scholarly journals Forensic examination of effects of rheumatoid arthritis on handwriting characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Saini ◽  
Bhavya Sharma ◽  
Manpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Document Examiners ◽  
Huge Variation

Abstract Background Rheumatoid arthritis is known to produce deformity of the joints and muscles which can affect the handwriting of an individual significantly. Examination of such handwriting specimens can become a challenging task for the document examiners. This can affect the accuracy of their opinions upon the related cases. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the effects of rheumatoid arthritis on handwriting characteristics qualitatively and statistically. The study also included qualitative analysis and comparison of line quality defects of copied writings and writings affected by rheumatoid arthritis. Results Handwriting characteristics were analyzed qualitatively and statistically in old writings vs affected writings. All these handwriting characteristics were also analyzed qualitatively in copied writings vs affected writings. The results of the study showed significant deteriorating effects of rheumatoid arthritis on almost all handwriting characteristics, except for characteristics such as slant, retouching, and overwriting. The pictorial appearance of letters in the writings executed before and after the onset of illness was even observed to appear different altogether in case of some individuals with severely affected writings. Moreover, the analysis of copied writings indicated the execution of writing by a different person. Handwriting characteristics such as slant, spacing, and alignment were observed to show insignificance in analyzing differences between copied and genuine writings affected by the illness. Conclusion It has been concluded that rheumatoid arthritis causes deterioration of letters, tremor, disturbed rhythm, and a huge variation in other handwriting characteristics. The copied writings have also presented line quality defects like artificial tremor, hesitations, retouching, and unnatural pen lifts at all wrong places. The determination of these peculiarities may assist the document examiners in the differentiation of copied and affected writings.

scholarly journals Rockwell Hardness Testing of Pure Nickel Collimators for BNCT Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Erasmus Prakasita ◽  
Yohanes Sardjono ◽  
Budi Setyahandana
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Hardness Testing ◽  
Hardness Number ◽  
Boron Neutron Capture ◽  
Material Hardness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All

In this study, Rockwell and Brinell hardness testing was used to examine material hardness. These methods were chosen because they are easy to carry out, relatively inexpensive, and almost all sizes and shapes can be tested, in which nickel hardness before and after centrifugal casting are identified and compared. These tests enable the determination of the hardness numbers of nickel collimators using for boron neutron capture therapy. The samples were five nickel plates with a dimension of 4.5 × 4.5 cm and five collimators. The collimators were cylindrical and made using centrifugal casting. The basic principle of the hardness test was to apply loading on the object being tested. The Rockwell test was used to assess the material's hardness from the difference of indentation depth, while the Brinell test was used to determine the hardness from the diameter of indentation. From the results of this test, the hardness number of nickel before centrifugal casting is 168.53 BHN or 86.13 HRB, while the hardness number after centrifugal casting is 115.68 BHN or 64.84 HRB. It can therefore be concluded that centrifugal casting decreased nickel hardness.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus of raw cow's milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (102) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
M. D. Kukhtyn ◽  
Y. V. Horiuk ◽  
V. Z. Salata ◽  
V. T. Klymyk ◽  
N. M. Vorozhbit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Almost All

The presence of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk is considered a direct danger to consumers. Almost all types of dairy products normalize the amount of Staphylococcus aureus in 1 g (cm3) of product, due to their ability to produce thermostable enterotoxins. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of incision of teats of healthy and sick mastitis cows and milking equipment for irradiation of cow's milk with Staphylococcus aureus. Sanitation of milking equipment in farms was carried out with alkaline detergents based on sodium hypochlorite and acid based on phosphoric acid. Blood agar with 5 % sodium chloride was used to isolate staphylococci from washes and milk. Species identification of pure cultures of staphylococci was performed using RapID Staph Plus kits. At the same time before and after milking the skin of teats with Udder Wash and Udder Forte reduces the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus to 4.1 ± 0.3 % of cases. Quantitative determination of staphylococci, including golden on the skin of the teats revealed a decrease in the latter from 283.5 ± 21.2 to 27.6 ± 2.1 CFU/cm3 flush after milking. It has been established that the number of staphylococci, including golden, on the skin of teats increases sharply under subclinical or clinical ointment. Thus, it was found that in the subclinical form of staphylococcal mastitis from the skin of teats isolated S. aureus in the amount of 790.6 ± 65.4 CFU/cm3 of wash. At the same time, in the clinical form of mastitis, the amount of S. aureus increased, on average to 8 thousand CFU/cm3 of flush. It was found that under the condition of sanitary treatment of milking equipment with alternate use of alkaline and acid detergents and disinfectants, only 25 % of washes were staphylococci, and gold – up to 5 % of samples. It was found that in 43.7 ± 3.9 % of raw milk samples Staphylococcus aureus was not detected in 1 cm3. The number of milk samples containing Staphylococcus aureus up to 100 CFU/cm3 was 39.1 ± 3.3 %, and 17.2 ± 1.4 % of milk samples were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus in the amount of 101 to 200 CFU/cm3. Therefore, the presence of more than 200 CFU/cm3 in freshly milked Staphylococcus aureus in milk indicates the ineffectiveness of antimastitis measures, skin remediation of teats and sanitation of milking equipment.

