Multi-curie production of gallium-68 on a biomedical cyclotron and automated radiolabelling of PSMA-11 and DOTATATE

Abstract Background With increasing clinical demand for gallium-68, commercial germanium-68/gallium-68 ([68Ge]Ge/[68Ga]Ga) generators are incapable of supplying sufficient amounts of the short-lived daughter isotope. In this study, we demonstrate a high-yield, automated method for producing multi-Curie levels of [68Ga]GaCl3 from solid zinc-68 targets and subsequent labelling to produce clinical-grade [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE. Results Enriched zinc-68 targets were irradiated at up to 80 µA with 13 MeV protons for 120 min; repeatedly producing up to 194 GBq (5.24 Ci) of purified gallium-68 in the form of [68Ga]GaCl3 at the end of purification (EOP) from an expected > 370 GBq (> 10 Ci) at end of bombardment. A fully automated dissolution/separation process was completed in 35 min. Isolated product was analysed according to the Ph. Eur. monograph for accelerator produced [68Ga]GaCl3 and found to comply with all specifications. In every instance, the radiochemical purity exceeded 99.9% and importantly, the radionuclidic purity was sufficient to allow for a shelf-life of up to 7 h based on this metric alone. Fully automated production of up to 72.2 GBq [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 was performed, providing a product with high radiochemical purity (> 98.2%) and very high apparent molar activities of up to 722 MBq/nmol. Further, manual radiolabelling of up to 3.2 GBq DOTATATE was performed in high yields (> 95%) and with apparent molar activities (9–25 MBq/nmol) sufficient for clinical use. Conclusions We have developed a high-yielding, automated method for the production of very high amounts of [68Ga]GaCl3, sufficient to supply proximal radiopharmacies. The reported method led to record-high purified gallium-68 activities (194 GBq at end of purification) and subsequent labelling of PSMA-11 and DOTATATE. The process was highly automated from irradiation through to formulation of the product, and as such comprised a high level of radiation protection. The quality control results obtained for both [68Ga]GaCl3 for radiolabelling and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 are promising for clinical use.

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Multi-Curie Production of Gallium-68 on a Biomedical Cyclotron and Automated Radiolabelling of PSMA-11 and DOTATATE

10.21203/rs.3.rs-70698/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Helge Thisgaard ◽

Joel Kumlin ◽

Niels Langkjær ◽

Jansen Chua ◽

Brian Hook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiochemical Purity ◽

High Yield ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Automated Production ◽

Automated Method ◽

Gallium 68 ◽

High Yields ◽

High Level ◽

Mev Protons ◽

Very High

Abstract Background: With increasing clinical demand for gallium-68, commercial germanium-68/gallium-68 ([68Ge]Ge/[68Ga]Ga) generators are incapable of supplying sufficient amounts of the short-lived daughter isotope. In this study, we demonstrate a high-yield, automated method for producing multi-Curie levels of [68Ga]GaCl3 from solid zinc-68 targets and subsequent labelling to produce clinical-grade [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE.Results: Enriched zinc-68 targets were irradiated at up to 80 µA with 13 MeV protons for 120 min; repeatedly producing up to 194 GBq (5.24 Ci) of purified gallium-68 in the form of [68Ga]GaCl3 at the end of purification (EOP) from an expected >370 GBq (>10 Ci) at end of bombardment. A fully automated dissolution/separation process was completed in 35 min. Isolated product was analysed according to the draft Ph. Eur. monograph for accelerator produced [68Ga]GaCl3 and found to comply with all specifications. In every instance, the radiochemical purity exceeded 99.9% and importantly, the radionuclidic purity was sufficient to allow for a shelf-life of up to 7 h based on this metric alone. Fully automated production of up to 72.2 GBq [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 was performed, providing a product with high radiochemical purity (>98.2%) and very high apparent molar activities of up to 722 MBq/nmol. Further, manual radiolabelling of up to 3.2 GBq DOTATATE was performed in high yields (>95%) and with apparent molar activities (9-25 MBq/nmol) sufficient for clinical use.Conclusions: We have developed a high-yielding, automated method for the production of very high amounts of [68Ga]GaCl3, sufficient for supply proximal radiopharmacies. The reported method led to record-high purified gallium-68 activities (194 GBq at end of purification) and subsequent labelling of PSMA-11 and DOTATATE. The process was highly automated from irradiation through to formulation of the product, and as such comprised a high level of radiation protection. The quality control results obtained for both [68Ga]GaCl3 for radiolabelling and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 are promising for clinical use.

