scholarly journals Experiences of violence in daily life among adults in California: a population-representative survey

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Garen J. Wintemute ◽  
Amanda J. Aubel ◽  
Rocco Pallin ◽  
Julia P. Schleimer ◽  
Nicole Kravitz-Wirtz
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Personal Knowledge ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Ownership Status ◽  
Community Environments ◽  
Knowledge Of Persons

Abstract Background Research on violence exposure emphasizes discrete acute events such as direct and witnessed victimization. Little is known about the broad range of experiences of violence (EVs) in daily life. This study assesses the prevalence and patterns of distribution of 6 EVs in an adult general population. Methods California state-representative survey administered online (English and Spanish), July 14–27, 2020. Adult (age ≥ 18 years) California resident members of the Ipsos KnowledgePanel were eligible to participate. Two EVs concerned community environments: (1) the occurrence of gunshots and shootings in the neighborhood and (2) encounters with sidewalk memorials where violent deaths occurred. Four concerned social networks: direct personal knowledge of individuals who (1) had purposefully been shot by someone else or (2) had purposefully shot themselves, and direct personal knowledge of individuals whom respondents perceived to be at risk of violence, either (3) to another person or (4) to themselves. Main outcome measures, expressed as weighted percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were the prevalence and extent (or dose) of each EV and of EVs in combination and associations between EVs and respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics and firearm ownership status. Results Of 2870 respondents (57% completion rate), 52.3% (95% CI 49.5–55.0%) were female; mean [SD] age was 47.9 [16.9] years. Nearly two-thirds (64.6%, 95% CI 61.9–67.3%) reported at least 1 EV; 11.4% (95% CI 9.7–13.2%) reported 3 or more. Gender was not associated with the prevalence of any experience. Non-owners of firearms who lived with owners reported more extensive EVs through social networks than did firearm owners or non-owners in households without firearms. Knowledge of people who had been shot by others was most common among Black respondents, 31.0% (95% CI 20.9–43.3%) of whom knew 2 or more such persons. Knowledge of people who had shot themselves was greatest among respondents aged ≥ 60 years, but knowledge of persons perceived to be at risk of violence to themselves was greatest among respondents aged 18–29 years. Conclusions and relevance Experiences of violence in daily life are widespread. They occur in sociodemographic patterns that differ from those for direct victimization and suggest new opportunities for research and intervention.

scholarly journals Prevenire la radicalizzazione e i comportamenti antisociali. Madri e bambini nei non-luoghi dell’educabilità

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Raffaella Biagioli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mother Child Relationship

In the intersection with other dimensions such as ethnic, religious and social, the gender difference leads to dwell on aspects often neglected and to bring out the role of mothers in places of confinement that, together with their children, represent a population at risk for the difficulties inherent in the condition of restriction. The research is interested in understanding a mother-child relationship highly disturbed by some risk factors and the educational actions to be activated in the daily life of penitentiary institutions to support and accompany these women towards autonomy, to offer them possibilities of social inclusion and avoid marginalization that in the future could lead their children to seek radicalized insertion within groups.

Antecedents of Adolescent Pregnancy

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Wilson
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Child Guidance

SummaryThe recognition of which girls are at risk of becoming pregnant before the age of 16 years is of interest to legal, educational, social and medical services. In this paper a large amount of data, available for a total population of schoolgirls, has been used to show that prediction is indeed possible. It was found that compared to a group of girls matched on a number of sociodemographic characteristics, those who became pregnant during adolescence were more likely to have been academic underachievers at age 11, to have made an appearance in a juvenile court, and to have been referred to a child guidance or psychiatric clinic at an early age. Difficulties over matching also suggest that they are more likely to have five or more siblings, to be illegitimate and to have mothers who were themselves teenagers at the time of their daughter's birth.

scholarly journals A study of the daily life of modern teenagers: the presence in social networks as an integral component of communication

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.O. Koroleva
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Integral Component ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Daily Ritual

The article introduces the methodologies of the study of the everyday life of modern teenagers whiсh can simultaneously be used to traceevents occurring in real and virtual space: “Online and offline diary" and "15 minutes". The data of pilot studies showed that the teenager’s online performance is mainly presented in a form of communication in social networks. We have discovered that the on- and offline convergence of space for growth is inseparable from respondents themselves. Through the active use of social networks, a modern teenager is able to be present in different socialenvironments simultaneously. Constant checking news and posts in social networks is a new, peculiar to teenage daily ritual. The so-called "red zones", where a teenager consciously waives the possibility of "escape" into a parallel reality, are linked to significant events in everyday life, while a feeling of boredom brings to life the compensation through "getting about" in virtual space

scholarly journals MEWS++: Enhancing the Prediction of Clinical Deterioration in Admitted Patients through a Machine Learning Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Kia ◽  
Prem Timsina ◽  
Himanshu N. Joshi ◽  
Eyal Klang ◽  
Rohit R. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Clinical Deterioration ◽  
Early Warning Score ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Patients At Risk

