Consumption of dietary folate estimates and its implication for reproductive outcome among women of reproductive age in Kersa: cross-sectional survey

Abstract Background Dietary folate inadequacy is one the most common micronutrient deficiencies that cause neural tube defect (NTD) among infants in Sub-Saharan African countries. This study aims to determine the dietary intake of folate among women of reproductive age (WRA) of Kersa, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study took place among voluntary women that were selected from 1140 random households. Using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire, participant’s weekly dietary intake history of Ethiopian foods and dietary folate intake was worked out. Statistical analysis was done at a 95% confidence interval. Modified Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with dietary folate consumption. Result The estimated median usual intake of folate was 170 μg/d (IQR: 118.3; 252.2) and about 33% of WRA had low folate intake and 73.9% were at risk for folate inadequacy. From the reported food groups, Beans and Peas, Starchy staples, and Vitamin-A rich dark-green leafy vegetables were the top three ranked foods that contributed much of the dietary folate. The following conditions were statistically related to dietary folate inadequacy; women’s age, being in poor wealth index, low dietary diversity, having seasonal employment, and reliance on market food sources. Conclusions We found that women’s dietary intake of folate in Kersa is very low and cannot protect their offspring from the risk of having NTD. They could also potentially be predisposed to poor health outcomes. Diversifying and fortification of Ethiopian wheats and salts could decrease the burden of folate deficiency in the country.

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Consumption of Dietary Folate Estimates and Its Implication for Reproductive Outcome among Women of Reproductive Age in Kersa: Cross-Sectional Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-601866/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nega Assefa ◽

Yasir Y Abdullahi ◽

Aklilu Abrham ◽

Elena C Hemler ◽

Isabel Madzorera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Folate Intake ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

African Countries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Dietary Folate

Abstract Background: Dietary folate inadequacy is one the most common micronutrient deficiencies that causes neural tube defect (NTD) among infants in Sub-Saharan African countries. This study aims to determine the dietary intake of folate among women of reproductive age (WRA) of Kersa, Eastern Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study took place among voluntary women that were selected from 1140 random households. Using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire, participants weekly dietary intake history of Ethiopian foods and dietary folate intake was worked out. Statistical analysis was done at 95% confidence interval. Modified Poisson regression was used to identify factors that associated with dietary folate consumptionResult: The estimated median usual intake of folate was 170 ug/d (IQR: 118.3; 252.2) and about 33% WRA had low folate intake and 73.9% were at risk for folate inadequacy. From the reported food groups, Beans and Peas, Starchy staples, and Vitamin-A rich dark-green leafy vegetables were the top three ranked foods that contributed much of the dietary folate. The following conditions were statistically related with dietary folate inadequacy; women’s age, being in poor wealth index, low dietary diversity, having seasonal employment, and reliance on market food source.Conclusions: We found that women’s dietary intake of folate in Kersa is very low and cannot protect their offspring from having NTD. They could also potentially be predisposed poor health outcomes. Diversifying and fortification Ethiopian wheats and salts could decrease the burden of folate deficiency in the country.

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Dietary diversity among women of reproductive age (15-49 years): implication for folate deficiency in Mbarara district, Uganda

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192802 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 2745

Author(s):

Denison Tamale ◽

Grace Kagoro-Rugunda

Keyword(s):

Dietary Diversity ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Folate Deficiency ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Green Leafy Vegetables

Background: Understanding dietary diversity of women of reproductive age (WRA) is vital for better nutritional interventions of their health and that of unborn. Most diets consumed are macronutrient dense which leads to micronutrient deficiencies like neural tube defects (NTDs).Thirty three babies were born with NTDs at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital during 2016 and 2017 for reasons among which is folate deficiency. Folate can be derived cheaply from green vegetable consumption before antenatal visits. The study’s objective was to assess dietary diversity of WRA (15-49 years) living within Mbarara district.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted for three months using a translated dietary diversity questionnaire from Food and Agricultural Organisation. Applying a 24 h recall method at various intervals of feeding, 402 WRA living within three constituencies of Mbarara district were randomly selected to participate.Results: 70.1% of WRA attained high Individual dietary diversity score (IDDS) of (≥6). 45.1% consumed folate rich plant and animal sources. 4.8%, 8.4%, and 17.6% consumed dark green leafy vegetables, vitamin rich fruits and animal sources respectively. Education, constituency of residence and occupation had a significant association with IDDS of P≤0.05 (0.000, 0.004, 0.030) respectively. WRA who scored IDDS≥6, 58.2% attained at least secondary education, 51.1% lived in urban constituency and 47.5% were working. 30% consumed starchy staple groups, though at 15.8% legumes, nuts and seeds group was most consumed.Conclusions: Low intake of folate rich sources was noted, though many WRA consumed diverse diets therefore, education and employment are suitable interventions.

