Urinary tract infections in culled sows from Greek herds: prevalence and associations between findings of histopathology, bacteriology and urinalysis

Abstract Background Urinary tract infections (UTI) of sows characterized by cystitis, which may progress to ureteritis and pyelonephritis, can affect their productivity, longevity and welfare. In this study, we determined the prevalence of UTI by histopathology and bacteriology. Furthermore, we investigated possible associations between histologically confirmed cystitis and the results of urinalysis and urine cultures in culled sows from three farrow-to-finish herds in Greece. Materials and methods One hundred eighty-five routinely culled sows were included in the study. Their urinary bladder was collected from abattoirs and subjected to histopathology. Furthermore, urinalysis and urine cultures were performed on urine samples aseptically collected from the bladders. Results Histologically confirmed cystitis was evident in 85/185 (45.94%) culled sows. Among those, 44 (51.76%) suffered from acute and 41 (48.24%) from chronic inflammation. The majority of positive urine cultures were due to colonization of the urinary tract with E.coli, which accounted for 55.81% of the total cases, followed by Staphylococcus spp. which accounted for 18.60% of detected infections. Evidence of cystitis was associated with bacteriuria and sows with bacteriuria were 2.30 (P = 0.03, 95% CI: 1.10–4.83) times more likely to have histologically confirmed cystitis compared to sows with negative urine cultures. Bacteriuria was associated with proteinuria (P < 0.01, OR = 9.72, 2.63–35.88), increased urine pH (P < 0.01, 3.40, 1.10–10.56) and presence of sediment (P < 0.01, 6.00, 1.50–23.76) in urine. Sows with proteinuria had 9.72 (P < 0.01, 2.63–35.88) times higher odds of bacteriuria than those without. Histologically defined cystitis was associated with proteinuria (P < 0.01, 2.03–13.20) and decreased urine pH (P < 0.01, 0.13–0.72). Sows with proteinuria were 5.18 (P < 0.01, 2.03–13.2) times more likely to have histological lesions consistent with cystitis, than those without. For one unit increase in pH, it was 3.20 (P = 0.006, 1.39–7.69) times less likely for a sow to have chronic or acute cystitis compared to absence of cystitis. Conclusion In the studied population, UTI affected almost one out of two culled sows. Bacteriuria, which was more common among sows with UTI than those without, was mainly ascribed to members of the intestinal and environmental bacteria. Proteinuria and the existence of urine sediment which were associated with UTI, could be used as proxy traits for UTI in live sows.

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Urinary tract infections in culled sows from Greek herds: prevalence and associations between findings of histopathology, bacteriology and urinalysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-121031/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mihaela Cernat ◽

Vasilis Skampardonis ◽

Georgios A. Papadopoulos ◽

Fotios Kroustallas ◽

Sofia Chalvatzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Urine Ph ◽

Urine Sediment ◽

Positive Urine ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Staphylococcus Spp ◽

On Farm

Abstract Background Urinary tract infections (UTI) of sows which include cystitis, which may progress to ureteritis and pyelonephritis affect their productivity, longevity and welfare. In this study we determined the prevalence of UTI by histopathology and bacteriology and investigated possible associations between histologically confirmed cystitis and the results of urinalysis and urine cultures in culled sows from three Greek farrow-to-finish herds. Materials and methods Routinely culled sows were included in the study. Their urinary bladders were collected from abattoirs and examined histopathologically. Furthermore, urinalysis and urine cultures were performed on urine samples aseptically collected from the bladders. Results Histologically confirmed cystitis was evident in 85/185 (45.94%) culled sows. Among those, 44 (51.76%) suffered from acute and 41 (48.24%) from chronic inflammation. The majority of the positive urine cultures were due to colonization of the urinary tract with E.coli, which was responsible for 55.81% of the total cases, followed by Staphylococcus spp. which caused 18.60% of the infections detected. Evidence of cystitis was associated with bacteriuria and sows with bacteriuria were 2.30 (p = 0.03, 95% CI: 1.10–4.83) times more likely to have histologically confirmed cystitis compared to sows with negative urine cultures. Bacteriuria was associated with proteinuria (p < 0.01), urine pH (p < 0.01) and presence of sediment (p < 0.01) in urine. Sows with proteinuria had 9.72 (2.63–35.88) times higher odds of bacteriuria than those without. Histologically defined cystitis was associated with proteinuria (p < 0.01) and increased urine pH (p < 0.01). Sows with proteinuria were 5.18 times (2.03–13.2) more likely to have histological lesions consistent with cystitis, than those without. Conclusions In the studied herds, UTI affected almost one out of two culled sows. Bacteriuria, which was more common among sows with UTI than those without, was mainly ascribed to members of the intestinal and environmental microbiota. Proteinuria and the existence of urine sediment which were associated with UTI may be proposed as likely on-farm predictors of UTI in live sows.