Early detection of patients at risk for clinical deterioration is crucial for timely intervention. Traditional detection systems rely on a limited set of variables and are unable to predict the time of decline. We describe a machine learning model called MEWS++ that enables the identification of patients at risk of escalation of care or death six hours prior to the event. A retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted from July 2011 to July 2017 of adult (age > 18) inpatients excluding psychiatric, parturient, and hospice patients. Three machine learning models were trained and tested: random forest (RF), linear support vector machine, and logistic regression. We compared the models’ performance to the traditional Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) using sensitivity, specificity, and Area Under the Curve for Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC-ROC) and Precision-Recall curves (AUC-PR). The primary outcome was escalation of care from a floor bed to an intensive care or step-down unit, or death, within 6 h. A total of 96,645 patients with 157,984 hospital encounters and 244,343 bed movements were included. Overall rate of escalation or death was 3.4%. The RF model had the best performance with sensitivity 81.6%, specificity 75.5%, AUC-ROC of 0.85, and AUC-PR of 0.37. Compared to traditional MEWS, sensitivity increased 37%, specificity increased 11%, and AUC-ROC increased 14%. This study found that using machine learning and readily available clinical data, clinical deterioration or death can be predicted 6 h prior to the event. The model we developed can warn of patient deterioration hours before the event, thus helping make timely clinical decisions.

scholarly journals THE VIRTUE OF A LIFE OF COMPLEXITY: THE KEY TO HEALTHY AGING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S600-S600
Author(s):  
Lewis Lipsitz
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Complex Stress ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Work Family

Abstract People often wish to simplify their lives as they age, hoping to lead a less complex, stress-free, and happy existence. However, the loss of complexity may actually endanger one’s health. Aging is often associated with the pruning of work, family, and social networks in our external environment, and on a smaller scale, with the degradation of various anatomic structures and physiologic processes internally. This loss of complexity can impair our ability to perform activities of daily life or adapt to surgery or other stressors. We can quantify complexity using measures derived from the concept of fractals that describe patterns of behavior across different scales in space or time. Using these metrics we have shown that complexity loss is potentially reversible. This presentation will describe the measures, mechanisms, and consequences of complexity loss in different human systems, and interventions that can restore complexity and thereby improve functional health in older age.

Role of social networks and social norms in future PrEP use in a racially-diverse sample of at-risk women and members of their social networks

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. JOHNSON ◽  
Harold D. GREEN ◽  
Brandon KOCH ◽  
Jamila K. STOCKMAN ◽  
Marisa FELSHER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Racially Diverse

Suicide Trends According to Age, Gender, and Marital Status in South Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Woo Kim ◽  
Hee Young Jung ◽  
Do Yeon Won ◽  
Jae Hyun Noh ◽  
Yong Seok Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
The World

The purpose of this study is to examine suicide trends in South Korea, which has one of the highest suicide rates in the world. The results show that the male suicide rate outweighs that of females, the likelihood of committing suicide increases with age, and that, in regard to marital status, nonmarried people are the most at risk. In addition, several methods of reducing suicide rates are identified: the wider use of social networks to reduce social burden, the development of a social atmosphere where aging is accepted as a natural process, and the development of protection factors within families.

scholarly journals Qadis and Their Social Networks: Defining the Judge’s Neutrality in Abbasid Iraq

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-141
Author(s):  
Mathieu Tillier
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Personal Knowledge ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Islamic Legal Theory

AbstractEarly Abbasid qadis were appointed not only to dispense justice but also to manage properties. They needed, therefore, to know the business of their district’s population, and their integration into local society facilitated their understanding of social dynamics. However, their membership in local and tribal networks could threaten their judicial neutrality. How could the relations a qadi maintained with his social environment be reconciled with the imperatives of Islamic justice? This article proposes that two types of solutions were experimented with. On the administrative level, qadis designated from outside their judicial district reduced the influence of their family and tribal networks, which led them to rely on new networks, through professional witnesses in particular. At the same time, Islamic legal theory came to discuss a qadi’s ability to base his legal judgment on his personal knowledge of a case, which allowed defining a strict separation between a qadi’s social individuality and his judicial function.

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