the Prison Boom: Comparing Infant Mortality and Homicide in the Incarceration Ledger

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Light ◽  
Joey Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
State Level ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Instrumental Variable Estimation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level Data

The justifications for the dramatic expansion of the prison population in recent decades have focused on public safety. Prior research on the efficacy of incarceration offers support for such claims, suggesting that increased incarceration saves lives by reducing the prevalence of homicide. We challenge this view by arguing that the effects of mass incarceration include collateral infant mortality consequences that call into question the number of lives saved through increased imprisonment. Using an instrumental variable estimation on state-level data from 1978 to 2010, this article simultaneously considers the effects of imprisonment on homicide and infant mortality to examine two of the countervailing mortality consequences of mass incarceration. Results suggest that while incarceration saves lives by lowering homicide rates, these gains are largely offset by the increases in infant mortality. Adjusted figures that count the number of increased infant deaths attributable to incarceration suggest that the mortality benefits of imprisonment over the past three decades are 82% lower than previously thought.

scholarly journals Where you Live Matters: A Spatial Analysis of COVID-19 Mortality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Javaheri
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
State Level ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Choropleth Mapping ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Mortality Ratio

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused ~ 2 million fatalities. Significant progress has been made in advancing our understanding of the disease process, one of the unanswered questions, however, is the anomaly in the case/mortality ratio with Mexico as a clear example. Herein, this anomaly is explored by spatial analysis and whether mortality varies locally according to local factors. To address this, hexagonal cartogram maps (hexbin) used to spatially map COVID-19 mortality and visualise association with patient-level data on demographics and pre-existing health conditions. This was further interrogated at local Mexico City level by choropleth mapping. Our data show that the use of hexagonal cartograms is a better approach for spatial mapping of COVID-19 data in Mexico as it addresses bias in area size and population. We report sex/age-related spatial relationship with mortality amongst the Mexican states and a trend between health conditions and mortality at the state level. Within Mexico City, there is a clear south, north divide with higher mortality in the northern municipalities. Deceased patients in these northern municipalities have the highest pre-existing health conditions. Taken together, this study provides an improved presentation of COVID-19 mapping in Mexico and demonstrates spatial divergence of the mortality in Mexico.

Transgressive Mexicana sexualities and the promise of progress

Sexualities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1097-1112
Author(s):  
Anahi Russo Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Linear Process ◽  
Sexual Education ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Sexual Morality ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Queer Spaces

Latin American and Latina women's sexualities have often been represented, and theorized, along the terms of sexual morality, restraint and emancipation. In this article, I explore how sexual norms have changed for women in queer spaces in Mexico City over the past two decades. I suggest that sexual practices that were characterized as transgressive in 2000 became normalized in lesbian circles in the following decade, in the 2010s. Ten years of public discussions on sexual education, abortion, anti-discrimination laws, same-sex unions, and in lesbian circles on polyamory had taken place transforming gender and sexual subjectivities. Ultimately, as I reflect on change regarding gender and sexualities, I caution against the tendency of depicting social transformations in a linear process, which risks drawing on teleological narratives of progress.

scholarly journals European social model and opportunities for strengthening Welfare State in Latin America

2020 ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
Eleonora Ermolieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
Working People ◽  
The Welfare State

The article contains a comparative analysis of European and Latin American models of the Welfare State. The author shows that the experience of formation the European social paradigm has been carefully studied in Latin American region in the past, and is taken into account nowadays, when all the countries over the planet are faced with the dramatic consequences of the Covid-19 corona virus pandemic. The labor market crisis, a sharp decline in living standards objectively forces the Social States on both sides of the Atlantic to search for medium term strategies for social protection of working people and the most vulnerable strata of society. The hypothesis is put forward that the European-Latin American сooperation in the social field of government policy will help to find the most optimal measures for overcoming the difficulties that have arisen.

scholarly journals Did Unilateral Divorce Laws Raise Divorce Rates? A Reconciliation and New Results

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1802-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Wolfers
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Coase Theorem ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
The Past ◽  
Divorce Laws ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Unilateral Divorce ◽  
Past Half

Applying the Coase Theorem to marital bargaining suggests that shifting from consent to unilateral divorce laws will not affect divorce rates. I show that existing evidence suggesting large effects of divorce laws on divorce rates reflect a failure to explicitly model the dynamic response of divorce rates to a shock to the legal regime. When accounting for these dynamics, I find that unilateral divorce spiked following the adoption of unilateral divorce laws, but that this rise largely reversed itself within a decade. Overall, these changes in family law explain very little of the rise in divorce over the past half-century.

Engagement Through the Diaspora Channel

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Danielson
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Municipal Level

The first empirical task is to identify the characteristics of municipalities which US-based migrants have come together to support financially. Using a nationwide, municipal-level data set compiled by the author, the chapter estimates several multivariate statistical models to compare municipalities that did not benefit from the 3x1 Program for Migrants with those that did, and seeks to explain variation in the number and value of 3x1 projects. The analysis shows that migrants are more likely to contribute where migrant civil society has become more deeply institutionalized at the state level and in places with longer histories as migrant-sending places. Furthermore, the results suggest that political factors are at play, as projects have disproportionately benefited states and municipalities where the PAN had a stronger presence, with fewer occurring elsewhere.

Uncommon Grounds

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
Latin American Literature ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
American Novel ◽  
Song Of Solomon ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us

This chapter turns from a historical account of the development of the US literature of experience and the Latin American literature of reading to a textual analysis of the US and Latin American historical novel. Hemispheric/inter-American scholars often cite William Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom! (1936), Gabriel García Márquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967), and Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon (1977) as exemplifying instances of literary borrowing across the North–South divide. As I demonstrate, however, each of the later texts also realigns its predecessor’s historical imaginary according to the dominant logics of the US and Latin American literary fields. Whereas the American works foreground experiential models of reconstructing the past and conveying knowledge across generations, García Márquez’s Latin American novel presents reading as the fundamental mode of comprehending and transmitting history.

scholarly journals Who Really Benefits from Consumption Tax Cuts? Evidence from a Large VAT Reform in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Benzarti ◽  
Dorian Carloni
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Price Effects ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Firm Owners

This paper evaluates the incidence of a large cut in value-added taxes (VATs) for French sit-down restaurants in 2009. In contrast to previous studies, which only focus on the price effects of VAT reforms, we estimate the effects of the VAT cut on four groups: workers, firm owners, consumers, and suppliers of material goods. Using a difference-in-differences strategy on firm-level data, we find that: firm owners pocketed more than 55 percent of the VAT cut; consumers, sellers of material goods, and employees shared the remaining windfall with consumers benefiting the least; and the employment effects were limited. (JEL H22, H25, L83)

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