scholarly journals Measles outbreak amidst COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: grappling with looming crises

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Tunde Aborode ◽  
Abdulhammed Opeyemi Babatunde ◽  
Bright-Agbonze Samuel Osayomwanbor ◽  
Emmanuel Adebowale Fajemisin ◽  
Oko Christian Inya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
African Health ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and measles are major threats to the health and wellbeing of Africans. Measles is an endemic disease in Africa with a high mortality rate especially in children despite available vaccines. This letter aims to discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prevention and management of measles in Africa. The emergence of COVID-19 has exacerbated the morbidities of measles due to multi-factors like the disruption of mass measles routine vaccination, a monopolistic focus on COVID-19 eradication, malnutrition, and poor surveillance. Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic and looming measles epidemic pose a double burden on the African health sector. We recommend urgent interventions from government and other stakeholders including community leaders to strengthen measles research and vaccination programs in Africa amidst the pandemic.

scholarly journals The Impact of Structural Inequities on Older Asian Americans During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Pui Kwan Ma ◽  
Adrian Matias Bacong ◽  
Simona C. Kwon ◽  
Stella S. Yi ◽  
Lan N. Ðoàn
Keyword(s):  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
Language Diversity ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Structural Inequities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Structural racism manifests as an historical and continued invisibility of Asian Americans, whose experiences of disparities and diverse needs are omitted in research, data, and policy. During the pandemic, this invisibility intersects with rising anti-Asian violence and other persistent structural inequities that contribute to higher COVID-19 mortality in older Asian Americans compared to non-Hispanic whites. This perspective describes how structural inequities in social determinants of health—namely immigration, language and telehealth access, and economic conditions—lead to increased COVID-19 mortality and barriers to care among older Asian Americans. Specifically, we discuss how the historically racialized immigration system has patterned older Asian immigrant subpopulations into working in frontline essential occupations with high COVID-19 exposure. The threat of “public charge” rule has also prevented Asian immigrants from receiving eligible public assistance including COVID-19 testing and vaccination programs. We highlight the language diversity among older Asian Americans and how language access remains unaddressed in clinical and non-clinical services and creates barriers to routine and COVID-19 related care, particularly in geographic regions with small Asian American populations. We discuss the economic insecurity of older Asian immigrants and how co-residence in multigenerational homes has exposed them to greater risk of coronavirus transmission. Using an intersectionality-informed approach to address structural inequities, we recommend the disaggregation of racial/ethnic data, meaningful inclusion of older Asian Americans in research and policy, and equitable investment in community and multi-sectoral partnerships to improve health and wellbeing of older Asian Americans.

Low dose whole lung radiotherapy for older patients with corona virus 19 disease (COVID-19) pneumonitis: practical protocol by the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam Nguyen ◽  
Meritxell Arenas ◽  
Te Vuong ◽  
Alice Zamagni ◽  
Vincent Vinh-Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Artificial Ventilation ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Lung Radiotherapy ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) carry a high mortality rate among older patients and minorities such as ethnic Africans and Latinos. The chronic baseline systemic inflammation of older patients and minorities may make them more vulnerable to the cytokines storm generated by the viral infection in addition to preexisting co-morbidity. Even though multiple organs failure result from the cytokine storm, pneumonia and respiratory failure often lead to death. OBJECTIVE Low dose whole lung radiotherapy (LDWLRT) may modulate the inflammatory response and may decrease the need for artificial ventilation, thus improving mortality rate. METHODS A phase I-II prospective trials enrolling 500 patients, 65 years old or older from 25 countries will be conducted to investigate the impact of LDWLRT on mortality rate of COVID-19 patients. The patients who will be selected would have developed pneumonias but did not require artificial ventilation. These patients will be followed for a year after receiving this treatment. Their physical activities will be monitored through the ordinal scale and will be correlated with their cytokines status and oxygen saturation rate to assess the impact of the residual inflammation on their daily life. Mortality rates between different ethnic group will be compared and correlated with their cytokines response to the virus and number of co-morbidities. RESULTS We postulate that LDWLRT may improve survival rates of all patients by preventing the need for artificial ventilation which is associated with a high mortality. The inflammatory response between different ethnic groups before and following radiotherapy will be valuable to serve as baseline for future prospective pandemic studies as it has not been reported before. CONCLUSIONS Once the study is complete, we may be able to demonstrate that LDWLRT may improve survival through its anti-inflammatory property CLINICALTRIAL NCT 04493294