scholarly journals Estimation of Environmental Risk when Eating Raw and Boiled Vegetables

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Almost All

The risk to human health due the consumption of vegetables is based on the characterization of harmful effects that can develop in the human body in case of the long-term eating of these products. At the same time, when people consume vegetables, it is possible to reduce their content of pollutants by heat treatment, for example, cooking. Therefore, it is relevant to compare the risk that occurs when eating raw and boiled vegetables. Purpose. Determination of environmental risk from the eating of vegetables (carrots and potatoes) with high concentrations of chemical elements and the ability to reduce them in case of boiling. Methods. Field, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, statistical methods were used. Results. On the basis of field-based research, the content of heavy metals - lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and iron and nitrates in cooked and raw carrots and potatoes - was determined on the farmland located in Shevchenkovo settlement of the Kharkiv region and laboratory studies. It turned out that virtually all metals concentrations do not have excessived MAC. To determine the level of influence of cooking on the fruit the relative content of heavy metals before and after cooking were researched. Based on the results of laboratory analysis, the coefficients of concentration of heavy metals in plant products were calculated and the environmental risk from the consumption of vegetables in food was calculated. When comparing all risk agents among themselves by hazard ratios, the predominance of nitrates and cadmium in all samples was detected. It should also be noted that there is a high risk of lead, copper and iron found in carrots. Comparison of test objects with the overall environmental risk for health from their use showed that the highest risk is crude carrots, and the lowest - potatoes are cooked. Heat treatment of carrots reduces the overall risk by only 25%, and potato - by 40%. Conclusions. It is established that after heat treatment almost all substances are partially derived from vegetables. Analysis of the changes occurring in potatoes and carrots after cooking indicates a reduction in the risk of the disease. The risk of the onset of diseases in virtually all organs is highest when carrots are consumed raw.

scholarly journals Kinerja Kelompok Tani dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Tanaman Rakyat di Desa Bacu-Bacu Kabupaten Barru

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Ridwan Ridwan ◽  
Mas'ud Junus ◽  
M. Asar Said Mahbub ◽  
Restu Puput Windarti
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Farmer Groups

This study aims to describe the variables and indicators that affect the performance of farmer groups in forest management before and after the determination of HTR area and analyze the performance of farmer groups in forest management before and after the determination of Community Timber Plantation area. This research is done by the study of diagnostic study and interview then data analysis is done with quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results show that the performance of farmer groups is strongly influenced by group work plans, management areas, land preparation and breeding processes. The performance of farmer groups as a whole is good / not good because not yet the issue of IUPHHK-HTR SK individually by Padang Pobbo forest farmer group.

scholarly journals Determination of soil density by theoretical and experimental methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 344 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
A. V. Lavrov ◽  
M. A. Litvinov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Steel Cylinder ◽  
Soil Hardness ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Maximum Contact

Relevance. According our researches it was found that almost all models oftractors and self-propelled machines has created the maximum contact pressure ofthe movers on the soil above the permissible values. In such way, in view ofthe extreme topicality of the saving soil fertility during evaluating theagrotechnical indicators of a self-propelled selection seeder, it is necessary, first ofall, to make researches to determine the harmful effect of propellers on the soil.Methods. Theoretical researches of determining the soil hardness and density werecarried out using the dependence of density on hardness. During the tests of theself-propelled selection seeder, soil moisture was measured at a depth of 3 inches (7.6 cm) and it was 20%. To measure soil moisture, It was used a digital device, itwas a universal moisture meter TK100. Samples were taken before and after eachpass of the self-propelled seeder with the front and rear wheels. Hardness wasmeasured for each sample.The Kachinskys method was used to measure soil density as the experimentalmethod. To take soil samples, a 100 cubic meter drill (steel cylinder) was used.Soil samples were taken according to the method described above. At the sametime, for each case, three samples were taken to exclude random deviations in soildensity indicators. In the laboratory, the samples were weighed on a VK 3000.1electronic balance with a measurement error of 0.1 grams.Results. The soil density was determined by calculation and experimental methodsin three zones: before the seeder pass and after each its pass in the track behind thefront and rear wheels at a depth of 7.6 cm. The results obtained differ from eachother by a maximum of 6.2%.

