scholarly journals Conventional agrochemicals towards nano-biopesticides: an overview on recent advances

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danial Abdollahdokht ◽  
Yunhao Gao ◽  
Sanaz Faramarz ◽  
Alireza Poustforoosh ◽  
Mojtaba Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
General Population ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Microbial Pesticides ◽  
Environmentally Responsive ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
First Time

AbstractPesticides are classified into several groups based on their structure, including fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, bactericides, and rodenticides. Pesticides are toxic to both humans and pests. For pest control, a very small amount of pesticides reach their target pests. Therefore, nearly all pesticides move through the environment and exert adverse effects on beneficial biota and public health. These chemicals pollute the water, soil, and atmosphere of the ecosystem. Agricultural workers in greenhouses and open fields, exterminators of house pests, and workers in the pesticide industry are occupationally exposed to pesticides. Pesticide exposure in the general population primarily happens through the consumption of food and water contaminated with pesticide residues; however, substantial exposure can also occur outside or inside the house. Currently, intelligent, responsive, biodegradable, and biocompatible materials have attracted considerable interest for the formulation of green, safe, and efficient pesticides. It was indicated that utilizing nanotechnology to design and prepare targeted pesticides with an environmentally responsive controlled release via chemical modifications and compounds offers great potential for creating new formulations. Furthermore, biopesticides include microbial pesticides, which are naturally happening biochemical pesticides. In addition, pesticidal substances generated by plants with added genetic materials, i.e., plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs), have emerged. Based on the foregoing evidence, various types of pesticides are summarized in this review for the first time. Here, new pesticides including nano-pesticides and biopesticides are discussed while focusing on the most recent findings on targeted and safe nano-formulated biopesticides and nano-pesticides. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Household pesticide exposure and depression syndromes: evidence from NHANES, 2005-2014

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Guang Hao
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The effect of household pesticide exposure on depression symptoms in general population is underexplored, and the role of exercise in the association between pesticide exposure and depression symptoms is unclear. The goals of this study are to examine whether the association of household pesticide exposure and depression symptoms exist in general population, and, if so, whether exercise can attenuate the effect of household pesticide on depression symptoms.Methods We used data from the 2005-2014 NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys), including a total of 14 708 US adult participants ≥ 20 years old. Depression symptoms was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).Results The prevalence of depression symptoms was significantly higher in participants who exposed to household pesticide compared to those not (28.9% vs. 21.1%, P <0.001). Household pesticide exposure was significantly associated with risk of depression symptoms. A significant interaction between exercise and pesticide exposure on depression symptoms was observed ( P =0.038). The prevalence of depression symptoms was significantly higher in pesticide exposure group compared to the control group (35.0% vs. 24.9%, P <0.001) in the population with light physical activity. However, we did not find a significant association in the group with moderate + vigorous physical activity.Conclusion This study further confirmed that household pesticide exposure is associated with a high risk of depression symptoms in the general population. More importantly, we for the first time reported that exercise tends to attenuate the effect of household pesticide exposure on depression symptoms.

The CARE Telematics Network for the Surveillance of Influenza in Europe

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bensadon ◽  
A. Strauss ◽  
R. Snacken
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Surveillance Networks ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
National Networks ◽  
First Time

Abstract:Since the 1950s, national networks for the surveillance of influenza have been progressively implemented in several countries. New epidemiological arguments have triggered changes in order to increase the sensitivity of existent early warning systems and to strengthen the communications between European networks. The WHO project CARE Telematics, which collects clinical and virological data of nine national networks and sends useful information to public health administrations, is presented. From the results of the 1993-94 season, the benefits of the system are discussed. Though other telematics networks in this field already exist, it is the first time that virological data, absolutely essential for characterizing the type of an outbreak, are timely available by other countries. This argument will be decisive in case of occurrence of a new strain of virus (shift), such as the Spanish flu in 1918. Priorities are now to include other existing European surveillance networks.

“cool and clean”: does prevention of substance abuse work in sport?