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Effect of increasing voluntary folic acid food fortification on dietary folate intakes and adequacy of reproductive-age women in New Zealand

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980013001717 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 1447-1453 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sophie E Evans ◽

Vanessa L Mygind ◽

Meredith C Peddie ◽

Jody C Miller ◽

Lisa A Houghton

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

New Zealand ◽

Public Health Intervention ◽

Food Composition ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Folate Intake ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Folate ◽

Reproductive Age Women ◽

The Impact

AbstractObjectiveMandatory folic acid fortification of breads in New Zealand was put on hold in 2009. At this time, bread manufacturers were requested to adopt greater voluntary fortification and agreed to add folic acid to approximately one-third of their bread range. We sought to evaluate the impact of increased voluntary fortification of bread and the proposed mandatory fortification programme on folate intake adequacy of reproductive-age women.DesignCross-sectional study conducted in 2008. Dietary data were collected using 3 d weighed food records and usual folate intakes were generated by modifying the food composition table as follows: (i) voluntary fortification of bread as of 2008 (six breads); (ii) increased voluntary fortification of bread as of 2011 (thirty-four breads); and (iii) mandatory fortification of all breads. The prevalence of inadequate folate intake was calculated for all three scenarios using the Estimated Average Requirement (320 μg dietary folate equivalents/d) cut-point method.SettingNew Zealand.SubjectsHealthy non-pregnant women (n 125) aged 18–40 years.ResultsUsual folate intake in 2008 was 362 μg dietary folate equivalents/d. Increased voluntary bread fortification led to a marginal increase in folate intakes (394 μg dietary folate equivalents/d) and a decline in inadequacy from 37 % to 29 %. Mandatory fortification resulted in an increase of 89 μg folic acid/d, which substantially shifted both the proportion of women with folic acid intakes above 100 μg/d and the distribution of overall folate intakes, producing a marked reduction in inadequacy to 5 %.ConclusionsIncreased voluntary bread fortification efforts are far inferior to mandatory fortification as a reliable public health intervention.

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Depression among women of reproductive age in rural Bangladesh is linked to food security, diets and nutrition

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019003495 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 660-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thalia M Sparling ◽

Jillian L Waid ◽

Amanda S Wendt ◽

Sabine Gabrysch

Keyword(s):

Dietary Diversity ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Food Groups ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Dominance Analysis ◽

Food And Nutrition Security ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Food And Nutrition

AbstractObjective:To quantify the relationship between screening positive for depression and several indicators of the food and nutrition environment in Bangladesh.Design:We used cross-sectional data from the Food and Agricultural Approaches to Reducing Malnutrition (FAARM) trial in Bangladesh to examine the association of depression in non-peripartum (NPW) and peripartum women (PW) with food and nutrition security using multivariable logistic regression and dominance analysis.Setting:Rural north-eastern Bangladesh.Participants:Women of reproductive age.Results:Of 2599 women, 40 % were pregnant or up to 1 year postpartum, while 60 % were not peripartum. Overall, 20 % of women screened positive for major depression. In the dominance analysis, indicators of food and nutrition security were among the strongest explanatory factors of depression. Food insecurity (HFIAS) and poor household food consumption (FCS) were associated with more than double the odds of depression (HFIAS: NPW OR = 2·74 and PW OR = 3·22; FCS: NPW OR = 2·38 and PW OR = 2·44). Low dietary diversity (<5 food groups) was associated with approximately double the odds of depression in NPW (OR = 1·80) and PW (OR = 1·99). Consumption of dairy, eggs, fish, vitamin A-rich and vitamin C-rich foods was associated with reduced odds of depression. Anaemia was not associated with depression. Low BMI (<18·5 kg/m2) was also associated with depression (NPW: OR = 1·40).Conclusions:Depression among women in Bangladesh was associated with many aspects of food and nutrition security, also after controlling for socio-economic factors. Further investigation into the direction of causality and interventions to improve diets and reduce depression among women in low- and middle-income countries are urgently needed.

