scholarly journals Evaluation of augmentative biological control strategy against major borer insect pests of sugarcane—a large-scale field appraisal

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhendu Sharma ◽  
P. S. Shera ◽  
Rabinder Kaur ◽  
K. S. Sangha
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio

Abstract Background Biological alternatives to pesticides in agriculture do not harm non-targets organisms including natural enemies of insect pests. Experiments were conducted at sugarcane fields during 2015 to 2019 to assess large scale biocontrol practices, involving inundative releases of trichogrammatids against lepidopteran borers in comparison to conventional chemical-based farmers’ practice. Main body Eight releases each of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii and Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead were made at 50,000 ha−1 at 10 days interval for the management of sugarcane stem borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen and the sugarcane top borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), respectively. Likewise, 10–12 releases of T. chilonis were made at 50,000 ha−1 at 10 days interval for the management of sugarcane stalk borer, Chilo auricilius Dudgeon (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The biocontrol intervention was compared with farmer’s practice (chemical control) in managing these borers. The results showed that farmers’ practices and biocontrol treated fields resulted in a lower incidence of C. infuscatellus (1.1, 2.9%) and S excerptalis (1.7, 3.9%) than the untreated control fields, wherein the mean per cent incidence of these borers (6.8, 8.5%) was significantly higher. The incidence of C. auricilius was also lower in augmented fields (2.8%) than untreated fields (7.3%). The yield data indicated that farmers adopting biocontrol practices were able to get comparable yield and benefit: cost ratio than farmers’ practice, both being better than untreated control. Moreover, in biocontrol fields, parasitism rate on the factitious host, Corcyra cephalonica Stainton cards was estimated. Conclusion Thus, the study highlights the significance of adoption of biocontrol-based technology over a long run to provide sustainable system of sugarcane insect pest management and economic benefits to the stakeholders.

scholarly journals Validation of integrated pest management module against insect pests of pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan in Tarai region of Uttarakhand

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1077-1080
Author(s):  
R.P. Maurya ◽  
Meena Agnihotri ◽  
S. Tiwari ◽  
L.B. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Pod Borer

Experiments on validation of integrated pest management (IPM) module against insect pest of pigeonpea in comparison with the Non-IPM (farmer’s practices) were conducted at N.E.B. Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar during Kharif 2014 and 2015. Adopted IPM module contained Seed treatment with Trichoderma spp. @10g/kg of seed, Sole crop, Bird perches @ 50/ha, need based insecticides spray (Chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC @ 30 g a. i./ha; Neem soap@10g/lit; Acetamiprid 20SP @ 20 g a. i./ha). The results indicated that minimum population of pod borers (Helicoverpa armigera,Maruca vitrata and podfly) and sucking insects (aphids, jassids, pod bug) was reported in IPM plots and maximum population of insects was observed in Non-IPM plots. Percent insect control over non-IPM was 50.98 % for H. armigera, 44.69 % for M. vitrata and 19.17 % for Maruca webbing were recorded. While, for sucking pest complex, insect control over non-IPM was 51.59 %, 40.36 % and 36.17 % against jassids, aphids and tur pod bug, respectively. Similarly, minimum pod borer damage (6.48 and 7.71 %) was recorded in IPM plots as compared to maximum pod borer damage (8.37 and 8.22 %) in non-IPM plots, respectively during 2014 and 2015. Whereas, pooled grain yield for IPM plots was 1286.5 kg/ha for both seasons as against 888 kg/ha in non-IPM plots with 1:2.89 benefit cost ratio. Hence, It is apparent that studied IPM module was able to increase the yield of pigeonepea with lower cost of production as against non-IPM thus it would be benefiting the farmers.