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URINARY INFECTION AT DEPARTMENT OF UROLOGY OF HUE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2018.3.16 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 100-108

Author(s):

Dinh Khanh Le ◽

Dinh Dam Le ◽

Khoa Hung Nguyen ◽

Xuan My Nguyen ◽

Minh Nhat Vo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

University Hospital ◽

E Coli ◽

Positive Urine ◽

Tract Infections

Objectives: To investigate clinical characteristics, bacterial characteristics, drug resistance status in patients with urinary tract infections treated at Department of Urology, Hue University Hospital. Materials and Method: The study was conducted in 474 patients with urological disease treated at Department of Urology, Hue Universiry Hospital from July 2017 to April 2018. Urine culture was done in the patients with urine > 25 Leu/ul who have symptoms of urinary tract disease or infection symptoms. Patients with positive urine cultures were analyzed for clinical and bacterial characteristics. Results: 187/474 (39.5%) patients had symptoms associated with urinary tract infections. 85/474 (17.9%) patients were diagnosed with urinary tract infection. The positive urine culture rate was 45.5%. Symptoms of UTI were varied, and no prominent symptoms. E. coli accounts for the highest proportion (46.67%), followed by, Staphycoccus aureus (10.67%), Pseudomonas aeruginsa (8,0%), Streptococcus faecali and Proteus (2.67%). ESBL - producing E. coli was 69.23%, ESBL producing Enterobacter spp was 33.33%. Gram-negative bacteria are susceptible to meropenem, imipenem, amikacin while gram positive are vancomycin-sensitive. Conclusions: Clinical manifestations of urinary tract infections varied and its typical symptoms are unclear. E.coli is a common bacterium (46.67%). Isolated bacteria have a high rate of resistance to some common antibiotics especially the third generation cephalosporins and quinolones. Most bacteria are resistant to multiple antibiotics at the same time. Gram (+) bacteria are susceptible to vancomycin, and gram (-) bacteria are susceptible to cefoxitin, amikacin, and carbapenem. Key words: urinary tract infection

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Exploring the possibilities of infrared spectroscopy for urine sediment examination and detection of pathogenic bacteria in urinary tract infections

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2020-0524 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (10) ◽

pp. 1759-1767

Author(s):

Mieke Steenbeke ◽

Sander De Bruyne ◽

Jerina Boelens ◽

Matthijs Oyaert ◽

Griet Glorieux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Agar Plate ◽

Principal Component ◽

Blood Agar Plate ◽

Urine Sediment ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽

Tract Infections

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, the possibilities of Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for analysis of urine sediments and for detection of bacteria causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) were investigated.MethodsDried urine specimens of control subjects and patients presenting with various nephrological and urological conditions were analysed using mid-infrared spectroscopy (4,000–400 cm−1). Urine samples from patients with a UTI were inoculated on a blood agar plate. After drying of the pure bacterial colonies, FTIR was applied and compared with the results obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Chemometric data analysis was used to classify the different species.ResultsDue to the typical molecular assignments of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, FTIR was able to identify bacteria and showed promising results in the detection of proteins, lipids, white and red blood cells, as well as in the identification of crystals. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed to differentiate between Gram-negative and Gram-positive species and soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) revealed promising classification ratios between the different pathogens.ConclusionsFTIR can be considered as a supplementary method for urine sediment examination and for detection of pathogenic bacteria in UTI.