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Comparison of standardised dietary folate intake across ten countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511005733 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 108 (3) ◽

pp. 552-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Jin Young Park ◽

Genevieve Nicolas ◽

Heinz Freisling ◽

Carine Biessy ◽

Augustin Scalbert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Educational Level ◽

Food Sources ◽

Folate Intake ◽

International Agency ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Folate ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Methylation Of Dna ◽

Dietary Folate Intake ◽

Prospective Investigation

Folate plays an important role in the synthesis and methylation of DNA as a cofactor in one-carbon metabolism. Inadequate folate intake has been linked to adverse health events. However, comparable information on dietary folate intake across European countries has never been reported. The objective of the present study was to describe the dietary folate intake and its food sources in ten countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 36 034 participants (aged 35–74 years) who completed a single 24 h dietary recall using a computerised interview software program, EPIC-Soft® (International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon). Dietary folate intake was estimated using the standardised EPIC Nutrient DataBase, adjusted for age, energy intake, weight and height and weighted by season and day of recall. Adjusted mean dietary folate intake in most centres ranged from 250 to 350 μg/d in men and 200 to 300 μg/d in women. Folate intake tended to be lower among current smokers and heavier alcohol drinkers and to increase with educational level, especially in women. Supplement users (any types) were likely to report higher dietary folate intake in most centres. Vegetables, cereals and fruits, nuts and seeds were the main contributors to folate intake. Nonetheless, the type and pattern of consumption of these main food items varied across the centres. These first comparisons of standardised dietary folate intakes across different European populations show moderate regional differences (except the UK health conscious group), and variation by sex, educational level, smoking and alcohol-drinking status, and supplement use.

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Dietary diversity and nutritional status among women of reproductive age group in a selected rural community of Bangladesh

Journal of Dhaka Medical College ◽

10.3329/jdmc.v27i1.38943 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 36-40

Author(s):

Razia Sultana ◽

Syeda Rumana Hoque ◽

Umme Jamila Akter Manni ◽

Md Motlabur Rahman ◽

Pankaj Kanti Datta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Family Income ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Status Of Women

Background/context: Dietary diversity (DD) is universally recognized as a key component of healthy diets. Healthy diet is one of the most important determinants that can influence nutritional status of women of reproductive age. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Shitpara village of Sreepur Upazila under Gazipur district during February to June 2013 to assess the dietary diversity and nutritional status of women of reproductive age. Convenient sampling technique was adopted to select 181 women. Interview schedule & checklist used as research instrument. Results: The mean(+/-s.d.)age of the respondents was 27.45+/-9.38 years, 133(80%) of them were married and 176(97.2%) are literate. Mean family size was 5.34+/- 2.386 persons and mean family income was 9611.05 Taka per month. Among 133 married women, 68(51%) have 2 or less than two children. Their mean(+/-s.d.) dietary diversity score was 5.13+/- 1.19 and majority 149(82%) of them having medium dietary diversity tercile (4-6). All of them ate carbohydrate types of food, 174(96.1%) protein rich foods & 83(45.9%) vit.A rich vegetables & fruits. Their mean BMI was 22.35 +/- 3.71 kg/ m2. Majority 118 (65%) of them having normal BMI and 22(12%) are under weight. Only 6(3%) of them are obese. Thoughdietary diversity was medium (4-6); relationship between dietary diversity and nutritional status could not be established. Conclusion:The qualitative measurement of dietary diversity is not sufficient enough to identify women at risk of under- or over nutrition. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.1, April, 2018, Page 36-40

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Dietary Iron Consumption Estimates Among Women Of Reproductive Age In Kersa, Eastern Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-955227/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nega Assefa ◽

Yasir Younis Abdullahi ◽

Aklilu Abraham ◽

Elena C Hemler ◽

Isabel Madzorera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Iron Bioavailability ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Health Concern ◽