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF THE NURSE IN FRONT OF THE USER VICTIM OF TRAUMA CAUSED BY FIREARMS PROJECTILES: AN EXPERIENCE REPORT

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Experience Report ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Nursing Process ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Type Study ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nursing Course

Firearm trauma is considered one of the main reasons for morbidity and mortality in Brazil. In view of its destructive capacity of organs and tissues that come into contact with the fragments of the bullet. This work aims to report the experience of three students of the nursing course, facing the care of a patient with a firearm. This is a descriptive, qualitative, experience report type study. In the present study, it was possible to envision the application of the nursing process in its entirety, which allowed us to think of a plan based on the process of rehabilitation and healing of the patient. Going up a discussion about the violence in the country, since it is taking a high mortality rate between 15 to 24 years. Based on the construction of this work, it is suggested to create new research that addresses in a qualitative and quantitative way the impact of cases of violence in today's society.

scholarly journals FACTORS RELATED TO ADOLESCENT DELAY IN PANEMBONG GIRANG CIANJUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Helvy Yunida
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

The juvenile delinquency rate in Panembong girang has long been very high. The environment is not good. For parents who have teenagers, they will be very worried if their teenagers are released to hang out with teenagers in such an environment. Many behaviors that lead to juvenile delinquency. The teenager's acquaintance with the Panembong Girang teenager has led to a legal case, which has ended at the court. These include being involved in drug abuse, beating other people until they are seriously injured and sentenced to prison, drinking alcohol, promiscuity, stealing, and others. The impact of juvenile delinquency The juvenile mortality rate in Panembong Girang is very high, compared to the death rate of adults and parents. The cause of the high mortality rate of adolescents in Panembong girang indirectly is the lack of control of adolescents in managing themselves. Often gather, in groups with peers, who incidentally have bad behavior. So that teenagers do what they should not do. Having an uncontrollable personality, causing the teenager to fall into drinking liquor or alcohol. One of the causes of death in adolescents worldwide due to accidents. in Panembong Girang the number of causes of death for adolescents is directly due to alcohol and accidents. The purpose of the study was to determine the cause of death of adolescents and to determine the lifestyle of panembong happy adolescents. The research method is a qualitative descriptive research design. The informants were taken by 3 neighbors next door to the meatball seller's house, teenagers and members of the Youth Organization. Results and Discussion: the cause of the death rate of adolescents due to alcohol died immediately and when drunk driving a motor vehicle an accident. Conclusion: the factors of the high mortality rate of adolescents in Panembong Girang are due to alcohol and accidents after drinking alcohol

scholarly journals The Brain Drain Potential of Students in the African Health and Nonhealth Sectors

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Crush ◽  
Wade Pendleton
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
African Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Very High

The departure of health professionals to Europe and North America is placing an intolerable burden on public health systems in many African countries. Various retention, recall, and replacement policies to ameliorate the impact of this brain drain have been suggested, none of which have been particularly successful to date. The key question for the future is whether the brain drain of health sector skills is likely to continue and whether the investment of African countries in training health professionals will continue to be lost through emigration. This paper examines the emigration intentions of trainee health professionals in six Southern African countries. The data was collected by the Southern African Migration Program (SAMP) in a survey of final-year students across the region which included 651 students training for the health professions. The data also allows for the comparison of health sector with other students. The analysis presented in this paper shows very high emigration potential amongst all final-year students. Health sector students do show a slightly higher inclination to leave than those training to work in other sectors. These findings present a considerable challenge for policy makers seeking to encourage students to stay at home and work after graduation.

