scholarly journals Vascular hemodynamics and blood pressure differences between young and older women

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brantley K. Ballenger ◽  
Gary R. Hunter ◽  
Gordon Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Previous History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Small Artery ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death in the United States, and hypertension is a primary risk factor. Therefore, the primary causes of hypertension need to be identified so they may be addressed for treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare blood pressure with hemodynamic values and identify factors that may explain blood pressure differences between a cohort of healthy normotensive younger and older women. Methods Participants were 49 young (age: 33.8 ± 5.9) and 103 old (age: 65.8 ± 4) who were non-hypertensive, had no previous history of heart disease or type 2 diabetes, body mass index less than 30 kg/m2, normal electrocardiography response at rest and during exercise, nonsmokers, and no use of medications known to affect cardiovascular or metabolic function. Body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Hemodynamic values measured by non-invasive pulse wave velocity through radial artery tonometry. Markers of inflammation measured through blood sample analysis. Results Significant differences exist between young and old groups in %fat (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P = 0.001), large artery elasticity (P = 0.005), small artery elasticity (P < 0.001), systemic vascular resistance (P = 0.004), total vascular impedance (P < 0.001), estimated cardiac output (P < 0.001), and tumor necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF-⍺) (P < 0.001). Using ANCOVA the difference in SBP between age groups was no longer significant after adjusting for small artery elasticity (P < 0.001) and TNF-⍺ (P = 0.041). Conclusions These data demonstrate that blood pressure and vascular hemodynamic measures differ significantly between young and old women independent of body composition. Furthermore, these differences may be explained by the inflammation marker TNF-⍺ and/or small artery elasticity.

scholarly journals Hypertension in the United States Fire Service

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5432
Author(s):  
Saeed U. Khaja ◽  
Kevin C. Mathias ◽  
Emilie D. Bode ◽  
Donald F. Stewart ◽  
Kepra Jack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
General Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Increased Risk

Hypertension is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cardiac remodeling and is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac events, the leading cause of duty-related death in the fire service. We assessed systemic blood pressures and prevalence of hypertension among US firefighters by decade of life. Medical records of career firefighters (5063 males and 274 females) from four geographically diverse occupational health clinics were assessed. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. Results from the firefighter sample were compared to the US general population (2015–2016 and 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys). Among the total sample, 69% of firefighters met the criteria for hypertension and 17% were taking antihypertensive medications. Percentages of hypertensive male and female firefighters were 45% and 11% among 20–29 years old, respectively, and increased to 78% and 79% among 50–59 years old, respectively. Compared to the general population, male firefighters had a higher prevalence of hypertension (p < 0.05) across all age groups (11–16% higher). In order to improve firefighter health and protect against sudden incapacitation in this public safety occupational group, increased efforts are necessary to screen for and manage high blood pressure.

Legibility of Overhead Guide Signs with Encapsulated Versus Microprismatic Retroreflective Sheeting

2003 ◽  
Vol 1844 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Carlson ◽  
Gene Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Sport Utility Vehicle ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Late Model ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Transportation Agencies ◽  
Utility Vehicle

A study was conducted to determine the legibility impacts of freeway guide signs when encapsulated retroreflective sheeting is replaced with microprismatic retroreflective sheeting. The study included freeway guide signs mounted in an overhead position and exclusively illuminated with vehicle headlamps. A total of 60 subjects divided into three age groups participated in this nighttime study. All 60 subjects drove two vehicles, a modern sport utility vehicle (SUV) and a late-model passenger car. The findings show that microprismatic sheeting does provide statistically longer legibility distances than encapsulated sheeting. Overall, the improvement was 53 ft, or 9.5%. However, for the modern SUV, the improvement was much greater (78 ft) compared with the late-model passenger car (28 ft). The main differences are related to the evolution of vehicle design and specifications. Today’s United States citizens prefer large vehicles such as an SUV, pickup, and minivan. These vehicles also meet recently revised headlamp specifications. These two issues inherently reduce the amount of headlamp light retroreflected from the sign back to the driver. Unfortunately, these counterproductive trends show signs of continuing. Considering the increasing proportion of older drivers in the United States, it becomes even more critical that transportation agencies do all they can to increase overhead-sign luminance. The findings show that increasing overhead-sign luminance by switching from encapsulated retroreflective sheeting to microprismatic retro-reflective sheeting results in significantly longer legibility distances. The magnitude of the difference will continue to increase as long as the SUV-like proportion of the U.S. fleet continues to grow and headlamp specifications continue to direct less light toward overhead signs.