Comparative Effectiveness Of Seed Treating And Foliar Insecticides Against Sucking Pests Of Cotton And Impact On Their Natural Enemies

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
SMA Hossain ◽  
MA Baque ◽  
MR Amin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Thrips Population ◽  
Cotton Cultivar

The Imidacloprid insecticide, Gaucho 70 WS at 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 g/kg seed was used as seed treatment and monocrotophos 40 WSC at 1120 ml/ha was applied as foliar spray on CB9 cotton cultivar to suppress aphid, whitefly and thrips, and impact on their natural enemies during 2008-2011 at the Regional Cotton Research Station, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. The activity of natural enemies, such as ladybird beetle, lacewing, syrphid, and spider population on the sucking pests attacking cotton cultivar CB9 and yield of cotton were recorded. Imidacloprid significantly reduced aphid, whitefly, and thrips population on cotton crops compared to untreated control or foliar spray of monocrotophos 40 WSC at 1120 ml/ha. Ladybird beetles, lacewings, syrphids, and spiders were abundant in the field but their population decreased in the treated plots compared to untreated control. The CB9 cotton cultivar produced significantly higher yield (1.73 t/ha) with a benefit cost ratio 12.47 when seeds were treated with Imidacloprid at 5.5 g/kg fuzzy seed. This study indicated that Imidacloprid (Gaucho 70 WS) used as a seed treatment may be suggested to the cotton growers for controlling sucking pests. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 61-70, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15190

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

scholarly journals Applying ANP in Establishing a Decision-Making Model for the Destination Selection of Large-scale Exhibitions

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Wen-Tsung Wu ◽  
Chie-Bein Chen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
High Benefit ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
Selection Of

This study investigates the decision-making issues in the selection of destinations for large-scale exhibitions by the cultural and creative industry. We use the Rubber Duck China Tour by the Dutch artist Florentijn Hofman as an example and adopt the analytic network process technique to evaluate destination options for the exhibition, as well as to explore the impacts of the evaluation of destination feasibilities on exhibition investment. The results show that power, a high benefit-cost ratio, first-tier cities, integration with local communities, and a rich and interesting theme are the top five factors that curators should consider when planning exhibitions. Considering the priority among cities of various tiers, first-tier cities are the most favorable, followed by fourth-tier, third-tier, and second-tier cities. The decision-making model provides curators with a reliable reference for selecting destinations for future exhibitions.

scholarly journals Efficacy of some insecticides against insect pests of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Altaf Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Thrips Population

Efficacy and profitability of insecticidal management practices using different insecticides were tested against insect pests of mungbean at Pulses Research Center, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during two consecutive seasons of kharif-1 2013 and 2014. Insect infestations were reduced significantly by the application of synthetic insecticides. Spraying of Imidachloprid (Imitaf 20 SL) @ 0.5 ml/l of water showed the best efficacy in reducing flower infestation and thrips population followed by Fipronil (Regent 50 SC). Spraying of Thiamethoxam + Chlorantraneliprol (Voliam flexi 300 SC) @ 0.5 ml/l of water showed the best efficacy in reducing pod borer and flea beetle infestations. Spraying of Fipronil (Regent 50 SC) performed highest efficacy against stemfly infestation. The yield and the highest net return were obtained from Voliam flexi 300 SC, the highest benefit was obtained from Regent 50 SC treated plots. This might be due to the higher cost of Voliam flexi that reduced the profit margin and showed the lower marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) compared to Regent. Therefore, considering the efficacy and benefit, spraying of Fipronil (Regent 50 SC) @ 0.5 ml/l is the most profitable insecticidal management approach against insect pests of mungbean followed by Imidachloprid (Imitaf 20 SL) at the same dose.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(4): 657-667, December 2015

Who Gains from and who Pays for Channel Deepening?

