Abstract P128: Age-related Patterns In Systolic And Diastolic Blood Pressure In Adults From The United States And India

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aayush Visaria ◽  
David Lo ◽  
Pranay Maniar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quadratic Curve ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Age Related Changes

The purpose of this cross-sectional, exploratory analysis was to describe age-related patterns of blood pressure (BP) among participants in India (using the 2014 Annual Health Survey) and the United States (using National Health & Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011-2016). We included 10,759 U.S. and 790,641 Indian participants aged ≥20 years with ≥2 BP readings. We plotted mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) across 5-year age groups and estimated best fit models. SBP increased linearly with age in both sexes and study populations (R 2 : 0.88-0.99; Fig. 1-2). Those with overweight/obese BMI had higher SBP and modestly higher rates of increase in SBP. DBP followed a quadratic curve (R 2 : 0.68-0.99), peaking in the 5-6th decade (45-49 years in U.S. and 50-59 in India) with higher and earlier peaks in those with elevated BMI. The models’ strong fit and similarity between study populations supports the notion that physical processes underly BP’s age-related changes.

scholarly journals Development of Spanish rhotics in Spanish–English bilingual children in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 788-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy R. MENKE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Target Production

AbstractRhotics, particularly the trill, are late acquired sounds in Spanish. Reports of Spanish–English bilingual preschoolers document age-appropriate articulations, but studies do not explore productions once exposure to English increases. This paper reports on the rhotic productions of a cross-sectional sample of 31 Spanish–English bilingual children, ages 6;8 to 13;5. Children produced taps with high rates of accuracy across age groups; the trill did not reach 80% target production until age 11;3, later than reported for monolingual speakers. Increased English exposure is explored as a contributing factor, arguing a need for continued study of bilingual phonological development beyond the preschool years.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypotension in populations of the Russian Federation and the United States of America according to 30-year follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2497
Author(s):  
V. G. Vilkov ◽  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
Yu. A. Balanova ◽  
S. E. Evstifeeva ◽  
A. E. Imaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Aim. To study the prevalence of hypotension according to several criteria in the Russia and the USA.Material and methods. We used data of Russian population studies performed in 1975-1982 and ESSE-RF study performed in 2012-2014 at the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. A comparison was made with the data of cross-sectional stu - dies of the US population — National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): NHANES II (1976-1980) and Continuous NHANES (2007-2012). We analyzed age, sex, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The prevalence of individuals with hypotension was calculated in men and women of five age groups using four different criteria for hypertension.Results. The prevalence of hypotension in studies of different years according to different criteria was as follows: in the Russia — 0,3-9,0% in men and 2-15% in women; in the USA — 5-30% in men and 8-45% in women. In age group >30 years, the prevalence of hypotension in Russia, by most criteria, decreased approximately by 50% in men and did not change in women. In the United States, according to all criteria, the prevalence in men and women has increased 2-3 times.Conclusion. The prevalence of hypotension in the adult population ranges from decimal percentages to 45% and varies many times depending on the selected criterion.

scholarly journals Microscopic Study on the Diameter of the Pineal Calcification of Bangladeshi Cadavers

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Halima Afroz ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Shamim Ara ◽  
Mushfika Rahman ◽  
Tahamida Yesmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Age Related Changes

Context: The human pineal gland is characterized by the presence of calcified concretions, called ‘pineal acervuli’ or brain sand. These are basophilic extracellular bodies. The study was carried out to describe the microscopic features of pineal calcifications and to find out age related changes. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive type of study. Place and period of study: Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2009 to June 2010. Materials: 60 postmortem human pineal glands were collected from unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the morgue of Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Methods: The samples were divided into four different age groups, i.e. Group-A (15-30 years), Group-B (31-40 years), Group-C (41-50 years) and Group-D (>50 years). Histological study was carried out on relatively 27 fresh samples. Results: The mean diameter of the pineal calcifications were 351.14±111.69 ?m in group A, 600.00±232.69 ?m in group B, 909.43±124.18 ?m in group C and 1541.67±224.54 ?m in group D. The differences in diameter of the pineal calcifications between group A & C, A & D, B & C, B & D and C & D were statistically significant. Conclusion: Age related changes were found in the diameter of pineal calcifications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v9i2.15220 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 2011 Vol.9(2) pp.71-74