Dietary Iron ◽

Iron Intake ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract Dietary iron inadequacy is a public health concern in developing countries. Women of reproductive age (WRA) are the most at risk for this micronutrient deficiency due to biological, socio-cultural, and dietary factors. This analysis aimed to assess estimated dietary intakes of iron (including heme and non-heme) and estimate bioavailability of dietary iron intake in Ethiopian women of reproductive age in Kersa district, Eastern Ethiopia. A total of 1140 randomly selected women from households in Kersa participated in this study. We used a non-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess total dietary iron consumption in WRA. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using modified Poisson regression to evaluate factors for inadequate dietary iron intake. The median usual iron consumption was 24.7 mg/d and 41.8 % of WRA were at risk for iron inadequacy. The following factors were associated with a greater likelihood for the risk of iron inadequacy: seasonal (APR 1.56; 95% CI 1.36-1.80) and part-time (APR 1.75; 95% CI 1.45-2.12) agricultural employment, market food source (APR 1.30; 95% CI 1.14-1.49), old age (APR 1.29; 95% CI 1.05-1.60) and low women’s dietary diversity (APR 2.34; 95% CI 1.88-2.91). Two-fifths of women had an inadequate dietary iron intake. Improving dietary diversity and food security, fortifying staple foods that have low iron bioavailability, and increasing animal-based foods and fruit consumption with meals would help to decrease the burden of iron dietary inadequacy and deficiency in WRA.

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Factors Associated with Anemia among Selected Women of Reproductive Age in Tondo, Manila, Philippines

Acta Medica Philippina ◽

10.47895/amp.v54i5.877 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Ana Kriselda B. Rivera ◽

Ernani R. Bullecer ◽

Angelica Anne E. Latorre

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Heme Iron ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Food Sources ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ferritin Concentration ◽

Select Group

Background. Anemia is the most common medical disorder throughout a woman’s life. Given that anemia during reproductive years impacts future gestational and perinatal health, then any factors possibly associated with the disorder should be studied and ultimately addressed. Objective. This study aimed to determine anemia prevalence and its associated factors (socio-demographic,lifestyle, knowledge, dietary and biochemical) among a select group of women of reproductive age (WRA) living in Tondo, Manila. Methods. This is an analytic cross-sectional study that utilized interviewer-assisted questionnaire and bloodextraction to collect data from 166 WRA (18-40 years). Results. Anemia prevalence among the study participants was found to be 9.0%. In terms of associated factors,being anemic was found to be more likely if the WRA has these factors: higher parity, graduated from college;unemployed; living in a low-income household; took iron supplements, and; have low knowledge on iron. On the other hand, increase in age, increase intake of heme iron and non-heme iron food sources, and an increase in blood ferritin concentration were factors that made anemia less likely among WRA. Conclusion. Examining these factors provides insight into the multicausal nature of anemia. Thus, preventionand control programs should focus on the contribution and interrelatedness of these factors to address anemia.

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DIETARY DIVERSITY AMONG WOMEN IN THE REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP IN URBAN FIELD PRACTICE AREA, VIMSAR, BURLA

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i6.283 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dr. Smita Kumari Panda ◽

Dr. Kulwant Lakra ◽

Dr. Sadhu Charan Panda

Keyword(s):

Dietary Diversity ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Study Data ◽

Micronutrient Deficiency ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Field Practice ◽

Minimum Dietary Diversity

One of the problems among Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) group has been lack of effective programs whose benefits are not reaching WRA group. Another problem is the prevalence of monotonous diet based on starchy staple food, which lacks essential micronutrients and contribute to the burden of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency. The objectives of the study was to assess household dietary diversity and nutritional status of non-pregnant non-lactating women of reproductive age in urban field practice area in Burla as a way of comparing food security situation. It was a cross sectional study. Data were collected from urban field practice area in Burla and were analysed to assess the dietary diversity among “women of reproductive age (WRA)” group. One third (about 29%) of them was malnourished. On application of logistic regression, those aged ≥25years had better odds of having Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) score of 5 and above (OR=1.777). Subjects with BMI range ≥21.5 Kg/mt2 also had better odds of having MDD score of 5 and above (OR=3.371). Women of reproductive age are nutritionally more vulnerable because of pregnancy, lactation and menstruation requiring nutrient dense quality food. Monotonous diet based on starchy staple lacks essential micronutrients and contribute to the burden of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency. Intake of diverse diet is a cost effective strategy to overcome this problem. From our survey we conclude that more than half of WRA failed to achieve MDD. Based on findings, Information Education and Communication (IEC) activities are recommended with an emphasis on locally available, low-cost nutrition diet. Keywords: Minimum Dietary Diversity, Women of Reproductive Age, Micronutrients

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