Multicomponent Training Changes Blood Pressure and Redox Status in Older Women: Influence of β2 Adrenergic Receptor Haplotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-249
Author(s):  
Thiago Correa Porto Gonçalves ◽  
Atila Alexandre Trapé ◽  
Jhennyfer Aline Lima Rodrigues ◽  
Simone Sakagute Tavares ◽  
Carlos Roberto Bueno Junior
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Β2 Adrenergic Receptor

The β2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) plays an important role in vascular smooth muscle. However, the interaction between Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu β2-AR polymorphisms, and exercise training has not yet been established. This study evaluated the influence of these β2-AR polymorphisms on body composition, aerobic capacity, blood pressure, lipid profile, nitric oxide, and redox status at baseline and in response to an exercise program in women aged 50–79 years. Genotype and haplotypes were analyzed in association with the previously mentioned variables before and after the multicomponent training (12 weeks, 2 sessions/week, 90 min/session, and exercise intensity between 13 and 15 on the Borg scale). Individuals who carry β2-AR Arg16Arg/Gln27Gln genotypes presented more improvements in blood pressure, body composition, aerobic capacity, and redox status in response to a multicomponent training program compared with individuals who do not carry this haplotype. In some years, the genetic profile may be used to predict which exercise program can induce more health benefits for each person.

Relationships of body size with breast cancer.

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
L A Kalish
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

Three measures of body size (weight, height, and obesity) were compared with other patient characteristics in 852 operable node-positive breast cancer patients (age, 25-74 years) newly diagnosed in the United States. Weight and obesity were significantly associated with number of positive nodes. In postmenopausal women, weight and obesity were weakly associated with estrogen receptors. Observed weight and height distributions were compared with national averages and found to be highly aberrant in older women. There was an excess of tall woman (greater than or equal to 66 inches) among the study group in all age groups. An excess of heavy women (greater than or equal to 140 pounds) among the study group was observed only in the 55-74 years age group.

Comparison of physiological responses of women and men to isometric exercise

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Petrofsky ◽  
R. L. Burse ◽  
A. R. Lind
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Difference

The volunteers for this study were 83 women, aged 19–65 yr, drawn from several different occupations. Three minutes after exerting maximal handgrip strength (MVC) each subject held a tension of 40 percent MVC to fatigue. Blood pressures and heart rates were measured before, during, and after the endurance of contraction. Age was associated with a reduction of strength of the women, whereas their endurance at 40 percent at 40 per cent MVC increased. There was evidence that menopause enhanced those age effects for strength and endurance. At rest, age was associated with a decreased heart rate. As expected, the heart rates of all the women increased during the endurance contraction. But that increase was greater for the younger than for the older women, thereby exaggerating the difference due to age already seen at rest. Systolic blood pressure at rest was higher with age and, in a similar manner, that relationship was also exaggerated throughout the isometric contraction. Diastolic blood pressure, however, was not changed with age at rest, and although the diastolic pressure increased during the isometric exercise, the rate of increase was unaffected by age. The results obtained are compared with those from a similarly large number of men examined in identical circumstances.

scholarly journals Functional fitness and body composition of active older women in different age categories

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ogonowska-Słodownik ◽  
Eliza Maria Bober ◽  
Bartosz Molik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction: Physical activity is one of the basic elements that affect functional performance and body composition. The age may result in adverse changes in these parameters. The study aimed to compare the functional fitness and body composition in physically active women over 60 years old in different age groups and determine the relationship between those two components. Material and methods: The study participants attended gymnastic classes at the University of Third Age of Warsaw University of Technology. A total of 39 women were examined in three age categories - 60-64 years (13 women), 65-69 years (13 women), 70-74 years (13 women). The study used the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) to assess functional fitness. Body composition was tested using a device Tanita BC 420. Results: Statistical analysis showed no statistically significant (p≤0.05) differences in functional fitness and body composition between women of different age groups. A statistically significant negative correlation was found for Back Scratch test with BMI and percentage of body fat and a positive with muscle mass. Additionally, 8-ft up-and-go test positively correlated with BMI and percentage of body fat and negatively with muscle mass. Conclusions: Regular physical activity allows to maintain the level of functional fitness in older women. Element requiring additional commitment are flexibility exercises. The study confirmed the relationship between body composition and functional fitness of older women.