Blood Pressure of Children in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-649
Author(s):  
Alexander R. P. Walker ◽  
B. Faith Walker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Status ◽  
Heart Blood ◽  
Lung Institute

Professor F. A. Adams1 has criticized data published by the Task Force of the National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute,2 averring that the cross-sectional data used to produce the blood pressure standards for children "cannot define the optimal or medically normal; they only describe the status of the population at that moment in time." Adams believes that, ideally, "beyond infancy the normal aging process is unaccompanied by an increase in blood pressure." There are many populations living primitively to whom this applies, although our experience of blacks living in very remote parts of Southern Africa is that it is only beyond adolescence, not infancy, that blood pressure does not rise significantly.

scholarly journals Associations between occupational relative aerobic workload and resting blood pressure among different age groups: a cross-sectional analysis in the DPhacto study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e029713
Author(s):  
Mette Korshøj ◽  
Els Clays ◽  
Niklas Krause ◽  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Marie Birk Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Heart Rate Reserve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Age Related

ObjectiveHigh levels of occupational physical activity (OPA) increase heart rate, blood pressure (BP) and the risk of hypertension. Older workers may be more vulnerable to high levels of OPA due to age-related degeneration of the cardiovascular system and cardiorespiratory fitness. This study investigates the association of relative aerobic workload (RAW) with resting BP and examines if this relation is moderated by age.DesignCross-sectional epidemiological study.SettingData were collected among employees of 15 Danish companies in the cleaning, manufacturing and transport sectors.Participants2107 employees were invited for participation, of these 1087 accepted and 562 (42% female and 4% non-Westerns) were included in the analysis based on the criteria of being non-pregnant, no allergy to bandages, sufficient amount of heart rate data corresponding to ≥4 work hours per workday or 75% of average work hours, and no missing outcome and confounder values.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was BP.ResultsHeart rate reserve was estimated from ambulatory 24-hour heart rate measures covering 2.5 workdays per participant (SD 1.0 day). Age significantly moderated the association between RAW and BP. Mean intensity and duration of high RAW (≥30% heart rate reserve) showed positive associations with diastolic BP and negative associations with pulse pressure (PP) among participants ≥47 years old. Tendencies towards negative associations between RAW and BP were seen among participants <47 years old.ConclusionsMean intensity and duration of RAW increased diastolic BP among participants ≥47 years old. Negative associations with PP may be due to healthy worker selection bias. Prevention of hypertension should consider reductions in RAW for ageing workers.

scholarly journals Measuring (Non)Essentialist Beliefs About the Process of Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Weiss ◽  
Manfred Diehl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Objectives We validated an aging mindset measure that captures beliefs about the process of aging. Specifically, we introduce a brief 4-item and an extended 10-item measure assessing (non)essentialist beliefs about aging. Methods We report findings from one longitudinal and one cross-cultural study, including young, middle-aged, and older adults between 18 and 88 years. The studies established (retest) reliability and measurement invariance as well as convergent and discriminant validity of the measures. Results First, in a longitudinal study (N = 124, 50–84 years) including 4 measurement occasions, we showed that the 4-item scale assessing (non)essentialist beliefs about aging has good retest reliability and convergent as well as discriminant validity (e.g., awareness of age-related change). Second, in a large cross-cultural sample (N = 1,080, 18–82 years) of participants in the United States and Germany, we established an extended 10-item measure of (non)essentialist beliefs about aging, providing support for a 2-factor structure as well as measurement invariance across samples within and across countries (the United States and Germany), age groups (young, middle-aged, and older adults), as well as across men and women. Discussion Our results highlight the importance of distinguishing between fixed versus malleable aging beliefs in research on aging and life-span development.

scholarly journals Influence of Age on Cardiac Surgery Outcomes in United States Veterans