2005 ◽  
Vol 1909 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Grigalunas ◽  
James J. Opaluch ◽  
Young Tae Chang
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The State ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Port dredging to accommodate larger vessels can create substantial national economic benefits. However, how affected individual states fare economically with dredging is often unclear and can be an important issue. The benefits and the costs to Delaware residents of dredging—with the recent proposed deepening of the Delaware Bay and River main federal channel as a case study—are examined. Benefits include ( a) lower transportation costs that residents might receive on imported goods, ( b) profits that residents would realize if cost savings (e.g., on refinery products) were not passed forward to Delaware users, ( c) project costs that residents would bear as federal taxpayers, and ( d) benefits that residents would realize if the use of dredged sediments for planned beach renourishment created savings to the state. Sensitivity analyses are used to reflect uncertainty in outcomes. The estimated net present value to Delaware today of all future annual quantifiable benefits and costs ranges between $15,528,393 and $14,195,700 over 50 years at 5.875%. Stated another way, the quantified net benefits for Delaware imply a benefit-cost ratio between 2.07 and 1.89. Hence, for every dollar of the $7.5 million that Delaware would pay as a nonfederal cosponsor, estimated quantifiable net benefits to the state are $2.07 to $1.89. Some benefit and cost estimates are vehemently debated between interested parties, and not all benefits and costs can be quantified.

scholarly journals UN MODELO NUMÉRICO PARA LA ADMINISTRACIÓN SUSTENTABLE DE LAS PESQUERÍAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
E. A. Chávez -Ortíz
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Fishing Season ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio

La evaluación de las pesquerías es a menudo problemática debido a que los parámetros de las poblaciones explotadas son poco conocidos o desconocidos. La mayoría de las evaluaciones se limitan al aspecto biológico, ignorando en la mayoría de los casos los aspectos económicos y sociales de la pesca. Los resultados de las evaluaciones tienen en cuenta los datos facilitados por el usuario, lo que debería ser una imagen precisa del aspecto socio-económico del caso de estudio. Así, en la actualidad se utiliza esta información para producir resultados que describen las consecuencias más probables después de cualquier cambio en la estrategia de manejo que se proponga. La evaluación de las poblaciones mediante el modelo FISMO (FIsheries Simulation MOdel) se basa en los principios generales de la evaluación de recursos pesqueros y se realiza con datos históricos de la captura en toneladas de peso fresco. Así, con el propósito de formular mejores opciones de administración, se realizó un meta-análisis de dato para evaluar el desempeño de las pesquerías con base en este modelo de simulación. En cada una de dichas opciones se utilizan datos históricos de la captura y los valores de los parámetros de población. Los costos asociados y los beneficios económicos de cada pesquería son tomados como referencia para el análisis bio-económico. El modelo propuesto permite la prueba de tantas posibilidades de explotación como la pesca y los datos lo permitan, en un ejercicio de programación dinámica que puede proporcionar respuestas a preguntas lógicas como ¿Qué pasará con la biomasa del stock y del rendimiento económico si la talla de primera captura se incrementa? ¿Cuáles serán las consecuencias biológicas y económicas si se duplica el esfuerzo de pesca? ¿Cuál es el esfuerzo máximo que puede soportar la pesquería y dejar de ofrecer beneficios de por lo menos el 10 por ciento por encima de los costos? y ¿Cuáles son las expectativas económicas de la próxima temporada si aumenta el costo de los combustibles en una proporción determinada? A numeric model for the sustainable management of fisheries Usual management targets of many fisheries worldwide are addressed to maintain exploitation at fishing intensities required for the maximum sustainable yield (FMSY). However, variability induced by climate variability and economic forces, often lead to over exploitation. Traditional assessment procedures are limited to the assessment of the biological aspect of fisheries and the socio-economic and social aspects of fishing activities are generally ignored; however, this is an economic activity and in contrast, stakes holders ignore the stock dynamics pursuing economic benefits only. This imposes a gap in the knowledge required for a complete management process. The FISMO is an assessment and management tool that allows forecasting the most likely outcome after the application of any feasible management decision by changing F and the age of first catch (tc). It uses as input historic records of catch data, parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth model, and of the length-weight. Also, socio-economic variables of the last fishing season, such as the number of boats, length (days) of the fishing season, and number of fishers per boat. The model outputs of any target are catch, stock biomass, fishing effort, economic returns, benefit/cost ratio, number of boats, number of fishers and number of fishing days. FMSY , FMEY, and B/C at the economic equilibrium level are found combining F and tc and many management options, useful for planning and co-management, with very reasonable accuracy, can be chosen without compromising the sustainability of the fishery. The software is user-friendly and can be adapted to practically any fishery.