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
General Population ◽  
Prevention Programme ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Umbrella Organisation ◽  
International Attention ◽  
National Prevention ◽  
Preventive Effects

There is a strong belief among the general population that sport has positive effects. However, only some preventive effects of sport meet these high expectations. Numerous studies have specifically shown that sport does not protect people from the consumption of legal and illegal drugs such as alcohol, tobacco and cannabis. For this reason, the umbrella organisation of Swiss sports associations (Swiss Olympic), the Federal Office of Sport (FOSPO) and the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) teamed up as early as 2003 and launched the “cool and clean” prevention programme. Over the last 14 years, it has developed into Switzerland’s largest national prevention programme and has also attracted international attention. This article summarizes how “cool and clean” works and what the programme achieved so far.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Healthcare Workers in General Hospitals and Clinics in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3786
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Yoshihara ◽  
Kazuya Ito ◽  
Masayoshi Zaitsu ◽  
Eunhee Chung ◽  
Izumi Aoyagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
General Population ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Second Wave

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious public health problem worldwide. In general, healthcare workers are considered to be at higher risk of COVID-19 infection. However, the prevalence of COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Japan is not well characterized. In this study, we aimed to examine the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies among 2160 healthcare workers in hospitals and clinics that are not designated to treat COVID-19 patients in Japan. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G was 1.2% in August and October 2020 (during and after the second wave of the pandemic in Japan), which is relatively higher than that in the general population in Japan (0.03–0.91%). Because of the higher risk of COVID-19 infection, healthcare workers should be the top priority for further social support and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.

Healthcare and Terrorism: The Lebanese Experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nooreddine Iskandar ◽  
Tatiana Rahbany ◽  
Ali Shokor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background: Due to the common instability caused by political and security issues, Lebanese hospitals have experienced acts of terrorism multiple times. The most recent Beirut Explosion even forced several hospitals to cease operations for the first time in decades—but studies show the preparedness levels for such attacks in similar countries are low. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the experience of Lebanese hospitals with terrorist attacks. Methods: This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with various stakeholders to assess their experience with terrorist bombings. Data was analyzed using the thematic analysis method. Results: The researchers found that Lebanese hospitals vary greatly in their structures and procedures. Those differences are a function of 3 contextual factors: location, culture, and accreditation status. Hospitals found near ‘dangerous zones’ were more likely to be aware and to have better response to such events. A severe lack of communication, unity of command, and collaboration between stakeholders has made the process fragmented. Conclusion: The researchers recommend a larger role for the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) in this process, and the creation of a platform where Lebanese organizations can share their experiences to improve preparedness and resilience of the Lebanese healthcare system in the face of terrorism.

scholarly journals Engaging general population: Vaccine confidence, communication and mandatory law

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P L Lopalco
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Public Health Decision ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Vaccine Confidence

Abstract Hesitancy is defined as the reluctance or refusal to be vaccinated even in case of vaccine availability and is included by the WHO among the top ten threats to global health. Vaccine confidence is an essential component of the hesitancy. Fear of adverse events and lack of trust in vaccine efficacy discourage the public and drive them toward the choice of refusal. Misinformation and lack of effective communication strategies may seriously jeopardize vaccination programmes. Providing effective communication requires specific competencies that often are not part of the common core competencies of those involved in vaccination programmes. In particular, the rapid evolution of the communication environment due to novel technologies makes the task even more difficult. The general population in order to comply with the official vaccine recommendation throughout the life course is therefore a complex task. In the presence of worrying signals of lack of vaccine confidence, public health decision can be driven by emergency decisions rather than investing in mid-terms communication programmes. Vaccination mandates are public health measures that are proven to be effective in increasing vaccine uptake. Increasing anti-vaccine sentiment may be a potential negative trade-off. For this reason, the introduction of vaccination mandates should be combined with a structured communication strategy. In addition, vaccine sentiment should be actively monitored when any change in vaccine offer policy is implemented.

scholarly journals Willingness of Greek general population to get a COVID-19 vaccine