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. E225-E230
Author(s):  
Kyongjune Benjamin Lee ◽  
Ethan S. Rosenfeld ◽  
Michael A. Napolitano ◽  
Sheena W. Chen ◽  
Richard L. Amdur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Postoperative Arrhythmia ◽  
Renal Complications ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Objective: Heart disease is still the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States, and the rate of cardiovascular disease in veterans is even higher than in civilians. This study examines age-related outcomes for veterans undergoing cardiac surgeries at a single institution. Methods: We included all veterans undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/or valve surgery between 1997 to 2017 at a single Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center. We stratified this cohort into 4 age groups: ≤59 years old, 60–69 years old, 70–79 years old, and ≥80 years old. Outcomes in age groups were compared using standard statistical methods with the ≤59 years old group as reference. Results: A total of 2,301 patients underwent open cardiac procedures at our institution. The frequency of simultaneous CABG and valve operations increased with age. Usage of cardiopulmonary bypass versus off-pump CABG and operative time was not associated with age. Increased pulmonary and renal complications as well as rates of postoperative arrhythmias all were associated with increasing age. There was no statistically significant difference in 30-day mortality. However, multivariable analysis adjusted for covariates showed all-cause mortality significantly was increased with older age groups (aHR ≥80 years old: 2.94 [2.07-4.17], P < .01; aHR 70-79 years old: 2.15 [1.63-2.83], P < 0.01, with ≤59 years old as reference). Conclusions: Older patients may have comparable perioperative mortality as their younger counterparts. However, age still is a significant predictor of all-cause mortality, pulmonary and renal complications, and postoperative arrhythmia, and should be considered as a major factor in preoperative risk assessment.

Age-Group Differences in Body Mass Index, Weight, and Height in Adults With Down Syndrome and Adults With Intellectual Disability From the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Stamatis Agiovlasitis ◽  
Jooyeon Jin ◽  
Joonkoo Yun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women

The authors examined if body mass index (BMI), weight, and height across age groups differ between adults with Down syndrome (DS) and adults with intellectual disability but without DS. They conducted secondary analyses of cross-sectional data from 45,803 individuals from the United States from 2009 to 2014 of the National Core Indicators Adult Consumer Survey across five age groups: 18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60+ years. For both men and women with DS, BMI and weight increased between the 18- to 29- and the 30- to 39-year age groups and decreased thereafter. For both men and women with intellectual disability, BMI and weight increased between the 18- to 29- and the 30- to 39-year age groups, stayed about the same until the 50- to 59-year age group, and decreased thereafter. Height demonstrated a small but significant decrease with older age in all groups. These cross-sectional comparisons indicate that BMI and weight may start decreasing at a younger age in adults with DS than in adults with intellectual disability.

scholarly journals Genetic and BMI Risks for Predicting Blood Pressure in Three Generations of West African Dogon Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn Y. Taylor ◽  
Deborah Sampson ◽  
Andre D. Taylor ◽  
Dennis Caldwell ◽  
Yan V. Sun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
African American Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
West African ◽  
African Women ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Three Generations

The study of genetic polymorphisms and body mass index (BMI) among African women in Africa and in the United States contributes to our understanding of the genetic and environmental risk factors for hypertension. African American women have the highest prevalence of hypertension and obesity compared to other ethnic groups in the United States. Using a cross-sectional research design, we examined the effects of genetic and environmental risks of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and BMI on blood pressure (BP) among three generations of West African Dogon women ( N = 199). We genotyped six SNPs located in the candidate genes known to be related to hypertension. We tested the associations between these SNPs and systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) with Fisher’s exact tests, chi-square tests for independence, and multivariable linear mixed models. The SNP rs8179526 (SLC4A5) was significantly associated with SBP adjusted for age, age2, and BMI ( p = .02). The “C” allele variant of rs8179526 (allele frequency of 0.445) was associated with higher SBP. This SNP did not deviate from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) with p value of .772. The SNP × BMI interaction effects associated with SBP and DBP were not significant. rs8179526 is located on the SLC4A5 gene on chromosome 2. SLC4A5 encodes a protein that transports sodium and bicarbonate across cell membranes while regulating cellular pH and contains several SNPs linked to elevated BP. Knowledge of the SNP’s effect on hypertension among West African women can help health practitioners educate their patients about genetic risks of developing hypertension.

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