scholarly journals Assessment of management modules against yellow stem borer in paddy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
SURYA BHUSHAN ◽  
RAVI SHANKER
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Benefit Cost

Yellow stem borer (YSB) is one of the most serious and monophagous pest of paddy in India. Field experiments were carried out to assess the different management modules against the yellow stem borer in paddy during the Kharif season of 2019 and 2020. The results on efficacy of modules revealed that during both the years the minimum ‘Dead Heart’ (DH) (10.1 and 11.4% during the year 2019 and 2020, respectively) was recorded in M3 (clipping of terminal shoots at the time of transplanting and application of cartap hydrochloride 50 SP) followed by M2 (11.9 and 14.5% during the year 2019 and 2020, respectively) in which 1st application was done with fipronil 0.3G and 2nd with NSKE 5% and M1 (19.6 and 20.9% during the year 2019 and 2020, respectively) i.e. farmers’ practice where only carbofuran 3G was applied. ‘White Ear Head’ (WEH) was also recorded minimum in M3 (11.6 and 12.1% in the year 2019 and 2020, respectively) followed by M2 (13.3 and 16.4% in the year 2019 and 2020, respectively) and M1 (20.8 and 22.4% in the year 2019 and 2020, respectively) in paddy. Maximum yield (33.8 and 43.1 q/ha during the year 2019 and 2020, respectively) was also recorded in Module 3 practiced clipping of terminal shoots and spraying with cartap hydrochloride 50 SP with the highest BC(Benefit: Cost) ratio 1.52:1 and 1.94:1 in the year 2019 and 2020, respectively. The overall results of the present study indicating the overall superiority of M3 (clipping of terminal shoots at the time of transplanting and two applications of cartap hydrochloride 50 SP at 40 and 60 DAT) in all the aspects i.e. DH, WEH, yield and BC ratio.

scholarly journals Precipitation Enhancement Experiments in Catchment Areas of Dams: Evaluation of Water Resource Augmentation and Economic Benefits

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3730
Author(s):  
Bu-Yo Kim ◽  
Joo Wan Cha ◽  
Woonseon Jung ◽  
A-Reum Ko
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Seomjin River ◽  
Precipitation Enhancement

This study calculated the augmentation of water resources that can be achieved through precipitation enhancement and the ensuing economic benefits by conducting precipitation enhancement experiments using atmospheric aircraft in the catchment areas of 21 multipurpose dams in Korea. The maximum number of precipitation enhancement experiments to be carried out was estimated based on the frequency of occurrence of seedable clouds near each dam, using geostationary satellite data. The maximum quantity of water that can be obtained was calculated considering the mean precipitation enhancement and probability of success, as determined from the results of experiments conducted in South Korea during 2018–2019. The effective area of seeding was assumed 300 km2. In addition, the amount of hydroelectric power generation possible was determined from the quantity of water thus calculated. In conclusion, it was established that an approximate increase of 12.89 million m3 (90% confidence interval: 7.83–17.95 million m3) of water, and 4.79 (2.91–6.68) million kWh of electric power generation will be possible through approximately 96 precipitation enhancement operations in a year at the catchment area of Seomjin River (SJ) dam which has a high frequency of occurrence of seedable clouds, a large drainage area, and a high net head. An economic benefit of approximately 1.01 (0.61–1.40) million USD can be anticipated, the benefit/cost ratio being 1.46 (0.89–2.04).

Economic analysis of an areawide program for biological control of the alfalfa weevil

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. White ◽  
P.G. Allen ◽  
L.J. Moffitt ◽  
P.P. Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Benefit Cost

AbstractAn areawide program for biological control of the alfalfa weevil showed expected economic benefits of $2.2 billion, expressed in present value terms. Alfalfa producers and consumers of livestock products are the main beneficiaries. The control program was highly successful, with a benefit/cost ratio of about 91. Not all areawide biological pest control programs will be as successful; a benefit-cost analysis like the one described here should be performed before areawide control is initiated to identify programs expected to provide economic benefits.

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