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Multi-curie Production of Gallium-68 on a Biomedical Cyclotron and Automated Radiolabelling of PSMA-11 and DOTATATE

10.21203/rs.3.rs-78850/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Helge Thisgaard ◽

Joel Kumlin ◽

Niels Langkjær ◽

Jansen Chua ◽

Brian Hook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiochemical Purity ◽

High Yield ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Automated Production ◽

Automated Method ◽

Gallium 68 ◽

High Yields ◽

High Level ◽

Mev Protons ◽

Very High

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Reductions with sulfurated borohydrides. V. Reductions of ketones

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v70-395 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 48 (15) ◽

pp. 2366-2371 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. M. Lalancette ◽

A. Freche

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Carbonyl Group ◽

Sodium Borohydride ◽

Room Temperature ◽

High Yield ◽

High Yields ◽

Very High

Ketones can be reduced with sulfurated sodium borohydride. Very high yield (≈90%) of the corresponding alcohol is obtained with the appropriate ratio of ketone and hydride at room temperature. The reaction is much influenced by the steric environment around the carbonyl group. At high temperature (65°) disulfides and tetrasulfides are produced. In some cases the structure of those sulfides have been established. Conjugated ketones can be reduced to the corresponding alcohols with very high yields.

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ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STABILITY AND PLASTICITY OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES OF DIFFERENT VARIETY CHANGING PERIODS

Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii ◽

10.26897/0021-342x-2020-3-142-149 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 142-149

Author(s):

N.V. DAVYDOVA ◽

◽

A.O. KAZACHENKO ◽

A.V. SHIROKOLAVA ◽

V.A. NARDID ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stability Index ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Soft Wheat ◽

High Yield ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Ecological Plasticity ◽

Spring Soft Wheat ◽

Wide Range ◽

High Yields ◽

High Level

The paper presents an analysis of spring soft wheat varieties of different periods of variety change according to ecological plasticity and stability when cultivated in different climatic conditions (2014–2019). To increase the yield of spring soft wheat varieties, much attention is paid to the devlopment of high-intensity forms that respond positively to additional investments in agricultural technology. These varieties must also demonstrate high yield stability as well as plasticity in relation to environmental factors – i.e. the ability to form the high yields in wide range of environmental conditions. In the course of the study, the authors carried out an environmental assessment of ten varieties of four major groups by yield in a five-year field experiment. The yield upper limits, as well as an indicator of stress resistance, were estimated. Based on these data, statistical coefficients of their ecological plasticity and stability, as well as the stability variant, were analyzed. The Agatha and Esther spring wheat varieties showed the most responsiveness to the improvement of cultivation conditions. They can be considered the most plastic varieties. The highest stability index was observed in the Radmir, Amir, MIS, Zlata and Lyubava varieties. The most promising among the new spring soft wheat varieties is the Radmira variety, which has the best adaptive potential, which incidentally allows it to form a stable high level of productivity in changeable climatic conditions. Among the varieties of earlier periods, promising cultivars include the Zlata variety. Its high adaptability is comfirmed by its cultivation in 1,2,3,4 and 7 regions of Russia.

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Comparative varieties characteristics of watermelon accessions of ukrainian and foreign breeding

Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources) ◽

10.36814/pgr.2021.28.07 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 71-77

Author(s):