Business Incubation Initiatives Impact on Entrepreneurs and SMEs

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Business Incubation ◽  
Methodological Triangulation ◽  
The Impact

Business incubation (BI) is a strategic tool that helps a country to grow its entrepreneurial base and reduce the high mortality rate of SMEs. Kingdom of Eswatini adopted the business incubation initiatives to promote entrepreneurship and SME development. To date, no data exist on the impact made by business incubation initiatives. Adopting methodological triangulation of both quantitative and qualitative data collected through questionnaires and interviews where the participants consisted of SME owners, BI managers, and BI trainers, this exploratory study aims to investigate business incubation initiatives' impact on entrepreneurs and SMEs. Findings reflect that BIs measure their impact by seeing an increase in revenue, increase in the number of people employed, and SME survival post the incubation period. Though SMEs agreed that the BI effects positively, the study also revealed that some SMEs remained in the incubation for more than 10 years. Policy implications emerging are the need to introduce graduation policy and proper determination of requirements for incubation.

scholarly journals Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on diabetic patients: An endocrinological perspective for better management

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Himanshu Agrawal ◽  
Neeladrisingha Das ◽  
Sandip Nathani ◽  
Partha Roy
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Special Care ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Health Related

The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to severe health-related distress globally. Worldwide, different vaccines have been proven safe and effective against COVID-19. However, at present, immunization is permitted for the individuals involved in health sector in India and therefore still requires special care. Elderly people especially with other chronic ailments are the most vulnerable population for this infection. Diabetes is one such ailment which makes an individual more vulnerable toward this viral infection and if infected, the chances of survival of such individuals are very low. In the current review, we have discussed the endocrine aspects which might be responsible for the high mortality rate due to COVID-19 in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE AND INFANT MORTALITY RATE IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
Adeagbo Mathew Oluwaseun
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
The Impact

One of the numerous responsibilities of the government of any country is to invest in the various sectors of the economy. This should, however, be channeled to the appropriate sectors, such as the health sector, that will lead to a continual growth of the country. It is in the light of this, that this study looks at government spending on the health sector and its effect on infant mortality rate (INFM) in Nigeria. Health is central to the well-being of the citizens. This study made an attempt to provide empirical evidence of the impact of public health expenditure on infant mortality rate in Nigeria between 1991 and 2018 using time series data. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) analytical method was used to examine the relationships. Various robustness checks were carried out to ensure the reliability of the result for policy makers. Findings revealed that all variables employed positively impacted INFM except for Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus (DPT) immunization and female literacy rate. It was therefore recommended that more public enlightenments on the importance of taking DPT immunization for infants should be embarked upon for the target audience to be able to produce a positive effect, nursing mothers should be educated more on the need to take good care of their children especially at the early stage and not leave chance to the faith of the day care, all in the name of being literate and answering the call of their job at the expense of their parental role among others.

Emamectin benzoate is a safe and effective anthelmintic against coelomic nematode Philometra rubra in striped bass Morone saxatilis

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
K Béland ◽  
G Séguin ◽  
S Lair
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Fish Hatchery ◽  
Parasitic Burden

An unusually high mortality rate due to verminous (Philometra rubra) coelomitis was documented in wild-hatched striped bass Morone saxatilis raised in a fish hatchery as part of a stock restoration program. To decrease the parasitic burden and therefore potentially minimize mortality, the effectiveness of 2 different anthelmintics was evaluated. Two trials were conducted on wild-collected fingerlings naturally infected by P. rubra. In 2006, 144 yearling fish were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups: (1) levamisole (Levasol®) at 2 mg l-1 via immersion for 8 h once weekly for 3 wk; (2) levamisole at a dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 biomass via feed once daily for 7 d; (3) emamectin benzoate (Slice®) at a dose of 0.05 mg kg-1 biomass via feed once daily for 7 d; and (4) control. Emamectin successfully eliminated live nematodes in 84.9% of the fish, whereas the administration of levamisole, either via immersion or feed, was not successful in significantly reducing the number of live P. rubra. In 2007, the administration of the same dosage of emamectin to approximately 1000 naturally infected yearling striped bass was associated with a 100% mortality rate of P. rubra in the 30 fish randomly examined 5 wk after the beginning of the treatment. Results of these trials indicate that, at the dosage used, the administration of emamectin at the end of the summer is safe for striped bass yearlings and considerably reduces the prevalence and intensity of the infection by this parasite.

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