Abstract P128: Age-related Patterns In Systolic And Diastolic Blood Pressure In Adults From The United States And India

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aayush Visaria ◽  
David Lo ◽  
Pranay Maniar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quadratic Curve ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Age Related Changes

The purpose of this cross-sectional, exploratory analysis was to describe age-related patterns of blood pressure (BP) among participants in India (using the 2014 Annual Health Survey) and the United States (using National Health & Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011-2016). We included 10,759 U.S. and 790,641 Indian participants aged ≥20 years with ≥2 BP readings. We plotted mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) across 5-year age groups and estimated best fit models. SBP increased linearly with age in both sexes and study populations (R 2 : 0.88-0.99; Fig. 1-2). Those with overweight/obese BMI had higher SBP and modestly higher rates of increase in SBP. DBP followed a quadratic curve (R 2 : 0.68-0.99), peaking in the 5-6th decade (45-49 years in U.S. and 50-59 in India) with higher and earlier peaks in those with elevated BMI. The models’ strong fit and similarity between study populations supports the notion that physical processes underly BP’s age-related changes.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation with βcasein A1 or A2 on markers of disease development in individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaye Chin-Dusting ◽  
Jane Shennan ◽  
Emma Jones ◽  
Carolyn Williams ◽  
Bronwyn Kingwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Increased Risk

The present study is the first to examine the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with β-casein A1 promotes an increased risk relative to supplementation with β-casein A2 in patients traditionally at high risk of developing CVD. The study was conducted in fifteen asymptomatic participants (six male; nine female) at high risk of developing CVD. A double-blind cross-over study design was used with a total duration of 24 weeks. Dietary intervention was a daily supplementation (25g) of either casein A1 or A2 (for 12 weeks each). Surrogate measures of cardioprotection studied included the examination of vascular (endothelium and arterial) function, resting blood pressure, plasma lipids and biochemical markers of inflammation. Total plasma cholesterol levels were significantly lower following 12 weeks of both casein A1 and A2 interventions but the decrease was not different between intervention. Plasma insulin, homocysteine, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, protein C and S and von Willebrand factor levels were not different between the two casein supplements. Endothelium function, measured as a vascular response using venous occlusion plethysmography to intra-aterial infusions of the endothelium-dependent agonist acetylcholine, were not different between the two casein interventions. Similarly, neither blood pressure nor measures of large artery stiffness were affected by differing the casein variant. We therefore conclude that there is no evidence from the present study that supplementation with casein A1 has any cardiovascular health disadvantage over consumption of casein A2.

scholarly journals Night-time diastolic blood pressure variability relates to stroke recurrence in patients who had ischaemic stroke with small artery occlusion

2021 ◽  
pp. svn-2020-000718
Author(s):  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Anxin Wang ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Xingquan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Stroke Recurrence ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Small Artery ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Small Artery Occlusion

Background and purposeThe association between blood pressure variability (BPV) and stroke recurrence among patients who had ischaemic stroke (IS) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between BPV and stroke recurrence in patients who had IS of large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) subtype and small artery occlusion (SAO) subtype.MethodsData from the BOSS (Blood Pressure and Clinical Outcome in Transient Ischemic Attack or Ischemic Stroke) study were examined. IS subtypes were diagnosed according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. BPV was performed by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and defined through SD of blood pressure. The primary outcome was stroke recurrence within 90 days after discharge. Multivariable Cox regression model was used to assess the association between BPV and stroke recurrence in patients who had IS of LAA subtype and SAO subtype.ResultsA total of 1390 patients who had IS from the BOSS study were included in the present study. Multivariable analysis suggests that 24-hour systolic BPV (SBPV) and night-time diastolic BPV (DBPV) were significantly associated with stroke recurrence among all patients who had IS (HR, 2.50, 95% CI 1.07 to 5.84; HR, 1.85, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.21, respectively). Night-time SBPV and night-time DBPV were significantly associated with stroke recurrence in patients with SAO subtype (HR, 2.77, 95% CI 1.07 to 7.15; HR, 3.60, 95% CI 1.39 to 9.29, respectively). However, in the adjusted model, only night-time DBPV remained significant in patients with SAO subtype (HR, 3.87, 95% CI 1.40 to 10.71). Similar results were not found in patients who had IS of LAA subtype.ConclusionsHigh night-time DBPV was associated with increased risk of stroke recurrence among patients who had IS of SAO subtype. The results of this study have implications for the secondary prevention management and future research of patients who had IS of SAO subtype. The association between BPV and stroke recurrence in patients who had IS of LAA subtype and SAO subtype should be investigated in larger, population-based studies.

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