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Culturing practices and the care of the urinary catheter in reducing NHSN-defined catheter-associated urinary tract infections: The tale of two teaching hospitals

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2018.251 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (12) ◽

pp. 1494-1496 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana Cecilia Bardossy ◽

Takiah Williams ◽

Karen Jones ◽

Susan Szpunar ◽

Marcus Zervos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Intensive Care Units ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Urinary Catheter ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Positive Urine ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Catheter Care

AbstractWe compared interventions to improve urinary catheter care and urine culturing in adult intensive care units of 2 teaching hospitals. Compared to hospital A, hospital B had lower catheter utilization, more compliance with appropriate indications and maintenance, but higher urine culture use and more positive urine cultures per 1,000 patient days.

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Association between urine pH and common uropathogens in children with urinary tract infections

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection ◽

10.1016/j.jmii.2019.08.002 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Huan-Cheng Lai ◽

Shih-Ni Chang ◽

Hsiao-Chuan Lin ◽

Yu-Lung Hsu ◽

Hsiu-Mei Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Urine Ph ◽

Tract Infections

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Evaluation of urine specific gravity and urine sediment as risk factors for urinary tract infections in cats

Veterinary Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1111/j.1939-165x.2008.00065.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 317-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Nathan L. Bailiff ◽

Jodi L. Westropp ◽

Richard W. Nelson ◽

Jane E. Sykes ◽

Sean D. Owens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Urine Specific Gravity ◽

Urine Sediment ◽

Tract Infections

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The Impact of Differences in Surveillance Definitions of Hospital Acquired Urinary Tract Infections (HAUTI)

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10101262 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1262

Author(s):

Yossef Levi ◽

Debby Ben-David ◽

Inna Estrin ◽

Hodaya Saadon ◽

Maya Krocker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Medical Center ◽

Agreement Rate ◽

Positive Urine ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

The Impact

Hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (HAUTI) are common and most cases are related to catheters (CAUTI). HAUTI and CAUTI surveillance is mandatory in many countries as a measure to reduce the incidence of infections and appropriately direct the allocation of preventable resources. The surveillance criteria issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health (IMOH), differ somewhat from that of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Our study aims were to query and quantify the impact of these differences. In a retrospective cohort study conducted at Shamir Medical Center, for calendar year 2017, the surveillance criteria of both IMOH and CDC were applied on 644 patient-unique adults with “positive” urine cultures (per similar definitions). The incidence of HAUTI per IMOH was significantly higher compared to CDC (1.24/1000 vs. 1.02/1000 patient-days, p = 0.02), with no impact on hospitalization’s outcomes. The agreement rate between methods was high for CAUTI (92%), but much lower for all HAUTI (83%). The major error rate, i.e., patients diagnosed with HAUTI per IMOH but had no UTI per CDC, was 31%. To conclude, in order for surveillance to reflect the relative situation and direct allocation of preventable resources based on scientific literature, the process should be uniform worldwide.