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Kourlaba ◽  
Eleni Kourkouni ◽  
Stefania Maistreli ◽  
Christina-Grammatiki Tsopela ◽  
Nafsika-Maria Molocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Epidemiological data indicate that a large part of population needs to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity. Hence, it is of high importance for public health officials to know whether people are going to get vaccinated for COVID-19. The objective of the present study was to examine the willingness of adult residents in Greece to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Methods A cross-sectional was survey conducted among the adult general population of Greece between April 28, 2020 to May 03, 2020 (last week of lockdown), using a mixed methodology for data collection: Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) and Computer Assisted web Interviewing (CAWI). Using a sample size calculator, the target sample size was found to be around 1000 respondents. To ensure a nationally representative sample of the urban/rural population according to the Greek census 2011, a proportionate stratified by region systematic sampling procedure was used to recruit particpants. Data collection was guided through a structured questionnaire. Regarding willingness to COVID-19 vaccination, participants were asked to answer the following question: “If there was a vaccine available for the novel coronavirus, would you do it?” Results Of 1004 respondents only 57.7% stated that they are going to get vaccinated for COVID-19. Respondents aged > 65 years old, those who either themselves or a member of their household belonged to a vulnerable group, those believing that the COVID-19 virus was not developed in laboratories by humans, those believing that coronavirus is far more contagious and lethal compared to the H1N1 virus, and those believing that next waves are coming were statistically significantly more likely to be willing to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Higher knowledge score regarding symptoms, transmission routes and prevention and control measures against COVID-19 was significantly associated with higher willingness of respondents to get vaccinated. Conclusion A significant proportion of individuals in the general population are unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, stressing the need for public health officials to take immediate awareness-raising measures.

Hepatitis B immunity in Australia: a comparison of national and prisoner population serosurveys

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (13) ◽  
pp. 2813-2821 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. GIDDING ◽  
D. MAHAJAN ◽  
J. REEKIE ◽  
A. R. LLOYD ◽  
D. E. DWYER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Previous Episode ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
First Time ◽  
Male Prisoners ◽  
Surface Antibody

SUMMARYIn Australia, hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination is recommended for injecting drug users (IDUs), Indigenous adults and prisoners. We compared immunity to HBV in prisoners and the general population obtained from national serosurveys in 2007. Individuals with HBV surface antibody (HBsAb) positive sera were considered immune from past infection [HBV core antibody (HBcAb) positive] or from vaccination (HBcAb negative). Male prisoners aged 18–58 years had a higher HBsAb seroprevalence than the general population (46·4% vs. 39·4%, P = 0·061). Comparison of HBcAb results was possible for males aged 18–29 years. In this group, higher HBsAb seroprevalence was due to past infection (12·9% vs. 3·0%, P < 0·001), rather than vaccine-conferred immunity (35·3% vs. 43·4%, P = 0·097). All prisoner groups, but especially IDUs, those of Indigenous heritage or those with a previous episode of imprisonment had higher levels of immunity from past infection than the general population (19·3%, 33·0%, 17·1%, respectively, vs. 3·0%, P < 0·05). Indigenous prisoners, non-IDUs and first-time entrants had significantly lower levels of vaccine-conferred immunity than the general population (26·4%, 26·2% and 20·7% respectively vs. 43·4%, P < 0·05). Improving prison-based HBV vaccination would prevent transmission in the prison setting and protect vulnerable members of the community who are at high risk of both infection and entering the prison system.

Life in Bridgetown, Barbados, According to the Westbury Cemetery Records 1877–1976

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Chami ◽  
Tara Inniss ◽  
Bernd Sing
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Public

AbstractWe perform a survival analysis on the records of the burials at the Westbury Cemetery, Barbados, between 1877 and 1976. The goal of the paper is to observe the stratified life expectancies of persons of particular time appropriate occupations. Comparing different occupations through time, amongst each other and to the general population, enables us to get some insights into the public health situations and living conditions of the persons working in the respective occupations.

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