The Plasmin Inhibitors of Plasma

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Shamash ◽  
A Rimon
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
New Method ◽  
Normal Amount ◽  
Caseinolytic Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasmin Inhibitors

SummaryA new method for the assay of plasmin inhibitors in human plasma is described. The method consists of determination of the caseinolytic activity of a standard plasmin solution before and after incubation with the inhibitor, with lysine added to the mixture as a stabilizer of plasmin. Using this method, it was found that plasma contains enough inhibitors to inactivate 30 caseinolytic units of plasmin, or 10 times the normal amount of plasminogen in human plasma.

FRACTIONAL DETERMINATIONS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti A. Järvinen ◽  
Sykkö Pesonen ◽  
Pirkko Väänänen
Keyword(s):  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT The fractional determination of 17-ketosteroids in the daily urine was performed in nine cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and in four control cases, in the first trimester of pregnancy both before and after corticotrophin administration. The excretion of total 17-KS is similar in the two groups. Only in the hyperemesis group does the excretion of total 17-KS increase significantly after corticotrophin administration. The fractional determination reveals no difference between the two groups of patients with regard to the values of the fractions U (unidentified 17-KS), A (androsterone) and Rest (11-oxygenated 17-KS). The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone is significantly higher in the hyperemesis group than in the control group. The excretion of androstanolone seems to be lower in the hyperemesis group than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant. The differences in the correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstanolone in the two groups is significant. The high excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and low excretion of androstanolone in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum is a sign of adrenal dysfunction.

DETERMINATION OF BLOOD CORTICOIDS USING THE IN VITRO RESIN UPTAKE OF 3H-PREDNISOLONE

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Nakajima ◽  
Mitsunori Murala ◽  
Masumitsu Nakata ◽  
Takeshi Naruse ◽  
Seiji Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Suppression Test

ABSTRACT The in vitro resin uptake of 3H-prednisolone was used for the determination of blood cortisol after addition of radioactive prednisolone followed by Amberlite CG 400 Type 1 to the test serum, and incubation of the mixture. The radioactivity of the supernatant was compared before and after the addition of the resin. The principle of this method is similar to that of the 131I-triiodothyronine resin uptake for the thyroid function test. The tests for the specificity, reproducibility and sensitivity gave satisfactory results. The mean basal value ± SD of the 3H-prednisolone resin uptake was 35.3 ± 9.2% in normal subjects, and 27.1 ± 4.8% in pregnant women. This method was valid in various adrenal function tests, i. e. the adrenal circadian rhythm, corticotrophin (ACTH) test, dexamethasone suppression test and the adrenal response to lysine-8-vasopressin. It proved to be a sensitive indicator of the adrenal function. These results suggest that this method should be useful for a routine adrenal function test.

Population Change, Modernization and Welfare. By Joseph Spengler. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1974.

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-222
Author(s):  
Zeba A. Sathar
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Almost All

The book covers a wide field, touching on almost all aspects of popula¬tion change on a world-wide scale. It discusses, using world and country data, the relationships between demographic and socio-economic variables, and elaborates on" their relative importance in the determination of population problems which confront the world as a whole and nations individually. Policies designed to alleviate these problems are discussed with an emphasis on those related to population control. The first chapter is entitled "Population Growth: Past and Prospective" and reviews the various parameters associated with population change in the past and in the future. It touches upon the concept of a stable population in order to show the elements which cause a population to change (i.e. remove it from its stable condition). The main elements of change, population growth, migration, mortality and natality are discussed individually. The chapter is concluded by a description of the main differences in these elements and other socio-economic conditions as they exist in the less-developed and developed countries.

The Frequency of Occurrence of Handwriting Performance Features Used to Predict Whether Questioned Signatures are Simulated

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
David Black ◽  
Bryan Found ◽  
Doug Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Relative Speed ◽  
Simulation Process ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Document Examiners ◽  
Line Trace

Forensic Document Examiners (FDEs) examine the physical morphology and performance attributes of a line trace when comparing questioned to specimen handwriting samples for the purpose of determining authorship. Along with spatial features, the elements of execution of the handwriting are thought to provide information as to whether or not a questioned sample is the product of a disguise or simulation process. Line features such as tremor, pen-lifts, blunt beginning and terminating strokes, indicators of relative speed, splicing and touch ups, are subjectively assessed and used in comparisons by FDEs and can contribute to the formation of an opinion as to the validity of a questioned sample of handwriting or signatures. In spite of the routine use of features such as these, there is little information available regarding the relative frequency of occurrence of these features in populations of disguised and simulated samples when compared to a large population of a single individual’s signature. This study describes a survey of the occurrence of these features in 46 disguised signatures, 620 simulated signatures (produced by 31 different amateur forgers) and 177 genuine signatures. It was found that the presence of splices and touch-ups were particularly good predictors of the simulation process and that all line quality parameters were potentially useful contributors in the determination of the authenticity of questioned signatures. Purchase Article - $10

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