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Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections in Children and Changes in Sensitivity to Antibiotics of E. coli Strains

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.70.19.11.7648 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (11) ◽

pp. 3788-3792

Author(s):

Adrian Hasegan ◽

Maria Totan ◽

Elisabeta Antonescu ◽

Adrian Gheorghe Bumbu ◽

Carmen Pantis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Positive Urine ◽

Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial pathologies in children, but they are difficult to spot. The diagnosis relies on urine culture in order to measure the prevalence of the infection, to identify the etiology and the sensitivity of the germs to different antibiotics. Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains are the most common uro-pathogen germs. The change in sensitivity to antibiotic of these uro-pathogen bacteria should be closely monitored because the physicians should be informed about the evolution of the antibiotic resistance of E coli, for a more effective treatment in their fight against diseases. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of UTIs and the evolution of antimicrobial sensitivity for E. coli. This retrospective study was performed over a period of 4 years, 2013-2016, and included all the patients admitted in the Children�s Hospital, aged 0-18 years, with the suspicion of UTIs; also, the standard culture techniques for urine samples, the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method for the antibiotic sensitivity testing, and the disk diffusion method to confirm the ESBL production by the clinical isolates of E. coli in urine were used. The statistical analysis was performed using the proportions of sensitive, resistant and intermediates. Descriptive statistics like the total, mean and percentage were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 15.0 and Microsoft Excel. From 15389 urine cultures processed in 4 years, 1530 were positive (9.9 %). Among these positive urine cultures, 1056 (69 %) were positive for E. coli. Testing the E. coli to a range of antibiotics, according to CLSI standard, a high resistance to Ampicillin (69-96%), Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (32-70%), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (36-42%) was observed and low levels of resistance to Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, Cefpodoxime, Gentamycin, Nalidixic acid. Among E. Coli strains, 9-9.6 % were ESBL positive. Despite the low number of positive urine cultures in a paediatric population, it is very important to perform the urine culture in order to correctly identify the etiology of UTIs, recommend the right antibiotic, and avoid the wrong use of the antibiotics in children.

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Are Urinalyses Used Inappropriately in the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections?

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofx163.842 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S350-S350 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ghada Elshimy ◽

Vincent Mariano ◽

Christina Mariyam Joy ◽

Parminder Kaur ◽

Monisha Singhal

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Urine Culture ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽

Further Education ◽

Positive Urine ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Hospital Wards

Abstract Background One of the most readily available and cost effective tests in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTI) is the urinalysis. Problems arise when antibiotic treatment is initiated in a patient who does not display typical signs and symptoms of UTI and for whom a urinalysis was obtained for other reasons. Methods This was a retrospective observational study carried out on 1000 patients with positive urine nitrite. Medical records were identified with subsequent analysis of urine culture and symptomatology. Recorded and analyzed data included: age, sex, location (emergency room (ER) or hospital ward), findings on urinalysis (pH, presence of leukocyte esterase(LE), epithelial cells, bacteria, and white blood cells (WBCs)) and antibiotic treatment. Results Of these 1000 patients with positive nitrite, we excluded 815 patients (81 had missing data, 466 met exclusion criteria and 268 had symptomatic UTI). 185 were found to not have any symptoms of a UTI. Inappropriate antibiotic treatment occurred in 108/185 patients (58.4%) and was significantly associated with greater amounts of bacteria and WBCs in the urinalyses (P = 0.008 and P = 0.029, respectively). It was also significantly more likely to occur in the ER than the hospital wards (92/147 treated in the ER vs. 16/37 treated on the hospital wards, P = 0.033). There was no significant association between antibiotic treatment and age, sex, urine pH, urine LE, and urine epithelial cell amounts (P > 0.05). Urine cultures were not obtained in 69.7% of patients. A positive urine culture was significantly associated with inappropriate antibiotic treatment (P = 0.0006). The two most common presenting complaints were psychiatric complaints (21.6%) and vaginal bleeding (14.6%). Conclusion Urinalysis can be an invaluable diagnostic tool, but must be used and interpreted appropriately. There is a misperception that pyuria with bacteriuria defines UTI. However, positive results on a urinalysis alone in an asymptomatic patient is not enough to diagnose a UTI, and antibiotic treatment is only indicated in specific circumstances as outlined by IDSA guidelines for the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Further education targeting appropriate interpretation of urinalyses and IDSA guidelines is needed to decrease the unnecessary use of antibiotics. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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