ZP Linnik ◽

IМ Mytenko ◽

OV Sergienko

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Matter Content ◽

High Yield ◽

Standard Samples ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

The Common ◽

Marketable Fruit ◽

High Level ◽

Very High

Aim. Evaluation of the common watermelon gene pool in terms of yield, marketable fruit weight and dry soluble matter content and isolation of the most valuable accessions for use in breeding programs. Results and Discussion. The article presents the results of studies on the assessment of 153 samples of common watermelon of Ukrainian and foreign selection in terms of yield, weight of marketable fruit and the content of dry soluble substances. One accession with very high level of fruit yield (> 113% to the standard) was selected – accession Lad (62,3 t/ha) from Ukraine. With high level of yield (> 101% to the standard), samples from Russia were selected: Solntsedar (55,7t/ha), Podarok Solntsa (58t/ha) and Samurai (58,3t/ha). With yield closed to the standard (97,7%) there was a sample from Russia – Shapka Imperatora (53,5t/ha). The mass of marketable fruit, 5 samples were the best: Solntsedar (2,5 kg), Lad (2,6 kg), Yatum (2,86 kg), Samurai (3,04 kg), Podarok Solntsa (3,99 kg). According to the content of dry soluble matter, samples from Ukraine were selected as a source for breeding: Alyi solodkyi (14%) and accession from Czech Republic Sugar baby (15%). According to the complex of features (consistently high yield, high taste), the following samples are of practical value for breeding: Lad, Yatum, Alyi solodkyi (Ukraine); Solntsedar, Podarok Solntsa, Samurai (Russia), Sugar baby (Czech Republic). Conclusions. Based on the results of the study of 153 collection accessions of common watermelon during 2018–2020. Accessions were selected: 4 by yield (55,7-62,3t/ha), 5 by fruit weight (2,51-3,99 kg), 2 by content of dry soluble matter (14-15 mg%), 7 by complex of valuable features.

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Evaluation of germ plasm for resistant to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)

JURNAL AGRI-TEK Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Eksakta ◽

10.33319/agtek.v21i1.66 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 6-9

Author(s):

Wuye Ria Andayanie

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Polyclonal Antibody ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Germ Plasm ◽

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽

High Yield ◽

High Yields

Soybean superior varieties with high yields and are resistant to abiotic stress have been largely released, although some varieties grown in the field are not resistant to SMV. In addition, the opportunity to obtain lines of hope as prospective varieties with high yield and resistance to SMV is very small. The method for evaluating soybean germplasm is based on serological observations of 98 accessions of leaf samples from SMV inoculation with T isolate. The evaluation results of 98 accessions based on visual observations showed 31 genotypes reacting very resistant or healthy to mild resistant category to SMV T isolate with a percentage of symptom severity of 0 −30 %. Among 31 genotypes there are 2 genotypes (PI 200485; M8Grb 44; Mlg 3288) with the category of visually very resistant and resistant, respectively and Mlg 3288 with the category of mild resistant. They have a good agronomic appearance with a weight of 100 seeds (˃10 g) and react negatively with polyclonal antibodies to SMV, except Mlg 3288 reaction is not consistent, despite the weight of 100 seeds (˃ 10 g). Leaf samples from 98 accessions revealed various symptoms of SMV infection in the field. This diversity of symptoms is caused by susceptibility to accession, when infection occurs, and environmental factors. Keywords—: soybean; genotipe; Soybean mosaic virus (SMV); disease severity; polyclonal antibody

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التغير المناخي واثره في المقنن المائي لمحصول العنب في محافظة ديالى

Journal of Education College Wasit University ◽

10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss34.800 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (34) ◽

pp. 391-422

Author(s):

اشواق حسن حميد صالح

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Wind Speed ◽

Extreme Temperature ◽

Solar Brightness ◽

The Subject ◽

Climate Station ◽

The Times ◽

High Level ◽

Very High

Climate change and its impact on water resources is the problem of the times. Therefore, this study is concerned with the subject of climate change and its impact on the water ration of the grape harvest in Diyala Governorate. The study was based on the data of the Khanaqin climate station for the period 1973-2017, (1986-2017) due to lack of data at governorate level. The general trend of the elements of the climate and its effect on the water formula was extracted. The equation of change was extracted for the duration of the study. The statistical analysis was also used between the elements of the climate (actual brightness, normal temperature, micro and maximum degrees Celsius, wind speed m / s, relative humidity% The results of the statistical analysis confirm that the water ration for the study area is based mainly on the X7 evaporation / netting variable, which is affected by a set of independent variables X1 Solar Brightness X4 X5 Extreme Temperature Wind Speed 3X Minimal Temperature and Very High Level .

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DURIMPHY

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.fe0140 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Yield Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Precipitation Hardening ◽

Heat Treating ◽

High Yield ◽

High Yield Strength ◽

Precision Alloys ◽

Very High

Abstract Durimphy is a maraging steel with 1724 MPa (250 ksi) tensile strength and a very high yield strength due to precipitation hardening. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: FE-140. Producer or source: Metalimphy Precision Alloys.

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